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THE APPLICATION OF SEM IN STUDIES TO MEASURE EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF FIRMS: A ROAD MAP

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 6, 53 - 71, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.62080/kmfed.1544522

Öz

Export performance is a subject that has quite complex relationships by nature. For this reason, it is analysed with the SEM method, which is gaining more and more fame in the research world regarding complex relationships. With this research, the use of SEM in the export performance studies in question was examined based on literature and different applications and views were brought together to create a basic roadmap. In this context, 76 different SEM and export performance-based scientific studies were examined and evaluated from a critical perspective and application maps were created. Afterwards, an ideal and basic application template and roadmap were presented with current suggestions for studies including export performance that want to use SEM in the future.

Kaynakça

  • Akyüz, H. E. (2018). “Yapı Geçerliliği İçin Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi: Uygulamalı Bir Çalışma [Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Construct Validity: An Applied Study]. BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2): 186–198.
  • Ayyıldız, H., & Cengiz, E. (2006). “Pazarlama Modellerinin Testinde Kullanılabilecek Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Inceleme [A Conceptual Investigation on Structural Equation Models (SEM) On Testing Marketing Models]”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2): 63–84.
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  • Barrett, P. (2000). “Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Analysis”. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(5): 999–1000.
  • Beamish, P. W., Craig, R., & Mclellan, K. (1993). “The Performance Characteristics of Canadian versus U.K. Exporters in Small and Medium Sized Firms”. MIR: Management International Review, 33(2): 121–137.
  • Beleska-Spasova, E. (2014). “Determinants and Measures of Export Performance - Comprehensive Literature Review”. JCEBI, 1(1): 63–74.
  • Bentler, P. M. (2005). EQS 6 Structural Equations Program Manual. Multivariate Software.
  • Bonett, D. G., & Wright, T. A. (2015). “Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability: Interval Estimation, Hypothesis Testing, And Sample Size Planning”. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1): 3–15.
  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1989). “Single Sample Cross-Validation Indices For Covariance Structures”. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 24(4): 445–455.
  • Byrne, B. M. (1994). “Testing for the Factorial Validity, Replication, And Invariance Of A Measuring Instrument: A Paradigmatic Application Based On The Maslach Burnout Inventory”. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 29(3): 289–311.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS (3rd Ed.). Routledge. Https://Doi.Org/10.4324/9781315757421
  • Cavusgil, S. T., & Zou, S. (1994). “Marketing Strategy-Performance Relationship: An Investigation of the Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures”. Source: Journal of Marketing, 58(1): 1–21.
  • Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2023). “Reporting Reliability, Convergent And Discriminant Validity With Structural Equation Modeling: A Review And Best-Practice Recommendations”. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10490-023-09871-Y
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal Bilimler Için Çok Değişkenli Istatistik SPSS Ve LISREL Uygulamaları [Multivariate Statistics for Social Sciences: SPSS and LISREL Applications]. Pegem Akademi.
  • Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). “The Robustness of Test Statistics to Nonnormality and Specification Error in Confirmatory Factor Analysis”. Psychological Methods, 1(1): 16–29.
  • Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and Reliability in Social Science Research. Education Research and Perspectives, 38(1): 105–123.
  • Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., Maccallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). “Evaluating The Use Of Exploratory Factor Analysis In Psychological Research”. Psychological Methods, 4(3): 272–299.
  • Fan, X., & Sivo, S. A. (2007). “Sensitivity of Fit Indices To Model Misspecification And Model Types”. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(3): 509–529.
  • Fan, Y., Chen, J., Shirkey, G., John, R., Wu, S. R., Park, H., & Shao, C. (2016). “Applications Of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) In Ecological Studies: An Updated Review”. Ecological Processes, 5(1): 19.
