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The mediating role of ruminative thinking style in the relationship between self-compassion and psychological symptoms

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 156 - 169, 14.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1274593

Öz

The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of ruminative thinking in the relationship between self-compassion and psychological symptoms. The research was conducted with the predictive correlational method. The participants of the study consisted of a total of 471 people, 353 women (74.9%) and 118 men (25.1%), who were determined by the convenience sampling method. Participants were aged between 18 and 65 (M = 29, SD = 10). Self-Compassion Scale, Ruminative Thought Style Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Sociodemographic Information Form were used as data collection tools in the study. Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to analyze the data, and regression analysis based on the bootstrap method was used to test the mediation effect. As a result of the research, it was determined that ruminative thinking style plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and psychological symptoms. The results of the study were discussed within the framework of the relevant literature, and suggestions were presented for both future research and mental health professionals. It is thought that the findings obtained will contribute to a better understanding of the structure of self-compassion and ruminative thinking when working with psychological symptoms in clinical practice.

Etik Beyan

The research was conducted with the approval of Istanbul Kent University Ethics Committee dated 23.03.2020 and numbered 77083609-100/78.

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, M. J. ve Rapee, R. M. (2004). Post-event rumination and negative self-appraisal in social phobia before and after treatment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(1), 136.
  • Akın, Ü., Akın, A. ve Abacı, R. (2007). Öz-Duyarlık Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(33), 1-10.
  • Allen, A. B. ve Leary, M. R. (2010). Self-compassion, stress, and coping. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4, 107-118.
  • Allen, N. B. ve Knight, W. E. J. (2005). Mindfulness, compassion for self, and compassion for others: Implications for understanding the psychopathology and treatment of depression. P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualisations, research and use in psychotherapy içinde (s. 239-262). Routledge.
  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Rose, D. T., Robinson, M. S. ve Lapkin, J. B. (2000). The Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression Project: Lifetime history of axis I psychopathology in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 403.
  • Anestis, M. D., Anestis, J. C., Selby, E. A. ve Joiner, T. E. (2009). Anger rumination across forms of aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(2), 192-196.
  • Avşaroğlu, S. ve Okutan, H. (2018). Zihin engelli çocuğu olan ailelerin yaşam doyumları, iyimserlik ve psikolojik belirti düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(1), 59-76.
  • Barnard, L. K. ve Curry, J. F. (2011). Self-compassion: Conceptualizations, correlates, and interventions. Review of General Psychology, 15, 289-303.
  • Blagden, J. C. ve Craske, M. G. (1996). Effects of active and passive rumination and distraction: A pilot replication with anxious mood. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10(4), 243-252.
  • Borders, A., Earleywine, M. ve Jajodia, A. (2010). Could mindfulness decrease anger, hostility, and aggression by decreasing rumination? Aggressive Behavior, 36(1), 28-44.
  • Brinker, J. K. ve Dozois, D. J. (2009). Ruminative thought style and depressed mood. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(1), 1-19.
  • Brown, L., Bryant, C., Brown, V., Bei, B. ve Judd, F. (2016). Self-compassion, attitudes to ageing and indicators of health and well-being among midlife women. A- ging & Mental Health, 20(10), 1035-1043.
  • Bugay, A. ve Baker, Ö. E. (2015). Eşli Ruminasyon Ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(43), 106-114.
  • Derogatis, L. R. (1992). The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Administration, scoring & procedures manual-II. Clinical Psychometric Research Inc.
  • Dewsaran-van der Ven, C., van Broeckhuysen-Kloth, S., Thorsell, S., Scholten, R., De Gucht, V. ve Geenen, R. (2018). Self-compassion in somatoform disorder. Psychiatry Research, 262, 34-39.
  • Diong, S., M., Bishop, G., D., Enkelmann, H., Tong, E., Why, Y., Ang, Y., C. ve Khader, M. (2005). Anger, stress, coping, social support and health: Modelling the relationships. Psychology and Health, 20(4), 467-495.
  • Düzgün, Ş. (2010). Öğrencilerin psikolojik belirtileri ile ana-baba tutumları arasındaki ilişkiler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(1-2), 149-162.
  • Ehring, T. ve Watkins, E. R. (2008). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1(3), 192-205.
