A review about board game expertise: Is intelligence a determinant of expert performance?

Yıl 2024, , 140 - 160, 25.04.2024

Hatice Kübra Aydın

https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438m0000109

Öz

Expertise studies try to understand whether people with superior performance in one area differ from novices or non-experts. At the same time, it has been debated in expertise studies for years whether showing excellent performance in a domain is an innate talent or deliberate practice. Although the most critical determinant of expert performance is considered deliberate practice, when it comes to games including chess, compared to other expertise domains, explanations are primarily aimed at explaining the differences in performance level with intelligence. Therefore, this review is aimed to evaluate the place of cognitive skills associated with intelligence in behavioral studies conducted with various board game players in the context of expertise. As a result, it can be concluded that the determinant of performance in board game expertise should be considered as the interaction of both, not just a cognitive skill such as intelligence or domain-specific deliberate practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Expertise, nature vs. nurture, deliberate practice, intelligence, board game

Masa oyunu uzmanlığı üzerine bir derleme: Zekâ uzman performansın belirleyicisi midir?

Öz

Uzmanlık çalışmaları, temel olarak bir alanda üstün performans sergileyen kişilerin diğer kişilerden farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını anlamaya çalışır. Aynı zamanda bir alanda üstün performans sergilemenin doğuştan gelen bir yeteneğin mi yoksa yoğun bir çalışmanın sonucu mu olduğu konusu uzmanlıkta yıllardır tartışılmaktadır. Uzman performansın en önemli belirleyicisi kasıtlı alıştırmalar olarak görülse de söz konusu satrancın da içinde olduğu oyunlar olduğunda diğer alanlara kıyasla, açıklamalar çoğunlukla performans düzeyindeki farklılıkların sebebini zekâ ile açıklamaya yönelik olmaktadır. Bu nedenle yapılan bu derlemede, çeşitli masa oyunu oyuncularıyla yapılan davranışsal çalışmalarda zekâ ile ilişkilendirilen bilişsel becerilerin yerinin uzmanlık bağlamında değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda, masa oyunu uzmanlığında performansın belirleyicisinin yalnızca zekâ gibi bir bilişsel beceri ya da yalnızca alana özgü yapılan kasıtlı alıştırmalarla değil, her ikisinin etkileşimi olarak ele almak gerektiği çıkarımında bulunmak yanlış olmayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

uzmanlık, doğa- çevre tartışması, kasıtlı alıştırma, zeka, masa oyunu

Kaynakça

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