  • Finney, S. J., & Distefano, C. (2006). Nonnormal And Categorical Data In Structural Equation Models. In G. R. Hancock & R. O. Mueller (Eds.): A Second Course In Structural Equation Modeling (Pp. 269–314). Information Age.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). “Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error”. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1): 39. Https://Doi.Org/10.2307/3151312
  • Frost, J. (2022). Cronbach’s Alpha: Definition, Calculations & Example.
  • Gallagher, M. W., & Brown, T. A. (2013). Introduction to Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. In Handbook of Quantitative Methods for Educational Research (Pp. 289–314). Sense Publis. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978-94-6209-404-8_14
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2018). IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Step By Step (15th Ed.). Routledge. Https://Doi.Org/10.4324/9781351033909
  • Golafshani, N. (2015). Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report. Https://Doi.Org/10.46743/2160-3715/2003.1870
  • Grewal, R., Cote, J. A., & Baumgartner, H. (2004). Multicollinearity and Measurement Error in Structural Equation Models: Implications for Theory Testing. Marketing Science, 23(4): 519–529. Https://Doi.Org/10.1287/Mksc.1040.0070
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th Ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
  • Harrington, D. (2008). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Oxford University Press. Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Acprof:Oso/9780195339888.001.0001
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(2): 53–60.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1): 1–55.
  • Iacobucci, D. (2010). Structural Equations Modeling: Fit Indices, Sample Size, And Advanced Topics. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(1): 90–98. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jcps.2009.09.003
  • Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A General Approach to Confirmatory Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2): 183–202. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/BF02289343
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  • Lages, L. F., Silva, G., Styles, C., & Pereira, Z. L. (2009). The NEP Scale: A Measure of Network Export Performance. International Business Review, 18(4): 344–356. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ibusrev.2009.04.002
  • Larsen, R., & Warne, R. T. (2010). Estimating Confidence Intervals for Eigenvalues in Exploratory Factor Analysis. Behavior Research Methods, 42(3): 871–876. Https://Doi.Org/10.3758/BRM.42.3.871
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FİRMALARIN İHRACAT PERFORMANSINI ÖLÇMEK İÇİN YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALARDA YEM'İN UYGULANMASI: BİR YOL HARİTASI

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 6, 53 - 71, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.62080/kmfed.1544522

Öz

İhracat performansı doğası gereği oldukça karmaşık ilişkilere sahip bir konudur. Bu nedenle, karmaşık ilişkiler açısından araştırma dünyasında giderek daha fazla ün kazanan YEM yöntemi ile analiz edilmeye devam edilmektedir. Bu araştırma ile söz konusu ihracat performansı çalışmalarında YEM kullanımı literatüre dayalı olarak incelenmiş ve temel bir yol haritası oluşturmak için farklı uygulamalar ve görüşler bir araya getirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, 76 farklı YEM ve ihracat performansına dayalı bilimsel çalışma eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiş ve uygulama temelli yol haritaları keşfedilmiştir. Daha sonra, gelecekte YEM kullanmak isteyen ihracat performansını içeren çalışmalar için güncel önerilerle ideal ve temel bir uygulama şablonu ve yol haritası sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Akyüz, H. E. (2018). “Yapı Geçerliliği İçin Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi: Uygulamalı Bir Çalışma [Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Construct Validity: An Applied Study]. BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2): 186–198.
  • Ayyıldız, H., & Cengiz, E. (2006). “Pazarlama Modellerinin Testinde Kullanılabilecek Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Inceleme [A Conceptual Investigation on Structural Equation Models (SEM) On Testing Marketing Models]”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2): 63–84.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). “The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6): 1173–1182.
  • Barrett, P. (2000). “Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Analysis”. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(5): 999–1000.
  • Beamish, P. W., Craig, R., & Mclellan, K. (1993). “The Performance Characteristics of Canadian versus U.K. Exporters in Small and Medium Sized Firms”. MIR: Management International Review, 33(2): 121–137.
  • Beleska-Spasova, E. (2014). “Determinants and Measures of Export Performance - Comprehensive Literature Review”. JCEBI, 1(1): 63–74.