  • Evans, D. R. ve Segerstrom, S. C. (2011). Why do mindful people worry less? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35(6), 505-510.
  • Faustino, B., Vasco, A. B., Silva, A. N. ve Marques, T. (2020). Relationships between emotional schemas, mindfulness, self-compassion and unconditional self-acceptance on the regulation of psychological needs. Research in Psychotherapy, 23(2), 145-156.
  • Fresnics, A. ve Borders, A. (2017). Angry rumination mediates the unique associations between self-compassion and anger and aggression. Mindfulness, 8(3), 554-564.
  • Grassia, M. ve Gibb, B. E. (2008). Rumination and prospective changes in depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(9), 931-948.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). Sosyal bilimlerde aracı, düzenleyici ve durumsal etki analizleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Harrington, J. A. ve Blankenship, V. (2002). Ruminative thoughts and their relation to depression and anxiety. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(3), 465-485.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis. The Guilford Press.
  • Hilt, L. M., Mclaughlin, K. A. ve Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2010). Examination of the response styles theory in a community sample of young adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(4), 545-556.
  • Hong, W., Abela, J. R., Cohen, J. R., Sheshko, D. M., Shi, X. T., Hamel, A. V. ve Starrs, C. (2010). Rumination as a vulnerability factor to depression in adolescents in mainland China: Lifetime history of clinically significant depressive episodes. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39(6), 849-857.
  • Just, N. ve Alloy, L. B. (1997). The response styles theory of depression: tests and an extension of the theory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(2), 221-229.
  • Kara, H. ve Abay, E. (2000). Kronik ağrıya psikiyatrik yaklaşım. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 1(2), 89-99.
  • Karamustafalıoğlu, O. ve Yumrukçal, H. (2011). Depresyon ve anksiyete bozuklukları. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni, 45(2), 65-74.
  • Karatepe, H. T. (2010). Ruminatif Düşünce Biçimi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Yayınlanmamış uzmanlık tezi). T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, İstanbul.
  • Kuehner, C. ve Weber, I. (1999). Responses to depression in unipolar depressed patients: An investigation of Nolen-Hoeksema's response styles theory. Psychological Medicine, 29(6), 1323-1333.
  • Lam, D. H., Watkins, E. R., Hayward, P., Bright, J., Wright, K., Kerr, N., Parr-Davis, G. ve Sham, P. (2003). A randomized controlled study of cognitive therapy for relapse prevention for bipolar affective disorder: Outcome of the first year. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(2), 145-152.
  • Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A. ve Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5), 887-904.
  • Macbeth, A. ve Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545-552.
  • Mclaughlin, K. A., Borkovec, T. D. ve Sibrava, N. J. (2007). The effects of worry and rumination on affect states and cognitive activity. Behavior Therapy, 38, 23-38.
  • Michl, L. C., Mclaughlin, K. A., Shepherd, K. ve Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety: Longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(2), 339.
  • Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101.
  • Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.
  • Neff, K. D. (2012). The science of self-compassion. C. K. Germer ve R. Siegel (Ed.), Compassion and wisdom in psychotherapy içinde (s. 79-92). Guilford Press.
  • Neff, K. D., Hseih, Y. ve Dejitthirat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4, 263-287.
  • Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L. ve Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139-154.
  • Neff, K. D. ve Vonk, R. (2009). Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 77, 23-50.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 259-282.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569-582.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 504-511.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Parker, L. E. ve Larson, J. (1994). Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67 (1), 92-104.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. ve Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms following a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(3), 115-121.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E. ve Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400-424.
  • Olatunji, B. O., Naragon-Gainey, K. ve Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B. (2013). Specificity of rumination in anxiety and depression: A multimodal meta‐analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 20 (3), 225-257.
  • Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS program (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
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Öz-duyarlık ile psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkide ruminatif düşünce biçiminin aracı rolü

