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İnternet Tabanlı Müdahalelere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 224 - 239, 25.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1241899

Öz

Psikolojik yardım alanındaki internet tabanlı müdahaleler; psikolojik bozuklukları önlemek, tedavi etmek ya da kullanıcıların iyi oluş düzeylerini ve başa çıkma becerilerini artırmak amacıyla, etkisi bilimsel olarak kanıtlanmış psikoterapötik müdahalelerin, çevrimiçi web sayfası, mobil uygulama ya da bilgisayar yazılımları aracılığı ile kullanıcının genelde ruh sağlığı uzmanı olan bir rehber eşliğinde ya da tamamen kendi başına kullanabileceği biçimde sunulmasıdır. Bu çalışmada internet tabanlı müdahalelere yönelik tutumların değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan E-Terapi Tutumları Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcı grubu 414 (313 kadın ve 101 erkek) üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları, genel olarak, orijinal ölçeğin yapısını doğrulamaktadır. Geliştiricisinin izni ile İnternet Tabanlı Müdahalelere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği olarak yeniden isimlendirilen ölçek “Algılanan Kullanışlılık ve Yararlılık” ve “Göreceli Avantaj ve Karşılaştırılabilirlik” alt boyutlarından oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin mevcut verideki güvenirliğini belirlemek için yapılan analizlerde, ölçeğin tamamına ilişkin iç tutarlık katsayısının yeterli olduğu ve test tekrar test uygulamasına göre ölçme aracının sonuçlarının zamana göre değişmediği bulunmuştur. On altı maddeden oluşan ölçme aracı, bireylerin internet tabanlı müdahalelere yönelik tutumlarını değerlendirmek için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir değerlendirme aracıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, H. (2022). Web tabanlı psikolojik destek uygulamaları üzerine minör bir değerlendirme: Avantajlar-sınırlılıklar. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 414-423.
  • Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M., Lohmann, S. ve Albarracín, D. (2018). The influence of attitudes on behavior. The handbook of attitudes (2. baskı) içinde (s. 197-255). Routledge.
  • Amanvermez, Y., Karyotaki, E., Cuijpers, P., Salemink, E., Spinhoven, P., Struijs, S. ve de Wit, L. M. (2021). Feasibility and acceptability of a guided internet-based stress management intervention for university students with high levels of stress: Protocol for an open trial. Internet Interventions, 24, 100369.
  • Apolinário-Hagen, J., Harrer, M., Kählke, F., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C. ve Ebert, D. D. (2018). Public attitudes toward guided internet-based therapies: Web-based survey study. JMIR Mental Health, 5(2), e10735.
  • Apolinário-Hagen, J., Hennemann, S., Fritsche, L., Drüge, M. ve Breil, B. (2019). Determinant factors of public acceptance of stress management apps: Survey study. JMIR Mental Health, 6(11), e15373.
  • Apolinário-Hagen, J., Vehreschild, V. ve Alkoudmani, R. M. (2017). Current views and perspectives on e-mental health: An exploratory survey study for understanding public attitudes toward internet-based psychotherapy in Germany. JMIR Mental Health, 4(1), e8.
  • Bantjes, J., Kazdin, A. E., Cuijpers, P., Breet, E., Dunn-Coetzee, M., Davids, C., Stein, D. J. ve Kessler, R. C. (2021). A web-based group cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for symptoms of anxiety and depression among university students: Open-label, pragmatic trial. JMIR Mental Health, 8(5), e27400.
  • Berger, T., Caspar, F., Richardson, R., Kneubühler, B., Sutter, D. ve Andersson, G. (2011). Internet-based treatment of social phobia: A randomized controlled trial comparing unguided with two types of guided self-help. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(3), 158-169.
  • Buğa, A. ve Hamamcı, Z. (2016). Bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşıma dayalı web tabanlı interaktif ve geleneksel psiko-eğitim programlarının çocukların bilişsel hatalarına ve psikolojik belirtilerine etkisi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 15(3), 783-809.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık
  • Clough, B. A., Eigeland, J. A., Madden, I. R., Rowland, D. ve Casey, L. M. (2019). Development of the eTAP: A brief measure of attitudes and process in e-interventions for mental health. Internet Interventions, 18, 1-12.
  • Comer, J. S., Furr, J. M., Cooper-Vince, C. E., Kerns, C. E., Chan, P. T., Edson, A. L., Khanna, M., Franklin, M. E., Garcia, A. M. ve Freeman, J. B. (2014). Internet-delivered, family-based treatment for early-onset OCD: A preliminary case series. Journal of Clinical Child ve Adolescent Psychology, 43(1), 74-87.