  • Bentler, P. M. (2005). EQS 6 Structural Equations Program Manual. Multivariate Software.
  • Bonett, D. G., & Wright, T. A. (2015). “Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability: Interval Estimation, Hypothesis Testing, And Sample Size Planning”. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1): 3–15.
  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1989). “Single Sample Cross-Validation Indices For Covariance Structures”. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 24(4): 445–455.
  • Byrne, B. M. (1994). “Testing for the Factorial Validity, Replication, And Invariance Of A Measuring Instrument: A Paradigmatic Application Based On The Maslach Burnout Inventory”. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 29(3): 289–311.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS (3rd Ed.). Routledge. Https://Doi.Org/10.4324/9781315757421
  • Cavusgil, S. T., & Zou, S. (1994). “Marketing Strategy-Performance Relationship: An Investigation of the Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures”. Source: Journal of Marketing, 58(1): 1–21.
  • Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2023). “Reporting Reliability, Convergent And Discriminant Validity With Structural Equation Modeling: A Review And Best-Practice Recommendations”. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10490-023-09871-Y
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal Bilimler Için Çok Değişkenli Istatistik SPSS Ve LISREL Uygulamaları [Multivariate Statistics for Social Sciences: SPSS and LISREL Applications]. Pegem Akademi.
  • Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). “The Robustness of Test Statistics to Nonnormality and Specification Error in Confirmatory Factor Analysis”. Psychological Methods, 1(1): 16–29.
  • Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and Reliability in Social Science Research. Education Research and Perspectives, 38(1): 105–123.
  • Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., Maccallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). “Evaluating The Use Of Exploratory Factor Analysis In Psychological Research”. Psychological Methods, 4(3): 272–299.
  • Fan, X., & Sivo, S. A. (2007). “Sensitivity of Fit Indices To Model Misspecification And Model Types”. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(3): 509–529.
  • Fan, Y., Chen, J., Shirkey, G., John, R., Wu, S. R., Park, H., & Shao, C. (2016). “Applications Of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) In Ecological Studies: An Updated Review”. Ecological Processes, 5(1): 19.
  • Finney, S. J., & Distefano, C. (2006). Nonnormal And Categorical Data In Structural Equation Models. In G. R. Hancock & R. O. Mueller (Eds.): A Second Course In Structural Equation Modeling (Pp. 269–314). Information Age.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). “Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error”. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1): 39. Https://Doi.Org/10.2307/3151312
  • Frost, J. (2022). Cronbach’s Alpha: Definition, Calculations & Example.
  • Gallagher, M. W., & Brown, T. A. (2013). Introduction to Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. In Handbook of Quantitative Methods for Educational Research (Pp. 289–314). Sense Publis. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978-94-6209-404-8_14
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2018). IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Step By Step (15th Ed.). Routledge. Https://Doi.Org/10.4324/9781351033909
  • Golafshani, N. (2015). Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report. Https://Doi.Org/10.46743/2160-3715/2003.1870
  • Grewal, R., Cote, J. A., & Baumgartner, H. (2004). Multicollinearity and Measurement Error in Structural Equation Models: Implications for Theory Testing. Marketing Science, 23(4): 519–529. Https://Doi.Org/10.1287/Mksc.1040.0070
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th Ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
  • Harrington, D. (2008). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Oxford University Press. Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Acprof:Oso/9780195339888.001.0001
  • Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(2): 53–60.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1): 1–55.
  • Iacobucci, D. (2010). Structural Equations Modeling: Fit Indices, Sample Size, And Advanced Topics. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(1): 90–98. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jcps.2009.09.003
  • Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A General Approach to Confirmatory Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2): 183–202. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/BF02289343
  • Jöreskog, K. G., Olsson, U. H., & Wallentin, F. Y. (2016). Multivariate Analysis with LISREL. Springer.
  • Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D. (1984). Advances in Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Models. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Katipamula, S., Reddy, T. A., & Claridge, D. E. (1998). Multivariate Regression Modeling. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 120(3): 177–184. Https://Doi.Org/10.1115/1.2888067
  • Kellar, S. P., & Kelvin, E. (2012). Munro’s Statistical Methods for Health Care Research (6th Ed.). Wolters Kluwer. Kelloway, K. E. (1998). Using LISREL For Structural Equation Modeling: A Researcher’s Guide. Sage Publications. Khatun, N. (2021). Applications of Normality Test in Statistical Analysis. Open Journal of Statistics, 11(01): 113–122. Https://Doi.Org/10.4236/Ojs.2021.111006
  • Kline, R. (2023). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (5th Ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Kyriazos, T. A. (2018). Applied Psychometrics: Sample Size And Sample Power Considerations In Factor Analysis (EFA, CFA) And SEM In General. Psychology, 09(08): 2207–2230. Https://Doi.Org/10.4236/Psych.2018.98126
  • Lages, L. F., Silva, G., Styles, C., & Pereira, Z. L. (2009). The NEP Scale: A Measure of Network Export Performance. International Business Review, 18(4): 344–356. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ibusrev.2009.04.002
  • Larsen, R., & Warne, R. T. (2010). Estimating Confidence Intervals for Eigenvalues in Exploratory Factor Analysis. Behavior Research Methods, 42(3): 871–876. Https://Doi.Org/10.3758/BRM.42.3.871
  • Lee, S. (2007). Structural Equation Modeling. Wiley. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/9780470024737
  • Loehlin, J. C., & Beaujean, A. A. (2017). Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path, and Structural Equation Analysis (5th Ed.). Routledge Publication.
  • Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & Mcdonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-Of-Fit Indexes in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: The Effect of Sample Size. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3): 391–410. Https://Doi.Org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391
  • Marsh, H. W., & Hocevar, D. (1985). Application Of Confirmatory Factor Analysis To The Study Of Self-Concept: First And Higher Order Factor Models And Their Invariance Across Groups. Psychological Bulletin, 97(3): 562–582. Https://Doi.Org/10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.562
  • Mcardle, J. J. (2009). Latent Variable Modeling of Differences and Changes with Longitudinal Data. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(1): 577–605. Https://Doi.Org/10.1146/Annurev.Psych.60.110707.163612
  • Mcdonald, R. P. (1996). Path Analysis with Composite Variables. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 31(2): 239–270. Https://Doi.Org/10.1207/S15327906mbr3102_5
  • Mitchell, R. J. (1992). Testing Evolutionary and Ecological Hypotheses Using Path Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling. Functional Ecology, 6(2): 123. Https://Doi.Org/10.2307/2389745
  • Norris, M., & Lecavalier, L. (2010). Evaluating the Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Developmental Disability Psychological Research. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(1): 8–20. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10803-009-0816-2
  • Ozdamar, K. (2005). Paket Programlar Ile Istatistiksel Veri Analizi (Çok Değişkenli Analizler) 2 [Statistical Data Analysis with Package Programs (Multivariate Analysis) 2] (5th Ed.). Kaan Kitapevi.
  • Ozturk, M. (2024). Sürdürülebilir Inovasyon Ve Ihracat Performansı: Birleşik Krallık Ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ndeki Ihracatçı Imalat Işletmeleri Üzerinde Bir Uygulama [Sustainable Innovation And Export Performance: An Application On Exporting Manufacturing Enterprises In The United Kingdom And The Republic Of Turkiye] [Ph.D.]. Kutahya Dumlupinar University - Institute Of Graduate Studies.
