Üstbilişsel perspektiften depresyon ve tedavisi üzerine bir derleme

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 34 - 43, 25.12.2017

Volkan Koç

Öz

Günümüzde depresyon önemli ve yaygın bir ruh sağlığı problemi olmaya devam etmektedir. Depresyon için standart müdahale farmakoterapi ve psikoterapi olsa da tekrar (nüks) eden depresyonlar önemli bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Klinik psikolojide de yaygınlaşmaya başlayan üstbiliş çalışmaları, tekrar eden depresyonlar ile depresif ruminasyona odaklanmaktadır. Kırk yıl kadar önce ilk kez ortaya konan üstbiliş kavramı ve sonrasında bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar birçok alanda yeni bakış açıları kazandırmıştır. Bireyin kendi bilişine ilişkin bilgisi olarak tanımlanan üstbiliş, depresyonun açıklanmasında da yeni fikirler vermektedir. Özellikle bilişsel içeriğin dışında, bireyin bilişsel süreçlerine vurgu yapılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, klinik psikolojide depresyonun üstbilişsel açıdan nasıl ele alındığı ve tedavisine yönelik bu bilgilerin nasıl kullanıldığı aktarılmıştır. Ayrıca depresyona yönelik yeni müdahale arayışlarının devam ettiği bir dönemde, üstbiliş çalışmalarının psikoterapi ve psikopatolojiye yönelik umut veren yansımalarının neler olabileceği gözden geçirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda üstbilişsel yöntemlerin kendi başına terapötik bir müdahale olma potansiyeli taşıdığı gibi mevcut terapi modellerine destek olacağı olasılığının üzerinde durulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

metacognition, depression, metacognitive therapy, rumination

A review of depression and its treatment from a metacognitive perspective

Öz

Depression has continued to be a major and prevalent mental health problem. Though standard interventions for depression are pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, recurring depression still constitutes a major problem. Metacognition studies that have become widespread in clinical psychology recently have focused on recurring depression and depressive rumination. The term “metacognition” that was firstly introduced approximately four decades ago, and related studies created new perspectives in various fields. Metacognition is defined as the awareness of the individual regarding her/his own cognition and provides insight in understanding depression. It emphasizes not only to cognitive content but also cognitive processes of the individual. In this review, how depression is approached in clinical psychology from a metacognitive perspective and how this information is used for treatment were indicated. Furthermore, in a period that new intervention methods for depression are sought, promising aspects of metacognition studies in regard to psychotherapy and psychopathology were also discussed. In this context, in addition to the possibility of metacognitive methods to be used to support the existing therapy models, its potential as a separate therapeutic intervention method was also discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

metacognition, depression, metacognitive therapy, rumination

Kaynakça

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