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Flue Gas Desulfurization Scrubbers in Heavy Diesel Combustion Plants

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 237 - 253, 31.12.2023

Tevfik Gemci

https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1297543

Öz

Through the purification technology of flue gas desulfurization, ultralow emissions of SO2 flue gas in industrial flue gas can be achieved. In this article, wet flue gas desulphurization (FGD) processes using limestone (calcium carbonate CaCO3) and caustic (sodium hydroxide NaOH) as absorption solution are introduced in terms of fluid mechanics and mass transfer phenomena as well as absorption unit processes. Also initial investment and operation costs are compared for wet flue gas desulphurization processes using limestone and and caustic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Flue gas desulphurization wet desulphurization process fluid mechanics mass transfer absorption unit processes

Destekleyen Kurum

No supporting institution

Proje Numarası

Not applicable

Kaynakça

  • Flagan, R. C., & Seinfeld, J. H., Fundamentals of Air Pollution Engineering. 1st ed., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1988.
  • Heinsohn, R. J., & Kabel, R. L., Sources and Control of Air Pollution. 1st ed., Prentice-Hall Inc., 1999.
  • Heinsohn, R. J., Control of Gaseous Pollutants – Absorption. In Air Pollution Engineering Manual, 2nd ed., New York, NY, USA, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: W. T. Davis, 2000, ch. 2, sec. 1, pp. 22-36.
  • Meckl, S., & Wunder, R., Wäßrige Stoffsysteme zur Absorption von SO2, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 1-5, 1991.
  • Steuler Press Release, “Steuler Anlagenbau Designs Waste Water and Waste-free Flue Gas Treatment Plant for Seagoing Vessels,” 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.steuler.de/fileadmin/shared/documents/press-releases/en/2019-12-09-steuler-anlagenbau-designs-flue-gas-treatment-for-seagoing-vessels.pdf
  • Koralegedara, N., Pinto, P. X., Dion-ysiou, D. D., & Al-Abed, S. R., Recent advances in flue gas desulfurization gypsum processes and applications – A review, Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 251, article no. 109572, 2019.
  • Li, X., Han, J., Liu, Y., Dou, Z., & Zhang, T. A., Summary of research progress on industrial flue gas desulfurization technology, Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 281, article no. 119849, 2022.
  • “Bekaplast Lining,” Steuler-KCH GmbH. Siershanh, Germany. [Online]. Available: https://linings.steuler.de/en/products/bekaplast.html
  • Leivo, C. C., Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems: Design and Operating Considerations, Volume II. Technical Report, U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Report # EPA-600/7-78-030b, March 1978.
  • Poullikkas, A., Review of Design, Operating, and Financial Considerations in Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems, Energy Technology & Policy, vol. 2, pp. 92013, 2015. DOI: 10.1080/23317000.2015.1064794
  • Prada, I. D. C., Rivera-Tinoco, R., and Bouallou, C., Flue Gas Desulfurization Assessment by Modeling and Experimental Work of an Optimized Fixed-Bed NaHCO3 Reactor, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 58, no. 40, pp. 18717–18730, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03010
  • Diesel Power Plant – Components, Operation and Applications. Electrical Technology Organization. [Online]. Available: https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2021/08/diesel-power-plant.html
  • Average Costs of Existing Flue Gas Desulfurization Units. U.S. Energy Information Administration. [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_09_04.html
  • Sharma, A. K, Prasad, D. S. N., Acharya, S., and Sharma, R., Utility and Application of FGD System (Flue Gas Desulphurization) in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-7, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijcea.org/papers/173-C00009.pdf
  • Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet for Packed-Bed/Packed-Tower Scrubber. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) CICA Fact Sheet # EPA-425/F-03-015. [Online]. Available: https://www3.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/fpack.pdf
