BİLİŞSEL VE HİBRİT SPORLARIN ATLETİK PERFORMANS, KARAR VERME MEKANİZMALARI VE OTONOM REGÜLASYON ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, bilişsel yük ile fiziksel performansın eş zamanlı veya ardışık olarak iç içe geçtiği hibrit branşların (satranç boksu, matematik oryantiringi) ve bilişsel-motor çift görev antrenmanlarının; sporcuların otonom sinir sistemi regülasyonu, yürütücü işlevleri ve taktiksel karar verme süreçleri üzerindeki etkilerini güncel veriler ışığında analiz etmektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, PRISMA 2020 kılavuzuna uygun olarak yürütülmüş bir sistematik derlemedir. Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect ve Frontiers veri tabanlarında 2011-2026 yılları arasını kapsayan literatür, PICO stratejisine uygun olarak taranmıştır. İlk taramalarda ulaşılan 458 kayıttan, dışlama kriterleri uygulandıktan sonra metodolojik kalitesi en yüksek 12 temel ampirik araştırma ve meta-analiz senteze dahil edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Dünya Satranç Boksu Organizasyonu’nun 2023-2026 yıllarına ait resmi şampiyona verileri analize entegre edilmiştir. Bulgular: İncelenen meta-analizler ve ampirik bulgular, bilişsel-motor çift görev eğitimlerinin kortikal rekabeti azaltarak karar verme hızını artırdığını ve zihinsel yorgunluğun sporcularda hücum ve taktik performansını dramatik ölçüde düşürdüğünü göstermektedir. Şampiyona verileri, satranç tahtasında avantajlı olan sporcuların boks ringinde bilinçli bir defansif hayatta kalma stratejisi izlediklerini ortaya koymuştur. Biyometrik ölçümler, kalp atım hızının 130 bpm eşiğini aşmasının prefrontal korteks aktivitesini baskıladığını; ancak otonomik vagal regülasyon kapasitesi yüksek sporcuların bu eşiği efektif yönettiğini kanıtlamıştır. Sonuç: Bilişsel ve hibrit spor disiplinleri, sporcunun sempatik uyarılmışlık ile parasempatik toparlanma (vagal aktivasyon) arasındaki otonomik geçiş esnekliğini optimize etmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında literatüre kazandırılan "Otonomik-Bilişsel Regülasyon Patika Modeli"; zihinsel dayanıklılığın ve nöral adaptasyonun, maksimal stres altındaki fiziksel hayatta kalma stratejilerini doğrudan belirleyen temel bir performans modülatörü olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilişsel-Motor Çift Görev
• Hibrit Sporlar
• Zihinsel Yorgunluk
• Otonom Regülasyon
• Karar Verme.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma herhangi bir kamu, özel veya kâr amacı gütmeyen kurum, kuruluş veya fon sağlayıcı tarafından finansal olarak desteklenmemiştir.

Proje Numarası

Bulunmamaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, literatür taramasına dayalı bir sistematik derleme olduğundan ve insan veya hayvan denek kullanımını içermediğinden etik kurul iznine tabi değildir. Araştırmanın tüm aşamalarında ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği kurallarına titizlikle uyulmuştur.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, bu araştırma kapsamında herhangi bir kişi veya kuruma özel bir teşekkür beyanında bulunmamaktadır.

The Effects Of Cognitive And Hybrid Sports On Athletic Performance, Decision-Making Mechanisms, And Autonomic Regulation

Öz

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to analyze, in light of current data, the effects of hybrid disciplines (such as chess boxing and mathematical orienteering)—where cognitive load and physical performance are intertwined either simultaneously or sequentially—and cognitive-motor dual-task training on athletes' autonomic nervous system regulation, executive functions, and tactical decision-making processes. Method: This study is a systematic review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature covering the period from 2011 to 2026 was searched in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Frontiers databases, following the PICO strategy. From the 458 records identified in the initial searches, 12 key empirical studies and meta-analyses demonstrating the highest methodological quality were included in the synthesis after applying exclusion criteria. Additionally, official championship data from the World Chess Boxing Organization for the years 2023–2026 were integrated into the analysis. Findings: The meta-analyses and empirical findings examined indicate that cognitive-motor dual-task training enhances decision-making speed by reducing cortical competition, while mental fatigue dramatically impairs offensive and tactical performance in athletes. Championship data revealed that athletes holding an advantage on the chessboard adopted a conscious defensive survival strategy in the boxing ring. Biometric measurements demonstrated that heart rates exceeding the 130-bpm threshold suppress prefrontal cortex activity; however, athletes with high autonomic vagal regulation capacity effectively managed this threshold. Conclusion: Cognitive and hybrid sports disciplines optimize the athlete's autonomic transition flexibility between sympathetic arousal and parasympathetic recovery (vagal activation). The "Autonomic-Cognitive Regulation Pathway Model," introduced to the literature through this research, demonstrates that mental resilience and neural adaptation are fundamental performance modulators that directly determine physical survival strategies under maximal stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task
• Hybrid Sports
• Mental Fatigue
• Autonomic Regulation
• Decision-Making.

Destekleyen Kurum

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Proje Numarası

Bulunmamaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Since this study is a systematic review based on literature screening and does not involve human or animal subjects, it is exempt from ethical committee approval. National and international scientific research and publication ethics guidelines were strictly followed at all stages of the research.

Teşekkür

The authors have no specific acknowledgments to declare for this research.

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