  • Cuijpers, P. ve Schuurmans, J. (2007). Self-help interventions for anxiety disorders: An overview. Current Psychiatry Reports, 9(4), 284-290.
  • Çetintulum-Huyut, B. (2019). Anksiyete bozukluklarının tedavisinde internet tabanlı bilişsel davranışçı terapi uygulamaları. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(6), 251-263.
  • Çokluk, Ö. S., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, S. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. PEGEM Yayıncılık.
  • Durdu Akgün, B., Aktaç, A. ve Yorulmaz, O. (2019). Ruh sağlığında mobil uygulamalar: Etkinliğe yönelik sistematik bir gözden geçirme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 11(4), 519-530.
  • Ebert, D. D., Mortier, P., Kaehlke, F., Bruffaerts, R., Baumeister, H., Auerbach, R. P., Alonso, J., Vilagut, G., Martínez, K. I., Lochner, C., Cuijpers, P., Kuechler, A. M., Green, J., Hasking, P., Lapsley, C., Sampson, N. A., Kessler, R. C. ve WHO World Mental Health-International College Student Initiative collaborators (2019). Barriers of mental health treatment utilization among first‐year college students: First cross‐national results from the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 28(2), e1782.
  • Eisenberg, D., Gollust, S. E., Golberstein, E. ve Hefner, J. L. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77(4), 534-542.
  • Emmelkamp, P. M. G. ve Meyerbröker, K. (2021). Virtual reality therapy in mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 17(1), 495-519.
  • Erkuş, A. (2014). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-I (Measurement in psychology and scale development-I). Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Ferreri, F., Bourla, A., Peretti, C.-S., Segawa, T., Jaafari, N. ve Mouchabac, S. (2019). How new technologies can improve prediction, assessment, and intervention in obsessive-compulsive disorder (e-OCD): Review. JMIR Mental Health, 6(12), e11643.
  • Freeman, D., Reeve, S., Robinson, A., Ehlers, A., Clark, D., Spanlang, B. ve Slater, M. (2017). Virtual reality in the assessment, understanding, and treatment of mental health disorders. Psychological Medicine, 47(14), 2393-2400.
  • Galffy, M., Bichler, C., Mohr, T., Egeter, J., Neu, L., Oberhammer, M., Högl, B., Deisenhammer, E. A., Sperner-Unterweger, B. ve Hüfner, K. (2022). Ad hoc setup of an online mental health self-help program during the COVID-19 pandemic: Description of the development and implementation processes and analysis of its users’ and usage profiles. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 853371.
  • Göcek-Yorulmaz, E. (2020). Obsesif kompulsif bozukluk için bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşıma dayanan internet destekli bir kendine yardım programı geliştirme ve etkililiğini araştırma (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • Hamamcı, Z. (2007). Online psikolojik danışma (E-terapi). R. Özyürek, F. Korkut Owen ve D. Owen (Ed.), Gelişen psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik, meslekleşme sürecinde ilerlemeler Cilt 1. Nobel Yayın.
  • Hambleton, R. K. ve Patsula, L. (1998). Adapting tests for use in multiple languages and cultures. Social Indicators Research, 151-171.
  • Hoermann, S., McCabe, K. L., Milne, D. N. ve Calvo, R. A. (2017). Application of synchronous text-based dialogue systems in mental health interventions: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(8), e267.
  • Hustad, J. T. P., Barnett, N. P., Borsari, B. ve Jackson, K. M. (2010). Web-based alcohol prevention for incoming college students: A randomized controlled trial. Addictive Behaviors, 35(3), 183-189.
  • Karyotaki, E., Efthimiou, O., Miguel, C., Bermpohl, F. M. G., Furukawa, T. A., Cuijpers, P., Individual Patient Data Meta-Analyses for Depression (IPDMA-DE) Collaboration, Riper, H., Patel, V., Mira, A., Gemmil, A. W., Yeung, A. S.,
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  • Khan, K., Hall, C. L., Davies, E. B., Hollis, C. ve Glazebrook, C. (2019). The effectiveness of web-based interventions delivered to children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(11), e13478.
