KAS VE TENDON MİMARİSİ İLE MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gastroknemius kasının mimari özellikleri olan lif demeti uzunluğu, pennasyon açısı ve kas kalınlığı ile Aşil tendonunun kalınlığının; Gastroknemius kası ve Aşil tendonun mekanik özellikleri (elastikiyet, sertlik ve tonus) üzerindeki etkilerini incelemekti. Yöntem: Çalışmaya, kas-iskelet sistemiyle ilgili herhangi bir semptomu olmayan,18-27 yaş aralığında, 63 sağlıklı gönüllü kadın katıldı. Gastroknemius kasının pennasyon açısı, kalınlığı ve lif demeti uzunluğu ile Aşil tendonu kalınlığı, lineer problu (5-12 MHz) bir ultrasonografi cihazı (MicrUs EXT-1H, Telemed Ultrasound Medical Systems, Vilnius, Litvanya) kullanılarak ölçüldü. Medial gastroknemius kası ve Aşil tendonunun mekanik özellikleri, taşınabilir bir miyotonometre (MyotonPRO, Myoton Ltd., Estonya) kullanılarak elastikiyetle ilişkili logaritmik azalma, sertlik göstergesi olan dinamik sertlik ve tonus göstergesi olan salınım frekansı ölçümleri gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Veri analizinde, gastroknemius kasının lif demeti uzunluğu, pennasyon açısı ve kalınlığı ile mekanik özellikleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı (p>.05). Benzer şekilde, Aşil tendonu kalınlığı ile tendonun mekanik özellikleri arasında da anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı gözlendi (p>.05). Ancak, Aşil tendonunun dinamik sertliği; vücut kitle indeksi (r=.364, p=.003), gastroknemius kas kalınlığı (r=.278, p=.032), pennasyon açısı (r=.285, p=.023) ve subkutan yağ kalınlığı (r=.328, p=.009) ile orta düzeyde pozitif korelasyon gösterdi. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, kas ve tendon mimarisine ait parametrelerin bu yapıların mekanik özellikleri üzerinde doğrudan belirleyici olmadığını göstermiştir. Ancak yüksek vücut kitle indeksi, artmış gastroknemius kas kalınlığı ve büyük pennasyon açısı gibi faktörlerin, tendon üzerine binen mekanik yükü artırarak Aşil tendonunun sertliğini artırabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu bulgular, kas ve tendonun mekanik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesinde yalnızca yapısal-morfolojik ölçütlerin değil, bireyin genel vücut yapısını yansıtan antropometrik özelliklerin de dikkatle göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sertlik
• Esneklik
• Tonus
• Kas Mimarisi
• Lif Uzunluğu
• Pennasyon Açısı

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUSCLE AND TENDON ARCHITECTURE AND THEIR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the architectural features of the gastrocnemius muscle-namely fascicle length, pennation angle, and muscle thickness-and Achilles tendon thickness on the mechanical properties (elasticity, stiffness, and tone) of both the gastrocnemius muscle and the Achilles tendon. Method: Sixty-three healthy female volunteers aged 18-27 years without musculoskeletal symptoms participated in the study. The pennation angle, thickness, and fascicle length of the gastrocnemius muscle and the thickness of the Achilles tendon were measured using an ultrasonography device with a linear probe (5-12 MHz) (MicrUs EXT-1H, Telemed Ultrasound Medical Systems, Vilnius, Lithuania). A portable myotonometer (MyotonPRO, Myoton Ltd., Tallinn, Estonia) was used to assess the mechanical properties of the medial gastrocnemius and Achilles tendon, including logarithmic decrement (elasticity), dynamic stiffness (stiffness), and oscillation frequency (tone). Results: Data analysis revealed no significant relationships between fascicle length, pennation angle, or muscle thickness of the gastrocnemius and its mechanical properties (p>.05). Similarly, no significant associations were not found between Achilles tendon thickness and its mechanical characteristics (p>.05). However, the dynamic stiffness of the Achilles tendon showed a moderate positive correlation with body mass index (r=.364, p =.003), gastrocnemius thickness (r=.278, p=.032), pennation angle (r=.285, p=.023), and subcutaneous fat thickness (r=.328, p=.009). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that muscle and tendon architecture does not directly determine their mechanical properties. However, higher body mass index, increased muscle thickness, and greater pennation angle may elevate the mechanical load on the tendon, potentially increasing Achilles tendon stiffness. These findings highlight the importance of considering anthropometric characteristics in addition to structural parameters when evaluating tendon and muscle mechanical properties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Stiffness
• Elasticity
• Tone
• Muscle Architecture
• Fascicle Length
• Pennation Angle

Kaynakça

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