EGZERSİZLE İLİŞKİLİ KAS-İSKELET YARALANMALARININ ÖNLENMESİNDE NÖROMÜSKÜLER ANTRENMAN PROGRAMLARININ ROLÜ

Öz

Egzersizle ilişkili kas-iskelet yaralanmaları, sporcularda ve fiziksel olarak aktif bireylerde performans kaybı, antrenman sürekliliğinin bozulması ve sağlıkla ilişkili olumsuz sonuçlara yol açan önemli bir sorundur. Bu yaralanmaların ortaya çıkışında travmatik etkenlerin yanı sıra nöromüsküler kontrol yetersizlikleri, denge bozuklukları, kuvvet dengesizlikleri, hareket kalitesindeki bozulmalar, uygunsuz antrenman yüklenmesi ve yetersiz toparlanma gibi çok sayıda faktör rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle güncel yaralanma önleme yaklaşımları, risk faktörlerinin çok boyutlu değerlendirilmesini ve koruyucu müdahalelerin bütüncül biçimde planlanmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Nöromüsküler antrenman programları; denge ve propriyoseptif egzersizler, pliometrik uygulamalar, eksantrik kuvvet antrenmanları, core stabilizasyonu ve teknik geribildirime dayalı hareket eğitimi gibi bileşenleri içeren çok yönlü uygulamalar olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, egzersizle ilişkili kas-iskelet yaralanmalarının önlenmesinde nöromüsküler antrenman programlarının rolünü güncel literatür doğrultusunda incelemektir. Bu kapsamda spor yaralanmalarının önlenmesine ilişkin kuramsal çerçeve, nöromüsküler antrenmanın yaralanma önlemedeki rolü, kanıta dayalı yaralanma önleme programları, program tasarımı, yük yönetimi ve değerlendirme yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak nöromüsküler antrenman programlarının uygun biçimde planlandığında, düzenli uygulandığında ve spora özgü gereksinimlere göre düzenlendiğinde egzersizle ilişkili kas-iskelet yaralanmalarının önlenmesinde etkili ve uygulanabilir bir strateji olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaralanma önleme
• nöromüsküler antrenman
• kas-iskelet yaralanmaları

Kaynakça

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