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Turkish Adaptation of E-Therapy Attitudes Measure: Validity and reliability study

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 224 - 239, 25.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1241899

Öz

Internet-based interventions in the field of psychological help means presenting scientifically proven psychotherapeutic interventions to prevent and treat psychological disorders or to increase the well-being and coping skills of users, through an online web page, mobile application or computer software generally with a guide who is a mental health professional or in a form that users can use on their own. In this study, the Turkish adaptation of the e-Therapy Attitudes Measure, which is used to evaluate attitudes towards internet-based interventions, was carried out. The participant group of the research consisted of 414 (313 females and 101 males) university students. The obtained confirmatory factor analysis results generally confirmed the structure of the original scale. The scale, renamed the Attitudes Towards Internet-Based Interventions Scale with the author's permission, consisted of "Perceived Usefulness and Usefulness" and "Relative Advantage and Comparability" sub-dimensions. In the analyzes performed to determine the reliability of the scale in the existing data, it was found that the internal consistency coefficient for the whole scale was sufficient for the whole scale and the results of the measurement tool did not change over time according to the test-retest application. The measurement tool, which consists of 16 items, is a valid and reliable assessment tool that can be used to evaluate individuals' attitudes towards internet-based interventions.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, H. (2022). Web tabanlı psikolojik destek uygulamaları üzerine minör bir değerlendirme: Avantajlar-sınırlılıklar. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 414-423.
  • Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M., Lohmann, S. ve Albarracín, D. (2018). The influence of attitudes on behavior. The handbook of attitudes (2. baskı) içinde (s. 197-255). Routledge.
  • Amanvermez, Y., Karyotaki, E., Cuijpers, P., Salemink, E., Spinhoven, P., Struijs, S. ve de Wit, L. M. (2021). Feasibility and acceptability of a guided internet-based stress management intervention for university students with high levels of stress: Protocol for an open trial. Internet Interventions, 24, 100369.
  • Apolinário-Hagen, J., Harrer, M., Kählke, F., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C. ve Ebert, D. D. (2018). Public attitudes toward guided internet-based therapies: Web-based survey study. JMIR Mental Health, 5(2), e10735.
  • Apolinário-Hagen, J., Hennemann, S., Fritsche, L., Drüge, M. ve Breil, B. (2019). Determinant factors of public acceptance of stress management apps: Survey study. JMIR Mental Health, 6(11), e15373.
  • Apolinário-Hagen, J., Vehreschild, V. ve Alkoudmani, R. M. (2017). Current views and perspectives on e-mental health: An exploratory survey study for understanding public attitudes toward internet-based psychotherapy in Germany. JMIR Mental Health, 4(1), e8.
  • Bantjes, J., Kazdin, A. E., Cuijpers, P., Breet, E., Dunn-Coetzee, M., Davids, C., Stein, D. J. ve Kessler, R. C. (2021). A web-based group cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for symptoms of anxiety and depression among university students: Open-label, pragmatic trial. JMIR Mental Health, 8(5), e27400.
  • Berger, T., Caspar, F., Richardson, R., Kneubühler, B., Sutter, D. ve Andersson, G. (2011). Internet-based treatment of social phobia: A randomized controlled trial comparing unguided with two types of guided self-help. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(3), 158-169.
  • Buğa, A. ve Hamamcı, Z. (2016). Bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşıma dayalı web tabanlı interaktif ve geleneksel psiko-eğitim programlarının çocukların bilişsel hatalarına ve psikolojik belirtilerine etkisi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 15(3), 783-809.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık
  • Clough, B. A., Eigeland, J. A., Madden, I. R., Rowland, D. ve Casey, L. M. (2019). Development of the eTAP: A brief measure of attitudes and process in e-interventions for mental health. Internet Interventions, 18, 1-12.
  • Comer, J. S., Furr, J. M., Cooper-Vince, C. E., Kerns, C. E., Chan, P. T., Edson, A. L., Khanna, M., Franklin, M. E., Garcia, A. M. ve Freeman, J. B. (2014). Internet-delivered, family-based treatment for early-onset OCD: A preliminary case series. Journal of Clinical Child ve Adolescent Psychology, 43(1), 74-87.
  • Cuijpers, P. ve Schuurmans, J. (2007). Self-help interventions for anxiety disorders: An overview. Current Psychiatry Reports, 9(4), 284-290.
  • Çetintulum-Huyut, B. (2019). Anksiyete bozukluklarının tedavisinde internet tabanlı bilişsel davranışçı terapi uygulamaları. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(6), 251-263.
  • Çokluk, Ö. S., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, S. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. PEGEM Yayıncılık.
  • Durdu Akgün, B., Aktaç, A. ve Yorulmaz, O. (2019). Ruh sağlığında mobil uygulamalar: Etkinliğe yönelik sistematik bir gözden geçirme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 11(4), 519-530.
