Araştırma Makalesi
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CHILD EXPOSURE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (CEDV) SCALE TURKISH VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 , 14 - 20 , 28.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1790202
https://izlik.org/JA44DT69FE

Öz

Objective: Child neglect and abuse negatively affect children’s physical, mental, and social development, often persisting into adulthood. This study aimed to test the Turkish validity and reliability of the Child Exposure to Domestic Violence (CEDV) Scale.
Method: This methodological study included children aged 10–16 attending schools under the Tokat Provincial Directorate of National Education (June 2020-January 2022). For the 33-item scale, a minimum of 330 participants was required; 368 children participated in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and 326 different children in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were collected using the Child and Parent Descriptive Characteristics Form and the CEDV Scale. Seven linguists conducted the language validity study, and twelve experts assessed content validity. Following translation and cultural adaptation, EFA and CFA were applied. Analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0. Scale validity and reliability were assessed with Cronbach’s alpha, Tukey’s summability test, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Bartlett’s test, principal component analysis, and test–retest method. Necessary permissions and ethics approvals were obtained.
Results: Expert evaluations confirmed item relevance (CVR=0.66–1.00; CGI=0.73–0.95). KMO values (0.884, 0.846, 0.764) and Bartlett’s test (p<0.001) showed suitability for factor analysis. The scale consisted of six components explaining 69.67% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients indicated strong internal consistency, and summation tests confirmed item reliability (p<0.001). Test–retest analysis with 40 children showed no significant difference between measurements (p>0.05), while intraclass correlation was high (p<0.001). CFA revealed that fit indices (X²/df, SRMR, RMSEA, GFI, CFI, TLI, NFI, IFI, RFI) were within acceptable limits.
Conclusion: The Turkish version of the CEDV demonstrated valid and reliable psychometric properties, with results consistent with the original English version. The scale can be effectively used to evaluate children’s exposure to domestic violence in the 10–16 age group in Turkey and is expected to contribute significantly to future research and intervention efforts.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization [Internet]. 2020. p. 1 Violence against children. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/violence-against-children#tab=tab_2
  • Gudek Seferoglu E, Sezi̇ci̇ E, Yi̇gi̇t D. Nursing students’ level of the diagnosing symptoms and risks of child abuse and neglect. OPUS JSR. 2019;17(1):257-276.
  • Moraes CL, Sampaio PF, Reichenheim ME, Veiga GV. The intertwined effect of lack of emotional warmth and child abuse and neglect on common mental disorders in adolescence. Child Abuse Negl. 2018;83(1):74-82.
  • Caneira L, Myrick KM. Diagnosing child abuse: the role of the nurse practitioner. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. 2015;11(6):640-646.
  • Cavusoglu H. Pediatric nursing. 13. Press. Ankara: Sistem Ofset Yayıncılık; 2022:19-21.
  • Kostak MA. Nursing and midwifery students’ state of liking of children, effects of paediatrics nursing lesson on the state of liking of children and affecting factors. Cumhuriyet Nursing Journal. 2013;2(2):50-56.
  • Gilbert R, Widom CS, Browne K, Fergusson D, Webb E, Janson S. Child maltreatment 1. burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet. 2009;373:68-81.
  • Pirdehghan A, Vakili M, Rajabzadeh Y, Puyandehpour M. Child abuse and neglect epidemiology in secondary school students of yazd province, Iran. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2015;9(4):2256-2260.
  • Mahram M, Hosseinkhani Z, Nedjat S, Aflatouni A. Epidemiologic evaluation of child abuse and neglect in school-aged children of qazvin province, Iran. Iran J Pediatr. 2013;23(2):159-164.
  • Lee SJ, Ward KP, Lee JY, Rodriguez CM. Parental social isolation and child maltreatment risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Fam Violence. 2021;14(1):1-12.
  • Gosangi B, Park H, Richard T, et al. Exacerbation of physical intimate partner violence during COVID-19 pandemic. Radiology. 2021;298(1):528-545.
  • Kovler ML, Ziegfeld S, Ryan LM, et al. Since January 2020 elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company’ s public news and information. Child Abuse Negl. 2021;116:1-7.
  • Sidpra J, Abomeli D, Hameed B, Baker J, Mankad K. Rise in the incidence of abusive head trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Dis Child. 2021;106(3):e14-e14.
  • Tar E, Çetintaş B, Atik D. Child Abuse During the COVID-19 Pandemic. GUJHS. 2022;11(1):371-378.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. Statistics on children, 2024 (Publication No. 4772). Ankara: Turkish Statistical Institute; 2025.
  • Bakir E, Kapucu S. Reflection of child neglect and abuse to researches in Turkey: a literature review. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing. 2017;4(2):13-24.
  • Polat Kulcu D, Karatas H. Examination of the pediatric nurses’ knowledge about child abuse and neglect. Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty. 2016;32(1):48-58.
  • Jeong Y, Jang SY, Song MK, Kum DJ, Park SE, Bang KS. Child abuse awareness and reporting intention among nursing and education students. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ. 2019;25(2):216-226.
  • Lee HM, Kim JS. Predictors of intention of reporting child abuse among emergency nurses. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018;38(1):47-52.
  • Edleson JL, Shin N, Johnson Armendariz KK. Measuring children’s exposure to domestic violence: The development and testing of the Child Exposure to Domestic Violence (CEDV) Scale. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2008;30(5):502-521.
  • Söderbäck M, Coyne I, Harder M. The İmportance of including both a child perspective and the child’s perspective within health care settings to provide truly child-centred care. J Child Health Care. 2011;15(2):99-106.
  • Alpar R. Applied statistics and validity-reliability: with examples from sports, health, and educational sciences. Revised Edition. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık; 2020.
  • Sönmez V, Alacapınar FG. Scientific research methods with examples. 5th Edition. Sönmez V, Alacapınar FG, editors. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık; 2017: 508.
  • Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 6th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 2013.
  • Pallant J. SPSS User Guide. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık; 2017.
  • Karakoç A, Dönmez L. Basic Principles in Scale Development. World of Medical Education. 2014;13(40):39-49.
  • Türkoğlu N, Kılıç D. A Validity and reliability Study of the Turkish version of the hypertension self-efficacy scale. Turk J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2021;12(29):190-195.

