THE EFFECT OF HEALTH BELIEF MODEL BASED WEB EDUCATION ON DIABETIC FOOT CARE KNOWLEDGE, BEHAVIOURS AND SELF-EFFICACY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of web training based on the Health Belief Model on knowledge, behavior and self-efficacy in diabetic foot care in individuals with type 2 diabetes who are at low risk of diabetic foot problems. Method: The study, conducted as a randomized controlled trial at a Family Health Center between December 2021 and May 2023, included 142 individuals with type 2 diabetes (71 in the experimental group and 71 in the control group), as determined by power analysis. The experimental group received web-based training in six modules, one every two weeks, based on the Health Belief Model, followed by a 3-month follow-up. Results: The descriptive characteristics (gender, age, education, etc.) and disease-related variables (presence of other chronic diseases, diabetes treatment type, etc.) of both experimental and control groups were found to be homogeneous (p>0.05). In the analyses conducted according to the hypotheses, post-intervention diabetic foot knowledge scores (t=7.582; p=0.001), foot care behavior scores (t=3.125; p=0.002), and self-efficacy scores (t=4.337; p=0.001) showed statistically significant increases in the experimental group compared to the control group. In within-group comparisons, significant differences were observed between pre-test and post-test scores in the experimental group regarding knowledge level (t=-7.382; p=0.001), behaviors (t=-2.100; p=0.039), and self-efficacy (t=-3.198; p=0.002), while no significant changes were detected in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that web education based on the Health Belief Model is effective in increasing foot care knowledge, behaviours and self-efficacy of individuals with low-risk type 2 diabetes. Nurses can improve care behaviours and manage patient care more effectively by providing accessible trainings to their patients through digital education methods. Digital trainings provide an important contribution to the literature by demonstrating that it can be an effective tool in nursing practice and its potential to improve patients' care behaviours.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Diabetes mellitus
• Diabetic foot
• Health belief model
• Self efficacy
• Web based

Destekleyen Kurum

Atatürk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Proje Numarası

TDK-2021-10219

SAĞLIK İNANÇ MODELİ TEMELLİ WEB EĞİTİMİNİN TİP 2 DİYABETLİ BİREYLERDE DİYABETİK AYAK BAKIMI BİLGİSİ, DAVRANIŞLARI VE ÖZ-YETERLİLİK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, diyabetik ayak sorunu yaşama olasılığı düşük olan tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde Sağlık İnanç Modeli'ne dayalı web eğitiminin diyabetik ayak bakımı konusundaki bilgi, davranış ve öz yeterlilik üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Aralık 2021-Mayıs 2023 tarihleri arasında bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezi'nde randomize kontrollü çalışma olarak yürütülen bu araştırmaya, güç analizi sonucunda belirlenen 142 tip 2 diyabet hastası (deney grubu: 71, kontrol grubu: 71) dahil edildi. Deney grubu sağlık İnanç Modeline dayalı olarak iki haftada bir olmak üzere altı modül halinde web tabanlı eğitim aldı ve ardından 3 aylık bir takip gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Deney ve kontrol gruplarının tanımlayıcı özellikleri (cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim vb.) ile hastalıkla ilişkili değişkenlerinin (diğer kronik hastalık varlığı, diyabet tedavi şekli vb.) homojen olduğu belirlendi (p>0.05). Hipotezler doğrultusunda yapılan analizlerde, deney grubunda eğitim sonrası diyabetik ayak bilgisi puanlarının (t=7.582; p=0.001), ayak bakımı davranış puanlarının (t=3.125; p=0.002) ve öz-yeterlilik puanlarının (t=4.337; p=0.001) kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede arttığı görüldü. Grup içi karşılaştırmalarda deney grubunda bilgi düzeyi (t=-7.382; p=0.001), davranışlar (t=-2.100; p=0.039) ve öz-yeterlilik (t=-3.198; p=0.002) açısından pre-test ve post-test puanları arasında anlamlı farklar bulunurken kontrol grubunda bu değişim anlamlı değildi (p>0.05). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Sağlık İnanç Modeli’ne dayalı web eğitiminin, düşük riskli tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin ayak bakımı bilgisi, davranışları ve öz-yeterliliklerini artırmada etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Hemşireler, dijital eğitim yöntemleriyle hastalarına erişilebilir eğitimler sunarak bakım davranışlarını iyileştirebilir ve hasta bakımını daha etkili yönetebilirler. Dijital eğitimler, hemşirelik pratiğinde etkili bir araç olabileceğini ve hastaların bakım davranışlarını iyileştirme potansiyelini ortaya koyarak literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Diyabetik ayak
• Diabetes mellitus
• Sağlık inanç modeli
• Öz yeterlilik
• Web temelli

Proje Numarası

TDK-2021-10219

Kaynakça

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