COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE TÜRKİYE’DE YAŞAYAN YAŞLI BİREYLERİN YAŞAM ALANLARININ FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE, DEPRESYON VE YAŞAM KALİTESİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 278 - 283, 31.12.2022

Emre Şenocak , Fatma Varli , Aysel Yıldız Özer

https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1159578

Öz

Amaç: Yeni tip koronavirüs salgını sırasında uygulanan karantina önlemleri, yaşlı bireylerin günlük yaşamlarında bazı değişikliklere neden oldu. Bu çalışma, pandemi süresince kırsal veya kentsel alanlarda yaşamanın Türkiye’deki yaşlı bireylerin fiziksel aktivite, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyip etkilemediğini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır.
Yöntem: Yüz üç yaşlı birey, bir kez yapılan video konferans yöntemiyle değerlendirildi. Katılımcılar yaşadıkları bölgeye göre kırsal (n:41) ve kentsel (n:62) olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Bireylerin fiziksel aktivite, depresyon varlığı ve yaşam kaliteleri sırasıyla Yaşlılar İçin Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği (YFAÖ), Geriatrik Depresyon Ölçeği (GDÖ) ve Kısa Form-36 (KF-36) ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Sonuçlara göre yaşlıların YFAÖ (p=0.677), GDÖ (p=0.742) ve KF-36'nın ağrı (p=0.033) dışındaki tüm alt boyutları (tümü için p>0.05) her iki grupta benzerdi. Ayrıca kırsal kesimde yaşayanların GDÖ puanları ile KF-36 fiziksel işlev (r=-0.381), ruh sağlığı (r=-0.381) ve sosyal işlevsellik alt boyutları (r=-0.395) arasında düşük düzeyde bir ilişki varken, canlılık (r=-0.529) ve ağrı (r=-0.536) alt boyutları arasında orta düzeyde bir ilişki vardı. Ek olarak, KF-36'nın genel sağlık algısı alt boyutu ile GDÖ arasında güçlü bir ilişki bulundu (r=-0.611).
Sonuç: Türkiye genelinde uygulamaya konulan pandemi kaynaklı karantina önlemleri başta yaşlılar olmak üzere tüm insanların günlük yaşamını olumsuz etkiledi. Bu önlemler nedeniyle kırsal ve kentsel alanlarda yaşayan yaşlıların günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin benzerliği, benzer fiziksel aktivite, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesi skorlarının oluşmasına neden olmuş olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Yaşlı, Fiziksel Aktivite, Depresyon

EFFECT OF THE RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF GERIATRICS LIVING IN TURKEY ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, DEPRESSION, AND QUALITY OF LIFE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Öz

Objective: The quarantine precautions implemented during the new type of coronavirus epidemic caused some changes in the daily lives of geriatric individuals. This study aimed to examine whether living in rural or urban areas affects physical activity, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in Turkish geriatrics during pandemic.
Method: One hundred three geriatrics were assessed with the videoconferencing method, which was performed once. Participants were divided into two groups according to the area where they lived as rural (n:41) or urban (n:62). In addition, physical activity, presence of depression, and QoL of individuals were assessed with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36), respectively.
Results: According to the results, PASE (p=0.677), GDS (p=0.742), and all sub-dimensions of SF-36 (p>0.05 for all) except pain (p=0.033) of geriatrics were similar in both groups. Also, while there is a low-level relationship between the GDS scores of those living in rural areas and the sub-dimensions of SF-36 physical function (r=-0.381), mental health (r=-0.381), and social functionality (r=-0.395), there was a moderate correlation between the vitality (r=-0.529) and pain (r=-0.536) sub-dimensions. In addition, a strong correlation was found between GDS and the general health perception sub-dimension of SF-36 (r=-0.611).
Conclusion: The pandemic-induced quarantine precautions, which were put into effect throughout Turkey, negatively affected the daily life of all people, especially elderly individuals. Because of these precautions, the similarity of daily living activities of the elderly living in rural and urban areas may have caused similar physical activity, depression, and QoL scores.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Geriatrics, Physical Activity, Depression