  • CPI (Consumer Price Index) Inflation Calculator. [Online]. Available: https://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/
  • Sanayi Kaynaklı Hava Kirliliğinin Kontrolu Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik Taslağı, T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. [Online]. Available: https://www.itkib.org.tr/duyurular/sirkuler/dosyalar/SanKayHavKirYDYTslk_00002006.pdf
  • TUIK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). [Online]. Available: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Elektrik-ve-Dogal-Gaz-Fiyatlari-I.-Donem:-Ocak-Haziran-2022-45567#:~:text=T%C3%9C%C4%B0K%20Kurumsal&text=Sanayide%202022%20y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20I.%20d%C3%B6nem,ortalama%20217%2C4%20kuru%C5%9F%20oldu.
  • Carpenter, A. M., Low Water FGD Technologies, U.S. Energy Association Report # CCC/210, ISBN 978-92-9029-530-3, November 2012. [Online]. Available: https://usea.org/sites/default/files/112012_Low%20water%20FGD%20technologies_ccc210.pdf
  • Sorrels, J. L., Wet and Dry Scrubbers for Acid Gas Control, U.S. EPA Air Economics Group, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-05/documents/wet_and_dry_scrubbers_section_5_chapter_1_control_cost_manual_7th_edition.pdf
  • Compressed Air Cost – Industrial Utilities. Intratec. [Online]. Available: https://www.intratec.us/products/water-utility-costs/commodity/cost-of-compressed-air#middle-east-africa
  • Beneficial Use Evaluation: Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum as an Agricultural Amendment, March 2023. U.S. EPA Report # EPA 530-R-23-004. [Online]. Available: https://acaa-usa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/FGD_Ben_Use_Eval_with_Appendices_March_2023_508.pdf
  • Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet for Flue Gas Desulfurization. U.S. EPA CICA Fact Sheet # EPA-425/F-03-034. [Online]. Available: https://www3.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/ffdg.pdf
  • Forbes, A., Cleaning up with FGD Technology: Making Profitable Trade-offs in Desulfurizing Power, January 12, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ge.com/power/transform/article.transform.articles.2018.jan.cleaning-up-with-fgd-technolog#:~:text=Wet%20scrubber%20systems%20can%20be,on%20the%20coal's%20sulfur%20content.
  • Alkaline Scrubber, Emis. [Online]. Available: https://emis.vito.be/nl/node/19467#ftn1
  • Borgwardt, R. H., Sludge Oxidation in Limestone FGD Scrubbers, U.S. EPA Report # EPA-600/7-77-061, 1977. [Online]. Available: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=9101CY00.txt
  • Islam, M. S., Saha, S. C., Gemci, T, Yang, I. A., Sauret, E., Ristovski, Z., and Gu, Y. T., Euler-Lagrange Prediction of Diesel-Exhaust Polydisperse Particle Transport and Deposition in Lung: Anatomy and Turbulence Effects, Scientific Reports, vol. 9, Article no. 12423, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48753-6
  • Islam, M.S., Saha, S.C., Gemci, T., Yang, I.A., Sauret, E., and Gu, Y.T., Polydisperse Microparticle Transport and Deposition to the Terminal Bronchioles in a Heterogenous Vasculature Tree, Scientific Reports, vol. 8, Article no. 16387, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-34804-x
  • Islam, M.S., Saha, S.C., Sauret, E., Gemci, T., Yang, I.A., and Gu, Y.T., Ultrafine Particle Transport and Deposition in a Large Scale 17-Generation Lung Model, Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 64, pp 16-25, 2017.
  • Bratveit, M., Haaland, I. M., Moen, B., and Malsnes, A., Exposure to sulfuric acid in zinc production. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, vol. 48, pp. 159–170, 2004.
  • Shangina O., Brennan, P., Szeszenia-dabrowska, N., Mates, D., Fabia’Nova, E., Fletcher, T., Mannetje, A. T., Boffetta, P., and Zaridze, D., Occupational exposure and laryngeal and hypo-pharyngeal cancer risk in central and eastern Europe. American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 164, pp. 367–375, 2006.
  • Hsu, Y.-M., Wu, C.-Y., Lundgren, D., and Birky, B. K., Size-resolved sulfuric acid mist concentrations at phosphate fertilizer manufacturing facilities in Florida. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, vol. 51, pp. 81–89, 2007.
  • Srivastava, R. K. and Jozewicz, W., Flue Gas Desulfurization: The state of the art, Journal of Air & Waste Management Association, vol. 51, pp. 1676-1688, 2002.

