Impact of Annealing Temperature on Physical Properties of Manganese Sulfide Thin Film

Öz

MnS thin films were grown on glass substrates at room temperature using the SILAR method, which is simple, easy to apply, and cheap. The grown thin films were annealed at 150, 200, 250, and 3000C for 30 minutes, respectively. The structural and optical properties of the obtained thin films were examined. XRD and SEM analyses were performed for structural properties, and UV-Vis analyses were performed for optical properties. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the annealing temperature has a positive impact on the structural and optical properties of MnS thin films.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• MnS
• Thin Film
• Annealing Temperature
• SILAR

Kaynakça

1. [1] Pujari R.B., Lokhande A.C., Yadav A.A., Kim J.H., Lokhande C.D., 2016. Synthesis of MnS microfibers for high-performance flexible supercapacitors. Materials & Design, 108, pp.510-517.
2. [2] Wang S., Li K., Zhai R., Wang H., Hou Y., Yan H., 2005. Synthesis of metastable γ-manganese sulfide crystallites by microwave irradiation. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 91, pp.298-300.
3. [3] Zhao P., Zeng Q., He X., Tang H., Huang K., 2008. Preparation of γ-MnS hollow spheres consisting of cones by a hydrothermal method. Journal of Crystal Growth, 310, pp. 4268-4272.
4. [4] Hernández S.A.M., Sandoval S.J., Pérez R.C, Delgado G.T., Chao B.S., Sandoval O.J., 2003. Preparation and characterization of polycrystalline MnS thin films by the RF-sputtering technique above room temperature. Journal of Crystal Growth, 256, pp.12-19.
5. [5] Gümüs C., Ulutaş C., Ufuktepe Y., 2007. Optical and structural properties of manganese sulfide thin films. Optical Materials, 29, pp.1183-1187.
6. [6] Ulutaş C., Gumus C., 2016. Annealing effect on structural and optical properties of chemical bath deposited MnS thin film.AIP Conference Proceedings, 2016, 1722, pp.080008
7. [7] Gümüs C., Ulutaş C., Esen O. M., Özkendir R., Ufuktepe Y., 2005. Preparation and characterization of crystalline MnS thin films by chemical bath deposition. Thin Solid Films, 492, pp 1-5.
8. [8] Hannachi A., Maghraoui-Meherzi H., 2017.Growth of different phases and morphological features of MnS thin films by chemical bath deposition: Effect of deposition parameters and annealing. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 247, pp. 120–130.

9. [9] Hannachi A., Hammami S., Raouafi N., Maghraoui-Meherzi H., 2016. Preparation of manganese sulfide (MnS) thin films by chemical bath deposition: Application of the experimental design methodology. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 663, pp. 507-515.
10. [10] Pahtan H.M., Kale S.S., Lokhande C.D., Han S.H., Joo O.S., 2007. Preparation and characterization of amorphous manganese sulfide thin films by SILAR method. Materials Research Bulletin, 42, pp. 1565-1569.
11. [11] Moreno-García H., Sigala-Valdez J.O., Martínez Blanco Ma del R., Cruz Reyes I., Durón-Torres S.M., Escalante-García I.L., Del Rio-De Santiago A., 2024. Effect in variation of the cationic precursor temperature on the electrical and crystalline properties of MnS growth by SILAR. Heliyon, 10, pp. e26703.
12. [12] Liu X., Zhang Y., Zhang Y., Bi Z., Zhou J., Xu R., Ruan S., 2025. High response MSM UV photodetectors based on MgZnO/MnS heterojunction. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 185, pp.108946-108953.
13. [13] Zheng Z., Liu D., Sun X., Geng Z., Wang Q., Hou J., 2025. SILAR synthesis of CdS-ZnS/TiO2 NTs for photocatalytic H2 evolution and dye degradation. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 707, pp.135922-135932.
14. [14] Lee W.J., Hsua T. W., Lee W.L., Thaia T. T., Chen C. C., 2025. Surface modification of carbon felt electrodes with SnO2 nanocoatings by using the SILAR method for enhanced performance in vanadium redox flow batteries. Applied Surface Science, 686, pp.162150-162162.
15. [15] Tan H. J., Shafie S., Zainal Z., Tan S. T., Talib Z. A., Bahrudin N. N., 2025. ZnO nanorods anchored SnS through successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) approach for enhanced performance photoelectrochemical cell. Applied Materials Today, 42, pp.102581-102591.
16. [16] Reddy D.S., Reddy D.R., Reddy B.K., Reddy A.M., Gunasekhar K.R., Reddy P.S., 2007. Annealing effect on physical properties of thermally evaporated MnS nanocrystalline films. Journal Optoelectronic Advenced Materials, 9, pp.2019-2022.
17. [17] Hannachi A., Segura A., Maghraoui-Meherzi H., 2016. Growth of manganese sulfide (a-MnS) thin films by thermal vacuum evaporation: Structural, morphological and optical properties. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 181, pp. 326-332.
18. [18] Tigwere Gervais A., Khan Malik D., Nyamen Linda D., Aboud Ahmed A., Moyo T., Dlamini Sanele T., Ndifon Peter T., Revaprasadu N., 2022. Molecular precursor route for the phase selective synthesis of α-MnS or metastable γ-MnS nanomaterials for magnetic studies and deposition of thin films by AACVD. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 139, pp.106330- 106339.
19. [19] Yıldırım M. A., Yıldırım S. T., Cavanmirza İ., Ateş A., 2016. Chemically synthesis and characterization of MnS thin films by SILAR method. Chemical Physics Letters, 647, pp. 73-78.
20. [20] Chaki S. H., Chauhan S. M., Tailor J. T., Deshpande M. P., 2017. Synthesis of manganese sulfide (MnS) thin films by chemical bath deposition and their characterization. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 6, pp. 123-128.
21. [21] Yang Q., Chen Q., Gong F., Li Y., 2023. Fabrication of MnCoS Thin Films Deposited by the SILAR Method with the Assistance of Surfactants and Supercapacitor Properties. Coating, 13 pp. 908-920.
22. [22] Tiwari P., Jaiswal J., Chandra R., 2019. Optical and electrical properties of highly ordered α-, γ- and α + γ-MnS films deposited by reactive sputtering technique. Journal of Applied Physics, 126, 213108-213120.
23. [23] Taşdemirci T.Ç., 2020. Copper Oxide Thin Films Synthesized by SILAR: Role of Varying Annealing Temperature. Electronic Materials Letters, 16, pp.239-246.
24. [24] Akaltun Y., 2023. Fabrication and Characterization of NiSe2 Films Prepared by SILAR Method. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 18, pp.1414-1418.
25. [25] Biswas S., Kar S., Chaudhuri S., 2007. Effect of the precursors and solvents on the size, shape and crystal structure of manganese sulfide crystals in solvothermal synthesis. Materials Science Engineering B, 142, pp.69-77.
26. [26] Girish M., Dhandayuthapani T., Sivakumar R., Sanjeeviraja C., 2015. MnS thin films prepared by a simple and novel nebulizer technique: report on the structural, optical, and dispersion energy parameters. Journal of Materials Science: Materials Electron, 26, pp.3670-3684.
27. [27] Çayir Taşdemirci T., 2025. Synthesis of MnS thin film: investigation of thickness-dependent physical properties. Indian Journal of Physics, pp. 1-8.