  • Ebert, D. D., Mortier, P., Kaehlke, F., Bruffaerts, R., Baumeister, H., Auerbach, R. P., Alonso, J., Vilagut, G., Martínez, K. I., Lochner, C., Cuijpers, P., Kuechler, A. M., Green, J., Hasking, P., Lapsley, C., Sampson, N. A., Kessler, R. C. ve WHO World Mental Health-International College Student Initiative collaborators (2019). Barriers of mental health treatment utilization among first‐year college students: First cross‐national results from the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 28(2), e1782.
  • Eisenberg, D., Gollust, S. E., Golberstein, E. ve Hefner, J. L. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77(4), 534-542.
  • Emmelkamp, P. M. G. ve Meyerbröker, K. (2021). Virtual reality therapy in mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 17(1), 495-519.
  • Erkuş, A. (2014). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-I (Measurement in psychology and scale development-I). Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Ferreri, F., Bourla, A., Peretti, C.-S., Segawa, T., Jaafari, N. ve Mouchabac, S. (2019). How new technologies can improve prediction, assessment, and intervention in obsessive-compulsive disorder (e-OCD): Review. JMIR Mental Health, 6(12), e11643.
  • Freeman, D., Reeve, S., Robinson, A., Ehlers, A., Clark, D., Spanlang, B. ve Slater, M. (2017). Virtual reality in the assessment, understanding, and treatment of mental health disorders. Psychological Medicine, 47(14), 2393-2400.
  • Galffy, M., Bichler, C., Mohr, T., Egeter, J., Neu, L., Oberhammer, M., Högl, B., Deisenhammer, E. A., Sperner-Unterweger, B. ve Hüfner, K. (2022). Ad hoc setup of an online mental health self-help program during the COVID-19 pandemic: Description of the development and implementation processes and analysis of its users’ and usage profiles. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 853371.
  • Göcek-Yorulmaz, E. (2020). Obsesif kompulsif bozukluk için bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşıma dayanan internet destekli bir kendine yardım programı geliştirme ve etkililiğini araştırma (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  • Hamamcı, Z. (2007). Online psikolojik danışma (E-terapi). R. Özyürek, F. Korkut Owen ve D. Owen (Ed.), Gelişen psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik, meslekleşme sürecinde ilerlemeler Cilt 1. Nobel Yayın.
  • Hambleton, R. K. ve Patsula, L. (1998). Adapting tests for use in multiple languages and cultures. Social Indicators Research, 151-171.
  • Hoermann, S., McCabe, K. L., Milne, D. N. ve Calvo, R. A. (2017). Application of synchronous text-based dialogue systems in mental health interventions: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(8), e267.
  • Hustad, J. T. P., Barnett, N. P., Borsari, B. ve Jackson, K. M. (2010). Web-based alcohol prevention for incoming college students: A randomized controlled trial. Addictive Behaviors, 35(3), 183-189.
  • Karyotaki, E., Efthimiou, O., Miguel, C., Bermpohl, F. M. G., Furukawa, T. A., Cuijpers, P., Individual Patient Data Meta-Analyses for Depression (IPDMA-DE) Collaboration, Riper, H., Patel, V., Mira, A., Gemmil, A. W., Yeung, A. S.,
  • Lange, A., Williams, A. D., Mackinnon, A., Geraedts, A., van Straten, A., Meyer, B., Björkelund, C., … Forsell, Y. (2021). Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: A systematic review and individual patient data network meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(4), 361-371.
  • Khan, K., Hall, C. L., Davies, E. B., Hollis, C. ve Glazebrook, C. (2019). The effectiveness of web-based interventions delivered to children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(11), e13478.
  • Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press.
  • Lai, M. H., Maniam, T., Chan, L. F. ve Ravindran, A. V. (2014). Caught in the web: A review of web-based suicide prevention. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(1), e2973.
  • Linardon, J., Shatte, A., Tepper, H. ve Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2020). A survey study of attitudes toward, and preferences for, e‐therapy interventions for eating disorder psychopathology. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53(6), 907-916.
  • Mançe Çalışır, Ö. ve Can, N. (2021). Dijital ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinde güncel durum: Üniversite öğrencilerine sunulan hizmetlerle ilgili bir derleme. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 2013-2033.
  • Mehrotra, S., Sudhir, P. M., C. R., S. K., Thirthalli, J., Rao, G. N., Srikanth, T. K. ve Gandotra, A. (2017). Profile of seekers of an internet-based self-help program for depression in India: Observations and implications. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 4(9), 3202-3212.