AĞIR DİZEL YAKMA TESİSLERİNDE ATIK GAZ KÜKÜRT GİDERME ÜNİTELERİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 237 - 253, 31.12.2023

Tevfik Gemci

https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1297543

Öz

Baca gazı kükürt giderme saflaştırma teknolojisi sayesinde, endüstriyel baca gazında ultra düşük SO2 baca gazı emisyonları elde edilebilir. Bu makalede absorpsiyon çözeltisi olarak kireç taşı (kalsiyum karbonat CaCO3) ve kostik (sodyum hidroksit NaOH) kullanan ıslak kükürt giderme prosesleri, absorpsiyon unitesi proseslerinin yanı sıra akışkanlar mekaniği ve kütle transferi fenomenleri açısından tanıtılmaktadır. Ayrıca kireçtaşı ve kostik kullanılan ıslak baca gazı kükürt giderme proseslerinin ilk yatırım ve işletme maliyetleri karşılaştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Atık gaz kükürt giderme ıslak kükürt giderme prosesi akışkanlar mekaniği kütle transferi absorbsiyon ünite işlemleri

Proje Numarası

Not applicable

Kaynakça

  • Flagan, R. C., & Seinfeld, J. H., Fundamentals of Air Pollution Engineering. 1st ed., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1988.
  • Heinsohn, R. J., & Kabel, R. L., Sources and Control of Air Pollution. 1st ed., Prentice-Hall Inc., 1999.
  • Heinsohn, R. J., Control of Gaseous Pollutants – Absorption. In Air Pollution Engineering Manual, 2nd ed., New York, NY, USA, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: W. T. Davis, 2000, ch. 2, sec. 1, pp. 22-36.
  • Meckl, S., & Wunder, R., Wäßrige Stoffsysteme zur Absorption von SO2, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 1-5, 1991.
  • Steuler Press Release, “Steuler Anlagenbau Designs Waste Water and Waste-free Flue Gas Treatment Plant for Seagoing Vessels,” 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.steuler.de/fileadmin/shared/documents/press-releases/en/2019-12-09-steuler-anlagenbau-designs-flue-gas-treatment-for-seagoing-vessels.pdf
  • Koralegedara, N., Pinto, P. X., Dion-ysiou, D. D., & Al-Abed, S. R., Recent advances in flue gas desulfurization gypsum processes and applications – A review, Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 251, article no. 109572, 2019.
  • Li, X., Han, J., Liu, Y., Dou, Z., & Zhang, T. A., Summary of research progress on industrial flue gas desulfurization technology, Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 281, article no. 119849, 2022.
  • “Bekaplast Lining,” Steuler-KCH GmbH. Siershanh, Germany. [Online]. Available: https://linings.steuler.de/en/products/bekaplast.html
  • Leivo, C. C., Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems: Design and Operating Considerations, Volume II. Technical Report, U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Report # EPA-600/7-78-030b, March 1978.
  • Poullikkas, A., Review of Design, Operating, and Financial Considerations in Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems, Energy Technology & Policy, vol. 2, pp. 92013, 2015. DOI: 10.1080/23317000.2015.1064794
  • Prada, I. D. C., Rivera-Tinoco, R., and Bouallou, C., Flue Gas Desulfurization Assessment by Modeling and Experimental Work of an Optimized Fixed-Bed NaHCO3 Reactor, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 58, no. 40, pp. 18717–18730, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03010
  • Diesel Power Plant – Components, Operation and Applications. Electrical Technology Organization. [Online]. Available: https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2021/08/diesel-power-plant.html
  • Average Costs of Existing Flue Gas Desulfurization Units. U.S. Energy Information Administration. [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_09_04.html
  • Sharma, A. K, Prasad, D. S. N., Acharya, S., and Sharma, R., Utility and Application of FGD System (Flue Gas Desulphurization) in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-7, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijcea.org/papers/173-C00009.pdf
  • Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet for Packed-Bed/Packed-Tower Scrubber. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) CICA Fact Sheet # EPA-425/F-03-015. [Online]. Available: https://www3.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/fpack.pdf
  • CPI (Consumer Price Index) Inflation Calculator. [Online]. Available: https://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/
  • Sanayi Kaynaklı Hava Kirliliğinin Kontrolu Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik Taslağı, T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. [Online]. Available: https://www.itkib.org.tr/duyurular/sirkuler/dosyalar/SanKayHavKirYDYTslk_00002006.pdf
