Influence of Graft Copolymerization Initiators on the Morphology and Wettability of VA/CG-g-EGD Membranes

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 304 - 319, 31.12.2025

Gülcan Geyik , Fatma Kurşun Baysak

https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1808054

https://izlik.org/JA33AM83JK

Öz

The development of hybrid polymeric membranes with tunable surface properties is crucial for advanced separation and controlled release technologies. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol)/(κ-carrageenan-graft-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (VA/CG-g-EGD) membranes were prepared by blending poly(vinyl alcohol) (VA) with κ-carrageenan-graft-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (CG-g-EGD) copolymers synthesized using different initiators: cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN), ammonium persulfate (APS), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The aim was to examine how the initiator type influences grafting efficiency and, consequently, the morphology and surface characteristics of the membranes.
AFM and contact angle analyses revealed that the initiator type significantly affected surface roughness and wettability. Among the initiators, BPO produced the most uniform surface, whereas CAN yielded a rougher morphology with lower grafting efficiency. Compared to pristine VA membranes, the VA/CG-g-EGD membranes exhibited smoother, more stable surfaces with a tunable hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance, confirming the successful grafting.
These findings demonstrate that controlling grafting parameters effectively enhances membrane surface performance. The improved surface integrity and morphological stability make VA/CG-g-EGD membranes promising candidates for pervaporation-based separations and drug-delivery applications requiring selective permeability and mechanical durability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Atomic force microscopy , contact angle , poly(vinyl alcohol) , initiator

Destekleyen Kurum

Kırklareli Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

DPT-2010K121120, KLUBAP-204, and KLUBAP-264.

Teşekkür

The authors express their gratitude to the Kırklareli University Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center (ITUAM) for granting access to the facilities utilized in this work. Appreciation is also extended to the Kırklareli University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit for their financial support under project numbers DPT-2010K121120, KLUBAP-204, and KLUBAP-264.

Aşı Kopolimerizasyon Başlatıcılarının VA/CG-g-EGD Membranlarının Morfolojisi ve Islatılabilirliği Üzerindeki Etkisi

https://izlik.org/JA33AM83JK

Öz

Ayarlanabilir yüzey özelliklerine sahip hibrit polimerik membranların geliştirilmesi, ileri düzey ayırma ve kontrollü salım teknolojileri açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı başlatıcılar olan seryum amonyum nitrat (CAN), amonyum persülfat (APS) ve benzoil peroksit (BPO) kullanılarak κ-karragenan (CG) üzerine sentezlenen κ-karragenan-aşı-etilen glikol dimetakrilat (CG-g-EGD) kopolimerleri, poli(vinil alkol) (VA) ile karıştırılarak poli(vinil alkol)/(κ-karragenan-greft-etilen glikol dimetakrilat (VA/CG-g-EGD) membranları hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, başlatıcı tipinin aşı verimliliğini ve buna bağlı olarak elde edilen membranların morfolojik ve yüzey özelliklerini nasıl etkilediğini incelemektir.
AFM ve temas açısı analizleri, başlatıcı türünün yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve ıslanabilirlik üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Başlatıcılar arasında, BPO en homojen yüzey yapısını oluştururken, CAN daha düşük aşı verimliliğine sahip daha pürüzlü bir morfoloji üretmiştir. Saf VA membranlara kıyasla, sentezlenen VA/CG-g-EGD membranları daha düzgün, daha kararlı yüzeyler ve ayarlanabilir hidrofilik–hidrofobik denge sergileyerek başarılı aşı polimerizasyonunu doğrulamıştır.
Elde edilen sonuçlar, aşı polimerizasyon parametrelerinin kontrolünün membran yüzey performansını etkili biçimde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir. Gelişmiş yüzey bütünlüğü ve morfolojik kararlılık, VA/CG-g-EGD membranlarını pervaporasyon temelli ayırma ve seçici geçirgenlik ile mekanik dayanım gerektiren ilaç salım uygulamaları için umut vadeden adaylar haline getirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Atomik kuvvet mikroskobu , temas açısı , poli(vinil alkol) , başlatıcı

Destekleyen Kurum

Kırklareli Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

DPT-2010K121120, KLUBAP-204, and KLUBAP-264.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, bu çalışmada kullanılan tesislere erişim imkânı sağlayan Kırklareli Üniversitesi İleri Teknolojiler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi'ne (İTÜAM) teşekkürlerini sunarlar. Ayrıca, DPT-2010K121120, KLUBAP-204 ve KLUBAP-264 proje numaraları kapsamındaki mali destekleri için Kırklareli Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi'ne de teşekkürlerini sunarlar.

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