ÇOCUKLARIN AİLE İÇİ ŞİDDETE MARUZ KALMA ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 , 14 - 20 , 28.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1790202
https://izlik.org/JA44DT69FE

Öz

Amaç: Çocuk ihmali ve istismarı, çocukların fiziksel, ruhsal ve sosyal gelişimini olumsuz etkileyerek çoğu zaman yetişkinliğe kadar devam eden sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Çocukların Aile İçi Şiddete Maruz Kalma (ÇAŞMK) Ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliğini test etmeyi amaçladı.
Yöntem: Bu metodolojik çalışma, Tokat İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı okullarda öğrenim gören 10-16 yaş arası çocukları kapsadı (Haziran 2020-Ocak 2022). Otuz üç maddelik ölçek için en az 330 katılımcı gerekli görüldü; 368 çocuk Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA), 326 farklı çocuk ise Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) için çalışmaya dahil edildi. Veriler, Çocuk ve Ebeveyn Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu ile ÇAŞMK Ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. Dil geçerliği için yedi dilbilimci çalışmaya katıldı, içerik geçerliği ise oniki uzman tarafından değerlendirildi. Çeviri ve kültürel uyarlama tamamlandıktan sonra AFA ve DFA uygulandı. Analizler SPSS 25.0 ve AMOS 24.0 yazılımları ile yapıldı. Ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirliği Cronbach alfa katsayısı, Tukey toplama testi, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Bartlett testi, temel bileşenler analizi ve test-tekrar test yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. Gerekli izinler ve etik onaylar alındı.
Bulgular: Uzman değerlendirmeleri madde geçerliliğini doğruladı (CVR=0.66–1.00; CGI=0.73–0.95). KMO değerleri (0.884; 0.846; 0.764) ve Bartlett testi (p<0.001) faktör analizi için uygun bulundu. Ölçek, toplam varyansın %69.67’sini açıklayan altı bileşenden oluştu. Cronbach alfa katsayıları güçlü iç tutarlılığı gösterdi, toplama testleri madde güvenirliğini doğruladı (p<0.001). Kırk çocukla yapılan test-tekrar test analizinde ölçümler arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0.05), sınıf içi korelasyon ise yüksek düzeyde saptandı (p<0.001). DFA sonuçlarında uyum indeksleri (X²/df, SRMR, RMSEA, GFI, CFI, TLI, NFI, IFI, RFI) kabul edilebilir sınırlar içinde yer aldı.
Sonuç: ÇAŞMKÖ’nün Türkçe versiyonunun geçerli ve güvenilir psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğu, sonuçların orijinal İngilizce versiyon ile uyumlu olduğu belirlendi. Ölçeğin Türkiye’de 10-16 yaş grubundaki çocukların aile içi şiddete maruz kalma durumlarını değerlendirmede etkili şekilde kullanılabileceği ve gelecekteki araştırma ile müdahalelere önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization [Internet]. 2020. p. 1 Violence against children. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/violence-against-children#tab=tab_2
  • Gudek Seferoglu E, Sezi̇ci̇ E, Yi̇gi̇t D. Nursing students’ level of the diagnosing symptoms and risks of child abuse and neglect. OPUS JSR. 2019;17(1):257-276.
  • Moraes CL, Sampaio PF, Reichenheim ME, Veiga GV. The intertwined effect of lack of emotional warmth and child abuse and neglect on common mental disorders in adolescence. Child Abuse Negl. 2018;83(1):74-82.
  • Caneira L, Myrick KM. Diagnosing child abuse: the role of the nurse practitioner. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. 2015;11(6):640-646.
  • Cavusoglu H. Pediatric nursing. 13. Press. Ankara: Sistem Ofset Yayıncılık; 2022:19-21.
  • Kostak MA. Nursing and midwifery students’ state of liking of children, effects of paediatrics nursing lesson on the state of liking of children and affecting factors. Cumhuriyet Nursing Journal. 2013;2(2):50-56.
  • Gilbert R, Widom CS, Browne K, Fergusson D, Webb E, Janson S. Child maltreatment 1. burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet. 2009;373:68-81.
  • Pirdehghan A, Vakili M, Rajabzadeh Y, Puyandehpour M. Child abuse and neglect epidemiology in secondary school students of yazd province, Iran. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2015;9(4):2256-2260.