  • TUIK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). [Online]. Available: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Elektrik-ve-Dogal-Gaz-Fiyatlari-I.-Donem:-Ocak-Haziran-2022-45567#:~:text=T%C3%9C%C4%B0K%20Kurumsal&text=Sanayide%202022%20y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20I.%20d%C3%B6nem,ortalama%20217%2C4%20kuru%C5%9F%20oldu.
  • Carpenter, A. M., Low Water FGD Technologies, U.S. Energy Association Report # CCC/210, ISBN 978-92-9029-530-3, November 2012. [Online]. Available: https://usea.org/sites/default/files/112012_Low%20water%20FGD%20technologies_ccc210.pdf
  • Sorrels, J. L., Wet and Dry Scrubbers for Acid Gas Control, U.S. EPA Air Economics Group, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-05/documents/wet_and_dry_scrubbers_section_5_chapter_1_control_cost_manual_7th_edition.pdf
  • Compressed Air Cost – Industrial Utilities. Intratec. [Online]. Available: https://www.intratec.us/products/water-utility-costs/commodity/cost-of-compressed-air#middle-east-africa
  • Beneficial Use Evaluation: Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum as an Agricultural Amendment, March 2023. U.S. EPA Report # EPA 530-R-23-004. [Online]. Available: https://acaa-usa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/FGD_Ben_Use_Eval_with_Appendices_March_2023_508.pdf
  • Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet for Flue Gas Desulfurization. U.S. EPA CICA Fact Sheet # EPA-425/F-03-034. [Online]. Available: https://www3.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/ffdg.pdf
  • Forbes, A., Cleaning up with FGD Technology: Making Profitable Trade-offs in Desulfurizing Power, January 12, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ge.com/power/transform/article.transform.articles.2018.jan.cleaning-up-with-fgd-technolog#:~:text=Wet%20scrubber%20systems%20can%20be,on%20the%20coal's%20sulfur%20content.
  • Alkaline Scrubber, Emis. [Online]. Available: https://emis.vito.be/nl/node/19467#ftn1
  • Borgwardt, R. H., Sludge Oxidation in Limestone FGD Scrubbers, U.S. EPA Report # EPA-600/7-77-061, 1977. [Online]. Available: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=9101CY00.txt
  • Islam, M. S., Saha, S. C., Gemci, T, Yang, I. A., Sauret, E., Ristovski, Z., and Gu, Y. T., Euler-Lagrange Prediction of Diesel-Exhaust Polydisperse Particle Transport and Deposition in Lung: Anatomy and Turbulence Effects, Scientific Reports, vol. 9, Article no. 12423, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48753-6
  • Islam, M.S., Saha, S.C., Gemci, T., Yang, I.A., Sauret, E., and Gu, Y.T., Polydisperse Microparticle Transport and Deposition to the Terminal Bronchioles in a Heterogenous Vasculature Tree, Scientific Reports, vol. 8, Article no. 16387, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-34804-x
  • Islam, M.S., Saha, S.C., Sauret, E., Gemci, T., Yang, I.A., and Gu, Y.T., Ultrafine Particle Transport and Deposition in a Large Scale 17-Generation Lung Model, Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 64, pp 16-25, 2017.
  • Bratveit, M., Haaland, I. M., Moen, B., and Malsnes, A., Exposure to sulfuric acid in zinc production. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, vol. 48, pp. 159–170, 2004.
  • Shangina O., Brennan, P., Szeszenia-dabrowska, N., Mates, D., Fabia’Nova, E., Fletcher, T., Mannetje, A. T., Boffetta, P., and Zaridze, D., Occupational exposure and laryngeal and hypo-pharyngeal cancer risk in central and eastern Europe. American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 164, pp. 367–375, 2006.
  • Hsu, Y.-M., Wu, C.-Y., Lundgren, D., and Birky, B. K., Size-resolved sulfuric acid mist concentrations at phosphate fertilizer manufacturing facilities in Florida. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, vol. 51, pp. 81–89, 2007.
  • Srivastava, R. K. and Jozewicz, W., Flue Gas Desulfurization: The state of the art, Journal of Air & Waste Management Association, vol. 51, pp. 1676-1688, 2002.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Sayı
Yazarlar

Tevfik Gemci 0000-0002-6424-2442

Proje Numarası Not applicable
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gemci, T. (2023). Flue Gas Desulfurization Scrubbers in Heavy Diesel Combustion Plants. Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science, 9(2), 237-253. https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1297543
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