Kaynakça

• Park SE. Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19). Korean Journal of Pediatrics. 2020;63:119-124.
• Smith ML, Steinman LE, Casey EA. Combatting social isolation among older adults in a time of physical distancing: the Covid-19 social connectivity paradox. Front Public Heal. 2020;8.
• Pinto AJ, Roschel H, de Sá Pinto AL, et al. Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior: Overlooked risk factors in autoimmune rheumatic diseases? Autoimmunity Reviews. 2017;16:667-674.
• Gualano B, Bonfa E, Pereira RMR, Silva CA. Physical activity for paediatric rheumatic diseases: standing up against old paradigms. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2017;13.
• Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395:912-20.
• Özpınar S, Bayçelebi S, Demir Y, Yazıcıoğlu B. How did the Covid-19 pandemic affect older adults? Investigation in terms of disability, state trait anxiety and life satisfaction: Samsun, Turkey example. Psychogeriatrics. 2022;22:202-209.
• Valdez JA, Brennan MT. Impact of oral cancer on quality of life. Dental Clinics of North America. 2018;62:143-154.
• Sönmez Y, Uçku R, Kıtay Ş, et al. İzmir’de bir sağlık ocağı bölgesinde yaşayan 75 yaş ve üzeri bireylerde yaşam kalitesi ve etkileyen Etmenler. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Derg. 2007;21:145-153.
• Özgür G, Baysan L. Yaşlılarda uyku sorunları. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Derg. 2005;21:97-105. Altın Z. Covid-19 Pandemisinde yaşlılar. Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastan Derg. 2020;30.
• Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the Covid-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry. 6;33(2):e100213.
• Milgrom J, Gemmill AW, Ericksen J, Burrows G, Buist A, Reece J. Treatment of postnatal depression with cognitive behavioural therapy, sertraline and combination therapy: A randomised controlled trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2015;49(3):236-245.
• Chapman DP, Perry GS. Depression as a major component of public health for older adults. Prev Chronic Dis. 2008;5(1):A22.
• Çifçili S, Yazgan Ç, Ünalan P. Bir huzurevinde depresyon taraması sonuçları. Turkish J Geriatr. 2006;9:122-125.
• Açiksöz S, Uzun Ş, Arslan F. Hemşirelik öǧrencilerinin sağlık algısı ile sağlığı geliştirme arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Gulhane Med J. 2013;55:181-187.
• Arslan T, Kara B, Arslan S. Comparison of physical activity levels of elderly people living in rural and urban areas of Turkey. Turkish J Sport Med. 2018;53:101-108.
• Sasaki Y, Shobugawa Y, Nozaki I, et al. Rural–urban differences in the factors affecting depressive symptoms among older adults of two regions in myanmar. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:1-12.
• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39:175-191.
• Washburn RA, McAuley E, Katula J, Mihalko SL, Boileau RA. The Physical Activity Scale for the elderly (PASE): evidence for validity. J Clin Epidemiol. 1999;52:643-651.
• Ertan T, Eker E. Reliability, validity, and factor structure of the geriatric depression scale in Turkish elderly: Are there different factor structures for different cultures? Int Psychogeriatrics. 2000;12:163-172.
• Koçyiğit H, Aydemir Ö, Fişek G, Ölmez N, Memiş A. Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of Short Form-36 (SF-36). İlaç ve Tedavi Derg. 2016;12:102-106.
• Pelletier CA, Ward K, Pousette A, Fox G. Meaning and experiences of physical activity in rural and northern communities. Qual Res Sport Exerc Heal. 2021;13:690-703.
• Arnadottir SA, Gunnarsdottir ED, Stenlund H, Lundin-Olsson L. Determinants of self-rated health in old age: a population-based, cross-sectional study using the International Classification of Functioning. BMC Public Health. 2011;11.
• Wilder-Smith A, Freedman DO. Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: Pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine. 2020;27.
• Roy J, Jain R, Golamari R, Vunnam R, Sahu N. Covid-19 in the geriatric population. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2020;35:1437-1441.
• McGrath A, Murphy N, Richardson N. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of Irish Men’s Shed members. Health Promot Int. 2021;36:1007-1019.
• Murtagh E, Murphy MH, Murphy, N M, Woods C, Lane A. Stay Active: the physical activity, ageing and health study. 2014:4-46.
• John DH, Nader PA, Gunter K. Using mixed methods to explore older residents’ physical activity and experiences of community active aging friendliness. OBM Geriatr. 2018;4(1).
• Güngör S, Bütüner F. Food science and technology evaluation of the social and psychological changes occurring in elderly living in Konya province in terms of landscape architecture during the pandemic process. Turkish J Agric. 2021;9:2458-2465.
• Baker E, Clark LL. Biopsychopharmacosocial approach to assess impact of social distancing and isolation on mental health in older adults. Br J Community Nurs. 2020;25:231-238.
• Fiorillo RG, Oliveira DV de, Graça Á, Fonseca HS, Guilherme FR, Fiorese L, et al. Changes in the daily routine and life perceptions of older adults due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Geriatr Gerontol Aging. 2021;15:e0210003.
• Ozmen SY. Place of old people in Turkish culture and the changing position of elderliness in media. Milli Folk. 2013;25:110-119.
• Risal A, Manandhar S, Manandhar K, Manandhar N, Kunwar D, Holen A. Quality of life and its predictors among aging people in urban and rural Nepal. Qual Life Res. 2020;29:3201-3212.
• Zin PE, Saw YM, Saw TN, et al. Assessment of quality of life among elderly in urban and peri-urban areas, Yangon Region, Myanmar. PLoS One. 2020;15(10): e0241211.
• Perissinotto CM, Stijacic Cenzer I, Covinsky KE. Loneliness in older persons: A predictor of functional decline and death. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:1078-1083.
• Jemal K, Hailu D, Tesfa B, Lama T, Kinati T, Mengistu E. Geriatric depression and quality of life in North Shoa Zone, Oromia region: a community cross-sectional study. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2021;20:36.
• Akyol Y, Durmuş D, Doǧan C, Bek Y, Cantürk F. Geriatrik populasyonda yaşam kalitesi ve depresif belirti düzeyi. Turkish J Rheumatol. 2010;25:165-173.
• Aksüllü N, Doğan S. Huzurevinde ve evde yaşayan yaşlılarda algılanan sosyal destek etkenleri ile depresyon arasındaki ilişki. Anatol J Psychiatry. 2004;5:76-84.
• Zunzunegui MV, Béland F, Otero A. Support from children, living arrangements, self-rated health and depressive symptoms of older people in Spain. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30:1090-1099.
• Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pérez-Rodríguez P, et al. Impact of social ısolation due to Covid-19 on health in older people: mental and physical effects and recommendations. J Nutr Heal Aging. 2020;1-10.