TURİZM VE İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 48 - 69, 30.06.2025

Halil Sunar , Alper Ateş , Abdullah Köseoğlu

Öz

İklim değişikliği, günümüzün en büyük küresel sorunlarından biri olarak kabul edilmekte ve tüm sektörler üzerinde derin etkiler yaratmaktadır. Turizm sektörü, iklim değişikliğinden hem doğrudan etkilenen hem de iklim değişikliğine sebep olan bir sektördür. İklim değişikliği, turizm sektörü için giderek daha büyük bir tehdit haline gelmektedir. Sıcaklık artışları, aşırı hava olayları, deniz seviyesinin yükselmesi ve ekosistemde yaşanan değişiklikler, turizm destinasyonlarını doğrudan etkileyerek seyahat tercihlerinde önemli ölçüde değişikliklere neden olmaktadır. Özellikle doğa temelli gerçekleştirilen turistik faaliyetler, iklim değişikliği ile daha fazla risk altına girmektedir. Bu süreç, turizm işletmelerinin sürdürülebilirlik stratejilerini gözden geçirmelerini ve çevresel etkileri azaltan çözümler geliştirmelerini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Turizm işletmeleri açısından iklim değişikliği, yalnızca çevresel değil, ekonomik açıdan da büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Destinasyonlar arasında değişen iklim koşulları, belirli bölgelerdeki sezonluk turist akışlarını etkileyebilmekte ve bu durum beraberinde gelir kaynaklarında azalmaya neden olabilmektedir. Bu durumun dışında ise, iklim değişikliklerinden kaynaklı hava olayları ve/veya afetler, turistik altyapının hasar görmesine ve dolayısıyla işletmelerin faaliyetlerini sürdürememesine yol açabilmektedir. Bu nedenle turizm sektörü, gerek iklim değişikliğine uyum sağlamak gerekse ekonomik sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak için yeni iş modelleri ve çevre dostu uygulamalar geliştirmelerini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Turizm işletmeleri ve iklim değişikliği arasındaki ilişki, iklim değişikliğinin turizm üzerindeki etkileri, sektörün bu sorunla başa çıkma stratejileri ve sürdürülebilir turizm uygulamaları konuları üzerine yapılan çalışmalar önem kazanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı iklim değişikliği ve turizm işletmeleri ile ilgili yayınların bibliyometrik yöntemlerle analizini yapmaktır. Veri tabanı olarak Web of Science (WoS) tercih edilmiştir. Arama terimleri olarak “turizm işletmeleri ve iklim değişikliği” kullanılmış ve 25.02.2025 tarihinde yapılan taramada 146 yayın, çalışma kapsamında incelenmiştir. Bibliyometrik analizin yapılmasında ve grafiklerin oluşturulmasında Web of Science Analysis, VOSviewer ve R Stüdyo’nun Bibliometrix etkisi kullanılarak en etkili, en fazla yayına sahip, en çok atıf alan yazarlar, çalışmaların konuları, yıllar içindeki gelişimi, ülkeler arası işbirliği derecesi, kullanılan anahtar kelimelerin ağ grafikleri değerlendirilerek literatürdeki eksikliklere ve gelecek çalışmalara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turizm İşletmeleri , İklim Değişikliği , Bibliyometrik Analiz

A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Öz

Climate change is recognized as one of the biggest global challenges of our time and has profound impacts on all sectors. The tourism sector is both directly affected by climate change and a cause of climate change. Climate change is increasingly becoming a major threat to the tourism sector. Temperature increases, extreme weather events, sea level rises, and changes in the ecosystem directly affect tourism destinations and cause significant changes in travel preferences. In particular, nature-based tourist activities increase the risk of climate change. This process requires tourism businesses to review their sustainability strategies and develop solutions that reduce environmental impacts. For tourism businesses, climate change is important not only to the environment but also to the economy. Changing climatic conditions between destinations can affect seasonal tourist flows in certain regions, thereby decreasing revenue sources. In addition, weather events and disasters caused by climate change can damage tourist infrastructure and leave businesses unable to continue operations. Therefore, the tourism sector must develop new business models and environmentally friendly practices to adapt to climate change and ensure economic sustainability. Studies on the relationship between tourism businesses and climate change, the effects of climate change on tourism, the sector’s strategies to deal with this problem, and sustainable tourism practices have gained importance. The aim of this study is to analyze the publications on climate change and tourism enterprises using bibliometric methods. The Web of Science (WoS) was preferred as a database. “Tourism enterprises and climate change” were used as search terms, and 146 publications were analyzed in the scope of the study in the search made on 25.02.2025. Using Web of Science Analysis, VOSviewer, and R Studio's Bibliometrix effect, bibliometric analysis was performed to evaluate the most influential, most published, and most cited authors; the subjects of the studies; the development of the studies over the years; the degree of cooperation between countries; and the network graphs of the keywords used. Suggestions for the deficiencies in the literature and future studies were also presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tourism Enterprises , Climate Change , Bibliometric Analysis

Kaynakça

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