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 156 - 169, 14.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1274593

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı öz-duyarlık ile psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkide ruminatif düşünce biçiminin aracı rolünü incelemektir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeline dayalı yordayıcı korelasyonel yöntemle yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları uygun (kolay ulaşılabilir ) örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen, 353 kadın (%74.9) ve 118 erkek (%25.1) olmak üzere toplam 471 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaşları 18 ile 65 arasındadır (Ort. = 29, SS = 10). Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Öz-duyarlık Ölçeği, Ruminatif Düşünce Biçimi Ölçeği, Kısa Semptom Envanteri ve Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson Korelasyon Analizi, aracılık etkisinin test edilmesinde ise bootstrap yöntemini esas alan regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, ruminatif düşünce biçiminin öz-duyarlık ile psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkide aracı rol üstlendiği bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları ilgili alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılarak hem sonraki araştırmalar hem de ruh sağlığı çalışanları için öneriler sunulmuştur. Elde edilen bulguların klinik uygulamalarda psikolojik belirtilerle çalışılırken öz-duyarlığın ve ruminatif düşünce biçiminin yapısının daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Araştırma İstanbul Kent Üniversitesi Etik Kurulunun 23.03.2020 tarih ve 77083609-100/78 sayılı onayı alınarak yürütülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, M. J. ve Rapee, R. M. (2004). Post-event rumination and negative self-appraisal in social phobia before and after treatment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(1), 136.
  • Akın, Ü., Akın, A. ve Abacı, R. (2007). Öz-Duyarlık Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(33), 1-10.
  • Allen, A. B. ve Leary, M. R. (2010). Self-compassion, stress, and coping. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4, 107-118.
  • Allen, N. B. ve Knight, W. E. J. (2005). Mindfulness, compassion for self, and compassion for others: Implications for understanding the psychopathology and treatment of depression. P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualisations, research and use in psychotherapy içinde (s. 239-262). Routledge.
  • Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Rose, D. T., Robinson, M. S. ve Lapkin, J. B. (2000). The Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression Project: Lifetime history of axis I psychopathology in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 403.
  • Anestis, M. D., Anestis, J. C., Selby, E. A. ve Joiner, T. E. (2009). Anger rumination across forms of aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(2), 192-196.
  • Avşaroğlu, S. ve Okutan, H. (2018). Zihin engelli çocuğu olan ailelerin yaşam doyumları, iyimserlik ve psikolojik belirti düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(1), 59-76.
  • Barnard, L. K. ve Curry, J. F. (2011). Self-compassion: Conceptualizations, correlates, and interventions. Review of General Psychology, 15, 289-303.
  • Blagden, J. C. ve Craske, M. G. (1996). Effects of active and passive rumination and distraction: A pilot replication with anxious mood. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10(4), 243-252.
  • Borders, A., Earleywine, M. ve Jajodia, A. (2010). Could mindfulness decrease anger, hostility, and aggression by decreasing rumination? Aggressive Behavior, 36(1), 28-44.
  • Brinker, J. K. ve Dozois, D. J. (2009). Ruminative thought style and depressed mood. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(1), 1-19.
  • Brown, L., Bryant, C., Brown, V., Bei, B. ve Judd, F. (2016). Self-compassion, attitudes to ageing and indicators of health and well-being among midlife women. A- ging & Mental Health, 20(10), 1035-1043.
  • Bugay, A. ve Baker, Ö. E. (2015). Eşli Ruminasyon Ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(43), 106-114.
  • Derogatis, L. R. (1992). The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Administration, scoring & procedures manual-II. Clinical Psychometric Research Inc.
  • Dewsaran-van der Ven, C., van Broeckhuysen-Kloth, S., Thorsell, S., Scholten, R., De Gucht, V. ve Geenen, R. (2018). Self-compassion in somatoform disorder. Psychiatry Research, 262, 34-39.
  • Diong, S., M., Bishop, G., D., Enkelmann, H., Tong, E., Why, Y., Ang, Y., C. ve Khader, M. (2005). Anger, stress, coping, social support and health: Modelling the relationships. Psychology and Health, 20(4), 467-495.
  • Düzgün, Ş. (2010). Öğrencilerin psikolojik belirtileri ile ana-baba tutumları arasındaki ilişkiler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(1-2), 149-162.
  • Ehring, T. ve Watkins, E. R. (2008). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1(3), 192-205.
  • Evans, D. R. ve Segerstrom, S. C. (2011). Why do mindful people worry less? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35(6), 505-510.
  • Faustino, B., Vasco, A. B., Silva, A. N. ve Marques, T. (2020). Relationships between emotional schemas, mindfulness, self-compassion and unconditional self-acceptance on the regulation of psychological needs. Research in Psychotherapy, 23(2), 145-156.
  • Fresnics, A. ve Borders, A. (2017). Angry rumination mediates the unique associations between self-compassion and anger and aggression. Mindfulness, 8(3), 554-564.
  • Grassia, M. ve Gibb, B. E. (2008). Rumination and prospective changes in depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(9), 931-948.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). Sosyal bilimlerde aracı, düzenleyici ve durumsal etki analizleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Harrington, J. A. ve Blankenship, V. (2002). Ruminative thoughts and their relation to depression and anxiety. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(3), 465-485.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis. The Guilford Press.
  • Hilt, L. M., Mclaughlin, K. A. ve Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2010). Examination of the response styles theory in a community sample of young adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(4), 545-556.
  • Hong, W., Abela, J. R., Cohen, J. R., Sheshko, D. M., Shi, X. T., Hamel, A. V. ve Starrs, C. (2010). Rumination as a vulnerability factor to depression in adolescents in mainland China: Lifetime history of clinically significant depressive episodes. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39(6), 849-857.