  • Mahram M, Hosseinkhani Z, Nedjat S, Aflatouni A. Epidemiologic evaluation of child abuse and neglect in school-aged children of qazvin province, Iran. Iran J Pediatr. 2013;23(2):159-164.
  • Lee SJ, Ward KP, Lee JY, Rodriguez CM. Parental social isolation and child maltreatment risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Fam Violence. 2021;14(1):1-12.
  • Gosangi B, Park H, Richard T, et al. Exacerbation of physical intimate partner violence during COVID-19 pandemic. Radiology. 2021;298(1):528-545.
  • Kovler ML, Ziegfeld S, Ryan LM, et al. Since January 2020 elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company’ s public news and information. Child Abuse Negl. 2021;116:1-7.
  • Sidpra J, Abomeli D, Hameed B, Baker J, Mankad K. Rise in the incidence of abusive head trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Dis Child. 2021;106(3):e14-e14.
  • Tar E, Çetintaş B, Atik D. Child Abuse During the COVID-19 Pandemic. GUJHS. 2022;11(1):371-378.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. Statistics on children, 2024 (Publication No. 4772). Ankara: Turkish Statistical Institute; 2025.
  • Bakir E, Kapucu S. Reflection of child neglect and abuse to researches in Turkey: a literature review. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing. 2017;4(2):13-24.
  • Polat Kulcu D, Karatas H. Examination of the pediatric nurses’ knowledge about child abuse and neglect. Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty. 2016;32(1):48-58.
  • Jeong Y, Jang SY, Song MK, Kum DJ, Park SE, Bang KS. Child abuse awareness and reporting intention among nursing and education students. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ. 2019;25(2):216-226.
  • Lee HM, Kim JS. Predictors of intention of reporting child abuse among emergency nurses. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018;38(1):47-52.
  • Edleson JL, Shin N, Johnson Armendariz KK. Measuring children’s exposure to domestic violence: The development and testing of the Child Exposure to Domestic Violence (CEDV) Scale. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2008;30(5):502-521.
  • Söderbäck M, Coyne I, Harder M. The İmportance of including both a child perspective and the child’s perspective within health care settings to provide truly child-centred care. J Child Health Care. 2011;15(2):99-106.
  • Alpar R. Applied statistics and validity-reliability: with examples from sports, health, and educational sciences. Revised Edition. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık; 2020.
  • Sönmez V, Alacapınar FG. Scientific research methods with examples. 5th Edition. Sönmez V, Alacapınar FG, editors. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık; 2017: 508.
  • Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 6th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 2013.
  • Pallant J. SPSS User Guide. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık; 2017.
  • Karakoç A, Dönmez L. Basic Principles in Scale Development. World of Medical Education. 2014;13(40):39-49.
  • Türkoğlu N, Kılıç D. A Validity and reliability Study of the Turkish version of the hypertension self-efficacy scale. Turk J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2021;12(29):190-195.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hakan Avan 0000-0003-2494-3671

Birgül Vural 0000-0002-7493-6149

Selin Söyünmez 0000-0001-5671-6444

Mukaddes Demir Acar 0000-0002-6376-2171

Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi 23 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Nisan 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1790202
IZ https://izlik.org/JA44DT69FE
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver 1.Hakan Avan, Birgül Vural, Selin Söyünmez, Mukaddes Demir Acar. CHILD EXPOSURE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (CEDV) SCALE TURKISH VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY. Karya J Health Sci. 01 Nisan 2026;7(1):14-20. doi:10.52831/kjhs.1790202