ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIĞI, BEDEN ALGISI, VÜCUT KOMPOZİSYONU VE YEME BOZUKLUKLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 139 - 145, 31.08.2023

Fatma Tayhan

https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1302837

Cited By: 1

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal medya bağımlılığı, beden algısı ve vücut kompozisyonu ile yeme bozukluğu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte olan bu çalışma 209 üniversite öğrencisi ile yapıldı. Veriler, öğrencilerin genel özelliklerini ölçmeye yönelik soruların sorulduğu bir anket formu ile Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği, Rezzy Yeme Bozuklukları Ölçeği ve Beden Algısı Ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. Vücut kompozisyonu Biyoelektriksel İmpedans Analizi yardımıyla ölçüldü. Bel çevresi ve kalça çevresi ölçümleri alındı.
Bulgular: Kızların Beden Algısı Ölçeği toplam puanı erkeklerden daha düşük bulundu (p<0.05). Ayrıca kız öğrenciler arasında yeme bozukluğu riski yaygınlığının (%40.5) erkeklerden (%21.7) daha yüksek olduğu görüldü. Lineer regresyon analizi yeme bozukluğu riski üzerinde beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) (β= 0.247, p=<0.001) ve sosyal medya bağımlılığının (β= 0.193, p=0.005) anlamlı şekilde etkisi olduğunu gösterdi. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı olan öğrencilerin %29.2’sinin beden algısı düşükken, sosyal medya bağımlılığı olmayanların yalnızca %8.3’ünün beden algısı düşüktü (p=0.002). Beden algısı düşük olan öğrenciler arasında yeme bozukluğu riski yaygınlığı, beden algısı yüksek olanlara göre daha fazla bulundu (sırasıyla %51.0 ve %31.6, p=0.011).
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak yeme davranış bozukluklarına neden olan faktörlerin farkında olmak oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma sosyal medya bağımlılığının ve BKİ’nin daha yüksek yeme bozukluğu riski ile ilişkili olduğunu gösterdi. Sosyal medyada gençlere sunulan gerçekçi olmayan vücut görüntülerine ve beslenmeyle ilgili yanlış bilgilere maruziyet en aza indirilerek, gençler arasında yeme bozuklukları riskini azaltmak için sosyal medya kullanımı ve içeriği hakkında eğitim verilmesi önerilebilir. Ayrıca gençlerin ideal vücut ağırlığına ulaşmaları sağlanarak yeme bozukluğu riski azaltılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağımlılık, Beden Algısı, Vücut Ağırlığı, Yeme Bozukluğu

EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION, BODY PERCEPTION, BODY COMPOSITION AND EATING DISORDERS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Öz

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between social media addiction, body image, body composition, and eating disorders in university students.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 209 university students. The data were collected using a questionnaire that included the general characteristics of the students and the Social Media Addiction Scale, Rezzy Eating Disorders Scale, and Body Image Scale. The researcher measured the body composition of students with the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. The researcher measured the waist and hip circumferences of students.
Results: The total score of the Body Image Scale of the girls was lower than the boys (p<0.05). In addition, the prevalence of eating disorder risk among female students (40.5%) was higher than among males (21.7%). Linear regression analysis showed that (body mass index (BMI) (β= 0.247, p=<0.001) and social media addiction (β= 0.193, p=0.005) had significant effects on eating disorder risk. While 29.2% of students with social media addiction had low body image, only 8.3% of students without social media addiction had low body image (p=0.002). The prevalence of eating disorder risk was higher among students with low body perception than those with high body perception (51.0% and 31.6%, respectively, p=0.011).
Conclusion: As a result, being aware of the factors that cause eating behavior disorders is very important. This study showed that social media addiction and BMI were associated with a higher risk of eating disorders. It may be recommended to provide education about the use and content of social media to reduce the risk of eating disorders among young people by minimizing exposure to unrealistic body images and nutritional misinformation presented to young people on social media. In addition, the risk of eating disorders can be reduced by ensuring that young people reach their ideal body weight.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Addiction, Body Image, Body Weight, Eating Disorder

