GENÇ VE ORTA YAŞ YETİŞKİNLERDE ANTROPOMETRİK PARAMETRELER VE DİYET ALIMININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yaşayan genç ve orta yaş yetişkinlerin günlük ortalama enerji ve besin ögeleri alımlarının, besin gruplarından tükettikleri miktarların ve antropometrik ölçümlerinin kıyaslanması amaçlandı. Diğer bir amaç bel çevresi artışı üzerinde etkili olan etmenlerin incelenmesiydi. Yöntem: Çalışma 20-34 yaş arası genç yetişkinler ve 35-64 yaş arası orta yaşlı yetişkinleri içeren 1052 yetişkin üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Veri toplamada yetişkinler hakkında genel bilgileri ve bir günlük besin tüketimini ele alan bir anket kullanıldı. Vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, bel çevresi ve kalça çevresi dahil olmak üzere antropometrik ölçümler, eğitimli araştırmacılar tarafından standart teknikler kullanılarak bir gecelik açlığın ardından sabah saatlerinde gerçekleştirildi. Bu ölçümler Beden Kütle İndeksi, Vücut Yağlanma İndeksi, Bel-Kalça Oranı ve Bel-Boy Oranını hesaplamak için kullanıldı. Tüm veriler Ekim 2023 ve Nisan 2024 tarihleri arasında yüz yüze görüşmeler sırasında toplandı. Bulgular: Genç yetişkinlerin yaş ortalaması 28.27±2.85 yıl iken orta yaş yetişkinlerin yaş ortalaması 44.56±6.75 yıldı. Bulgular genç yetişkinlerin %3.2’sinin ve orta yaş yetişkinlerin %17.4’ünün obez olduğunu gösterdi (p<0.05). Ayrıca vücut adipozite indeksi ve metabolik risk (bel çevresine, bel-kalça ve bel boy oranına göre) orta yaş yetişkinlerde anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksekti. Günlük alınan enerjinin doymuş yağlardan gelen yüzdesi ve ekmek dışındaki tahıl tüketimi genç yetişkinlerde; günlük posa, sebze, meyve ve yağlı tohum tüketimi de orta yaş yetişkinlerde daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Bunun yanı sıra yetişkinlerin bel çevresindeki artış üzerinde günlük enerji, şeker ve şekerli ürünler, kırmızı et, meyve tüketiminin ve yaşın önemli etkisi vardı (p<0.05). Sonuç: Bu çalışma yetişkinlerin yaşa bağlı olarak beslenme durumlarında ve antropometrik ölçümlerinde anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektedir. Genç ve orta yaşlı yetişkinlerde daha yüksek bel çevresini öngören diyetsel faktörler, bireysel davranış değişikliği için değiştirilebilir hedefler arasındadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki yetişkinlerde sağlıklı beslenmeye ve santral obezitenin önlenmesine yönelik stratejilerin geliştirilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antropometri
• Besin Alımı
• Orta Yaş Yetişkinler
• Genç Yetişkinler

COMPARISON OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND DIETARY INTAKE IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS

Öz

Objective: This study aims to compare the daily average energy and nutrient intakes, quantities consumed from food groups, and anthropometric measurements of young and middle-aged adults living in Türkiye. Another objective was to examine factors influencing the increase in waist circumference. Method: This study was carried out on 1052 adults, including young adults aged 20-34 years and middle-aged adults aged 35-64 years. A questionnaire addressing general information about adults and a one-day dietary intake was used in data collection. Anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference, were performed in the morning hours after an overnight fast by trained researchers using standardized techniques. These measurements were used to calculate the Body Mass Index, Body Adiposity Index, Waist-to-Hip Ratio, and Waist-to-Height Ratio. All data were collected between October 2023 and April 2024 during in-person interviews. Results: The mean age of young adults was 28.27±2.85 years, while the mean age of middle-aged adults was 44.56±6.75 years. The results achieved in this study revealed that 3.2% of young adults and 17.4% of middle-aged adults were obese (p<0.05). Moreover, body adiposity index and metabolic risk (based on waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio) were significantly higher in middle-aged adults. The percentage of daily energy intake from saturated fats and the consumption of grains other than bread were higher in young adults, whereas daily intake of fiber, vegetables, fruits, and oily seeds was higher in middle-aged adults (p<0.05). Furthermore, daily energy intake, sugar and sugary products consumption, red meat consumption, fruit consumption, and age significantly influenced the increase in waist circumference among adults (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates that there are significant differences in the nutritional status and anthropometric measurements of adults by age. Dietary factors predicting higher waist circumference in young and middle-aged adults are among modifiable targets for individual behavior modification. This study emphasizes the importance of developing strategies for healthy eating and prevention of central obesity among adults.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anthropometry
• Dietary Intake
• Middle-aged Adults
• Young Adults

Kaynakça

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