  • Musiat, P., Goldstone, P. ve Tarrier, N. (2014). Understanding the acceptability of e-mental health—Attitudes and expectations towards computerised self-help treatments for mental health problems. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1), 109.
  • Nunnally, J. C. ve Bernstein, I. H. (1994): Psychometric theory (3. baskı). McGraw-Hill.
  • Özer, Ö. ve Ceyhan, A. A. (2021). Kendi kendine yardım temelli çevrimiçi psikososyal destek platformunun geliştirilmesi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 4(2), 371-386.
  • Philippe, T. J., Sikder, N., Jackson, A., Koblanski, M. E., Liow, E., Pilarinos, A. ve Vasarhelyi, K. (2022). Digital health interventions for delivery of mental health care: Systematic and comprehensive meta-review. JMIR Mental Health, 9(5), e35159.
  • Pikkemaat, M., Thulesius, H. ve Milos Nymberg, V. (2021). Swedish primary care physicians’ intentions to use telemedicine: A survey using a new questionnaire – Physician attitudes and intentions to use telemedicine (PAIT). International Journal of General Medicine, 14, 3445-3455.
  • Piri, S. (2011). İnternet tabanlı psikolojik hizmetler ve bu alana özgü etik ilkeler: Bir gözden geçirme. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 213-231.
  • Rathenau, S., Sousa, D., Vaz, A. ve Geller, S. (2022). The effect of attitudes toward online therapy and the difficulties perceived in online therapeutic presence. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 32(1), 19-33.
  • Romero, D., Johansson, M., Hermansson, U. ve Lindner, P. (2021). Impact of users’ attitudes toward anonymous internet interventions for cannabis vs. alcohol use: A secondary analysis of data from two clinical trials. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 730153.
  • Schröder, J., Berger, T., Meyer, B., Lutz, W., Späth, C., Michel, P., Rose, M., Hautzinger, M., Hohagen, F., Klein, J. P. ve Moritz, S. (2018). Impact and change of attitudes toward internet interventions within a randomized controlled trial on individuals with depression symptoms. Depression and Anxiety, 35(5), 421-430.
  • Schröder, J., Sautier, L., Kriston, L., Berger, T., Meyer, B., Späth, C., Köther, U., Nestoriuc, Y., Klein, J. P. ve Moritz, S. (2015). Development of a questionnaire measuring attitudes towards psychological online interventions–the APOI. Journal of Affective Disorders, 187, 136-141.
  • Schumacher, R. E. ve Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modelling (2. baskı). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Skaczkowski, G., Kruk, S. van der, Loxton, S., Hughes-Barton, D., Howell, C., Turnbull, D., Jensen, N., Smout, M. ve Gunn, K. (2022). Web-based interventions to help australian adults address depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and general mental well-being: Scoping review. JMIR Mental Health, 9(2), e31018.
  • Sridharan, V., Shoda, Y., Heffner, J. ve Bricker, J. (2019). A pilot randomized controlled trial of a web-based growth mindset intervention to enhance the effectiveness of a smartphone app for smoking cessation. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 7(7), e14602.
  • Staeck, R., Drüge, M., Albisser, S. ve Watzke, B. (2022). Acceptance of e-mental health interventions and its determinants among psychotherapists-in-training during the first phase of COVID-19. Internet Interventions, 29, 100555.
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6. baskı). Pearson.
  • Teles, S., Ferreira, A. ve Paúl, C. (2021). Assessing attitudes towards online psychoeducational interventions: Psychometric properties of a Brief Attitudes Scale. Health ve Social Care in the Community, 29(5), e1-e10.
  • The Lancet Digital Health. (2022). Mental health in the digital age. The Lancet Digital Health, 4(11), e765.
  • Titov, N., Andrews, G., Choi, I., Schwencke, G. ve Johnston, L. (2009). Randomized controlled trial of web-based treatment of social phobia without clinician guidance. Australian ve New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(10), 913-919.
  • Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B. ve Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478.
  • World Health Organization. (2022). World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/356119
  • Zeren, Ş. G. ve Bulut, E. (2018). Çevrimiçi psikolojik danışmada etik ve standartlar: Bir model önerisi. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 8(49), 63-80.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ömer Özer 0000-0003-2740-2723

Burak Köksal 0000-0003-2447-0923

Ahmet Altınok 0000-0001-8168-2792

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ağustos 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özer, Ö., Köksal, B., & Altınok, A. (2024). İnternet Tabanlı Müdahalelere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Journal of Clinical Psychology Research, 8(2), 224-239. https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1241899