Kaynakça

• Treasure J, Duarte TA, Schmidt U. Eating disorders. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):899-911.
• Imperatori C, Panno A, Carbone GA, et al. The association between social media addiction and eating disturbances is mediated by muscle dysmorphia-related symptoms: a cross-sectional study in a sample of young adults. Eat Weight Disord- Stud Anorexia, Bulim Obes. 2022;27(3):1131-1140.
• Papadaki A, Hondros G, Scott J, Kapsokefalou M. Eating habits of university students living at, or away from home in Greece. Appetite. 2007;49(1):169-176.
• Chng SCW, Fassnacht DB. Parental comments: Relationship with gender, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in Asian young adults. Body Image. 2016;16:93-99.
• Liu Q, Sun J, Li Q, Zhou Z. Body dissatisfaction and smartphone addiction among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020;108:104613.
• Vartanian LR, Hayward LE, Smyth JM, Paxton SJ, Touyz SW. Risk and resiliency factors related to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: The identity disruption model. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51(4):322-330.
• Aparicio-Martinez, Perea-Moreno, Martinez-Jimenez, Redel-Macías, Pagliari, Vaquero-Abellan. Social media, thin-ideal, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes: an exploratory analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(21):4177.
• Karadağ A, Akçınar B. The relationship between social media addiction and psychological symptoms in university students. J Depend. 2019;20(3):154-166.
• Hadjipanayis A, Efstathiou E, Altorjai P, et al. Social media and children: what is the paediatrician’s role? Eur J Pediatr. 2019;178(10):1605-1612.
• Lerma M, Marquez C, Sandoval K, Cooper TV. Psychosocial correlates of excessive social media use in a hispanic college sample. Cyberpsychology, Behav Soc Netw. 2021;24(11):722-728.
• Baker N, Ferszt G, Breines JG. A qualitative study exploring female college students’ instagram use and body image. Cyberpsychology, Behav Soc Netw. 2019;22(4):277-282.
• Hill LS, Reid F, Morgan JF, Lacey JH. SCOFF, the development of an eating disorder screening questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord. 2010;43(4):344-351.
• Aydemir O, Koksal B, Sapmaz S, Yuceyar H. Reliability and validity of Turkish form of SCOFF Eating Disorders Scale. Anatol J Psychiatry. 2015;16:31-35.
• Secord P, Jourard S. The appraisal of bodycathexis: body cathexis and the self. J Consult Psychol. 1953;17(5):343-347.
• Hovardaoğlu S. Vücut Algısı Ölçeği. Psikofarmakol Derg. 1993;1(1):26–27.
• Tutkun Ünal A, Deniz L. Development of the Social Media Addiction Scale. Online Acad J Inf Technol. 2015;6(21):51-70.
• Lee R, Nieman D. Nutritional Assessment. 3. baskı, McGraw Hill, New York, 2003.
• WHO. Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241501491. Erişim Tarihi: 22.05.2023.
• Lorcu F. Örneklerle Veri Analizi SPSS Uygulamalı. Ed.: Lorcu F. Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2015.
• Mohsenpour MA, Karamizadeh M, Barati-Boldaji R, Ferns GA, Akbarzadeh M. Structural equation modeling of direct and indirect associations of social media addiction with eating behavior in adolescents and young adults. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):3044.
• Latzer Y, Spivak-Lavi Z, Katz R. Disordered eating and media exposure among adolescent girls: the role of parental involvement and sense of empowerment. Int J Adolesc Youth. 2015;20(3):375-391.
• He Z, Yang W. Impulsiveness as potential moderators of the relation between social media dependence and eating disorders risk. BMC Psychol. 2022;10(1):120.
• Radwan H, Hasan HA, Ismat H, et al. Body mass index perception, body image dissatisfaction and their relations with weight-related behaviors among university students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(9):1541.
• El Ansari W, Dibba E, Labeeb S, Stock C. Body image concern and its correlates among male and female undergraduate students at assuit university in Egypt. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;6(5).
• Holland G, Tiggemann M. A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body Image. 2016;17:100-110.
• Hosseini S, Padhy R. Body image distortion. Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
• Uchôa FNM, Uchôa NM, Daniele TM da C, et al. Influence of the mass media and body dissatisfaction on the risk in adolescents of developing eating disorders. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(9):1508.
• Quittkat HL, Hartmann AS, Düsing R, Buhlmann U, Vocks S. Body dissatisfaction, importance of appearance, and body appreciation in men and women over the lifespan. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10.
• Er NT, Doğan G, Meriç ÇS, Yılmaz HÖ, Öztürk ME, Ayhan NY. Prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Health Sciences Faculty students. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2021;46:466-470.
• Haines J, Neumark-Sztainer D. Prevention of obesity and eating disorders: a consideration of shared risk factors. Health Educ Res. 2006;21(6):770-782.
• Jahrami H, Saif Z, Faris MA-I, Levine MP. The relationship between risk of eating disorders, age, gender and body mass index in medical students: a meta-regression. Eat Weight Disord- Stud Anorexia, Bulim Obes. 2019;24(2):169-177.
• Tavolacci M-P, Ladner J, Dechelotte P. COVID-19 Pandemic and Eating Disorders among University Students. Nutrients. 2021;13(12):4294.
• Goldfield GS, Moore C, Henderson K, Buchholz A, Obeid N, Flament MF. Body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, depression, and weight status in adolescents. J Sch Health. 2010;80(4):186-192.
• Vogt Yuan AS. Gender differences in the relationship of puberty with adolescents’ depressive symptoms: Do body perceptions matter? Sex Roles. 2007;57(1–2):69-80.
• Chen X, Luo Y, Chen H. Body image victimization experiences and disordered eating behaviors among chinese female adolescents: the role of body dissatisfaction and depression. Sex Roles. 2020;83(7–8):442-452.