  • Just, N. ve Alloy, L. B. (1997). The response styles theory of depression: tests and an extension of the theory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(2), 221-229.
  • Kara, H. ve Abay, E. (2000). Kronik ağrıya psikiyatrik yaklaşım. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 1(2), 89-99.
  • Karamustafalıoğlu, O. ve Yumrukçal, H. (2011). Depresyon ve anksiyete bozuklukları. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni, 45(2), 65-74.
  • Karatepe, H. T. (2010). Ruminatif Düşünce Biçimi Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Yayınlanmamış uzmanlık tezi). T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, İstanbul.
  • Kuehner, C. ve Weber, I. (1999). Responses to depression in unipolar depressed patients: An investigation of Nolen-Hoeksema's response styles theory. Psychological Medicine, 29(6), 1323-1333.
  • Lam, D. H., Watkins, E. R., Hayward, P., Bright, J., Wright, K., Kerr, N., Parr-Davis, G. ve Sham, P. (2003). A randomized controlled study of cognitive therapy for relapse prevention for bipolar affective disorder: Outcome of the first year. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(2), 145-152.
  • Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A. ve Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5), 887-904.
  • Macbeth, A. ve Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545-552.
  • Mclaughlin, K. A., Borkovec, T. D. ve Sibrava, N. J. (2007). The effects of worry and rumination on affect states and cognitive activity. Behavior Therapy, 38, 23-38.
  • Michl, L. C., Mclaughlin, K. A., Shepherd, K. ve Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety: Longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(2), 339.
  • Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101.
  • Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.
  • Neff, K. D. (2012). The science of self-compassion. C. K. Germer ve R. Siegel (Ed.), Compassion and wisdom in psychotherapy içinde (s. 79-92). Guilford Press.
  • Neff, K. D., Hseih, Y. ve Dejitthirat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4, 263-287.
  • Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L. ve Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139-154.
  • Neff, K. D. ve Vonk, R. (2009). Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 77, 23-50.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 259-282.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569-582.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 504-511.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Parker, L. E. ve Larson, J. (1994). Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67 (1), 92-104.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. ve Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms following a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(3), 115-121.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E. ve Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400-424.
  • Olatunji, B. O., Naragon-Gainey, K. ve Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B. (2013). Specificity of rumination in anxiety and depression: A multimodal meta‐analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 20 (3), 225-257.
  • Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS program (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Raes, F., Hermans, D., Williams, J. M. G., Beyers, W., Brunfaut, E. ve Eelen, P. (2006). Reduced autobiographical memory specificity and rumination in predicting the course of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 699-704.
  • Raes, P. (2010). Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self-compassion and depression and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 757-761.
  • Samaie, G. H. ve Farahani, H. A.(2011). Self-compassion as a moderator of the relationship between rumination, self-reflection and stress. Social and Behavioral Sciences 30, 978-982.
  • Segerstrom, C. S., Tsao, C. I. J., Alden, E. L. ve Craske, G. M. (2000). Worry and rumination: Repetitive thought as a concomitant and predictor of negative mood. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(6), 671-688.
  • Smith, T. W., Pope, M. K., Sanders, J. D., Allred, K. D. ve O’keeffe, J. L. (1988). Cynical hostility at home and work: Psychosocial vulnerability across domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 22, 525-548.
  • Spasojevic, J. ve Alloy, L. B. (2001). Rumination as a common mechanism relating depressive risk factors to depression. Emotion, 1, 25-37.
  • Şahin, N. H. ve Durak, A. (1994). Kısa Semptom Envanteri: Türk gençleri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(31), 44-56.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
  • Tuğlacı, P. (2002). Tıp sözlüğü (9. baskı). Türkmen Kitabevi.
  • Watkins, E. R. (2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 163-206.
  • Wong, Q. J. ve Moulds, M. L. (2009). Impact of rumination versus distraction on anxiety and maladaptive self-beliefs in socially anxious individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(10), 861-867.
  • Yapan, S. (2018). Depresyon ve anksiyete belirtilerinin yordayıcıları olarak ruminasyon, otomatik düşünceler, işlevsel olmayan tutumlar ve düşünce baskılama (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi, Gaziantep.
  • Yaya, B., Ergün, D. ve Yılmaz, B. (2019). Akademisyenlerde sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre mobbing, psikosomatik belirtiler ve ruminatif düşünce biçiminin incelenmesi. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(3), 139-44.
  • Yılmaz, A. E. (2015). Endişe ve ruminasyonun kaygı ve depresyon belirtileri üzerindeki rolü. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 26(5), 107-115.
  • Ying, Y. W. (2009). Contribution of self-compassion to competence and mental health in social work students. Journal of Social Work Education, 45, 309-323.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Elif Özcan Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3309-3226

Ahmet Sapancı Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4688-6890

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özcan, E., & Sapancı, A. (2023). Öz-duyarlık ile psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkide ruminatif düşünce biçiminin aracı rolü. Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(2), 156-169. https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1274593