  • Panayides, P. (2013). Coefficient Alpha: Interpret With Caution. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 9(4): 687–696. Https://Doi.Org/10.5964/Ejop.V9i4.653
  • Raats, V. M., Van Der Genugten, B. B., & Moors, J. J. A. (2005). Multivariate Regression with Consecutively Added Dependent Variables. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 410, 170–197. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Laa.2005.06.033
  • Rani Das, K. (2016). A Brief Review of Tests for Normality. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1): 5. Https://Doi.Org/10.11648/J.Ajtas.20160501.12
  • Raykov, T. (1997). Estimation of Composite Reliability for Congeneric Measures. Applied Psychological Measurement, 21(2): 173–184. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/01466216970212006
  • Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2012). A First Course in Structural Equation Modeling (2nd Ed.). Routledge. Https://Doi.Org/10.4324/9780203930687
  • Ruscio, J., & Roche, B. (2012). Determining the Number of Factors to Retain In an Exploratory Factor Analysis Using Comparison Data of Known Factorial Structure. Psychological Assessment, 24(2): 282–292. Https://Doi.Org/10.1037/A0025697
  • Sass, D. A., & Schmitt, T. A. (2010). A Comparative Investigation of Rotation Criteria within Exploratory Factor Analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 45(1): 73–103. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/00273170903504810
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-Of-Fit Measures. Methods Of Psychological Research Online, 8(2): 23–74.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation modeling (3rd Ed.). Psychology Press. Https://Doi.Org/10.4324/9781410610904
  • Shiu, E., Pervan, S. J., Bove, L. L., & Beatty, S. E. (2011). Reflections on Discriminant Validity: Reexamining the Bove Et Al. (2009) Findings. Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, 64(5): 497–500.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş, Temel Ilkeler Ve LISREL Uygulamaları [Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling, Basic Principles and LISREL Applications] (1st Ed.). Ekinoks Yayınları.
  • Sousa, C. M. P., Martínez‐López, F. J., & Coelho, F. (2008). The Determinants of Export Performance: A Review of the Research in the Literature between 1998 and 2005. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(4): 343–374. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/J.1468-2370.2008.00232.X
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  • Stevens, J. P. (2001). Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences (4th Ed.). Psychology Press. Https://Doi.Org/10.4324/9781410604491
  • Teo, T., Tsai, L. T., & Yang, C.-C. (2013). Applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) In Educational Research: An Introduction. In M. S. Khine (Ed.): Application Of Structural Equation Modeling In Educational Research And Practice (Vol. 7, Pp. 3–22). Sense Publishers. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978-94-6209-332-4
  • Tookey, D. A. (1964). Factors Associated With Success In Exporting. Journal of Management Studies, 1(1): 48–66. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/J.1467-6486.1964.Tb00122.X
  • Turney, S. (2022). What Is Kurtosis? Definition, Examples & Formula. Scribbr.
  • Vieira, A. L. (2011). Preparation of the Analysis. In Interactive LISREL in Practice (Pp. 9–25). Springer Link. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978-3-642-18044-6_2
  • Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2012). Structural Equation Modeling. Wiley. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/9781118356258
  • Yıldırım, M. (2023). Yapısal Eşitlik Modelinde Normallik Ihlali: Bootstrap ML Ve Bayesci Istatistik [Violation of Normality in Structural Equation Modeling: Bootstrap ML and Bayesian Statistics]. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2): 132–145.
  • Yılmaz, V., & Varol, S. (2015). Hazır Yazılımlar Ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi: AMOS, EQS, and LISREL [Structural Equation Modeling With Ready-Made Software: AMOS, EQS, and LISREL]. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 44, 28–44.
  • Zou, S., & Stan, S. (1998). The Determinants of Export Performance: A Review of the Empirical Literature between 1987 and 1997. International Marketing Review, 15(5): 333–356. Https://Doi.Org/10.1108/02651339810236290 Zou, S., Taylor, C. R., & Osland, G. E. (1998). The EXPERF Scale: A Cross-National Generalized Export Performance Measure. Journal of International Marketing, 6(3): 37–58.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Finans ve Yatırım (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Murat Öztürk 0000-0002-5983-331X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Ekim 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 3 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, M. (2024). THE APPLICATION OF SEM IN STUDIES TO MEASURE EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF FIRMS: A ROAD MAP. Kapanaltı Dergisi(6), 53-71. https://doi.org/10.62080/kmfed.1544522