Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 126 - 134, 30.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.34088/kojose.1005974

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Mapelli C., Mombelli D., Gruttadauria A., Barella S., Castrodeza E.M., 2013. Performance of stainless steel foams produced by infiltration casting techniques, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 213, pp. 1846–1854
  • [2] Hu L., Ngai T., Peng H., Li L., Zhou F., Peng Z., 2018. Microstructure and properties of porous high-N Ni-free austenitic stainless steel fabricated by powder metallurgical route, Materials, 11 (7), 1058.
  • [3] Smith B. H., Szyniszewski S., Hajjar, J.F., Schafer B. W., Arwade, S. R., 2012. Steel foam for structures: A review of applications, manufacturing and material properties. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 71, 1-10.
  • [4] Banhart J., 2001 "Manufacture, characterization and application of cellular metals and metal foams", Progress in Materials science 46, p. 561.
  • [5] Fathy A., Kamal M., Klingner A., Abd El Aziz A., Saif E., 2012. Steel foam: Heat treatment, mechanical and corrosion behavior. In 2012 International Conference on Engineering and Technology (ICET) (pp. 1-5).
  • [6] Jain H., Mondal D.P., Gupta G., Kumar R., Singh S., 2020. Synthesis and characterization of 316L stainless steel foam made through two different removal process of space holder method. Manufacturing Letters, 26, 33-36.
  • [7] Jain H., Mondal D.P., Gupta G., Kumar, R., 2021. Effect of compressive strain rate on the deformation behaviour of austenitic stainless steel foam produced by space holder technique. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 259, 124010.
  • [8] Gülsoy H. Ö., German R. M., 2013. Sintered foams from precipitation hardened stainless steel powder. Powder Metall, 51, 350–353.
  • [9] Kato K., Yamamoto A., Ochiai S., Wada M., Daigo Y., Kita K., 2013. Cytocompatibility and mechanical properties of novel porous 316L stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng, C, 33, 2736–2743.
  • [10] Babcsán N., Banhart J., Leitlmeier D., 2003. Metal Foams-Manufacture and Physics of Foaming, 5-14.
  • [11] Wang H, Zhou X.Y, Long B., 2014. Fabrication of stainless steel foams using polymeric sponge impregnation technology. Adv Mater Res. 1035. 219–224.
  • [12] Jain H, Gupta G, Kumar R, Mondal D.P., 2019. Microstructure and compressive deformation behavior of SS foam made through evaporation of urea as space holder. Mater Chem Phys. 223. 737–744.
  • [13] Sazegaran H., Feizi A., Hojati M. 2019. Effect of Cr contents on the porosity percentage, microstructure, and mechanical properties of steel foams manufactured by powder metallurgy. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 72 (10), 2819-2826.
  • [14] Lefebvre L.P., Banhart J., Dunand D.C., 2008. Porous Metals and Metallic Foams: Current Status and Recent Developments, Advanced Engineering Materials, 10, 775-787.
  • [15] Aşık E.E., Bor Ş., 2015. Fatigue behavior of Ti–6Al–4V foams processed by magnesium space holder technique, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 621, 157–165.
  • [16] Mansourighasri A., Muhamad N., Sulong A.B., 2012. Processing titanium foams using tapioca starch as a space holder, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 212, 83–89.
  • [17] Jakubowicz J., Adamek G., Pałka K., Andrzejewski D., 2015. Micro-CT analysis and mechanical properties of Ti spherical and polyhedral void composites made with saccharose as a space holder material, Mater. Char. 100. 13–20.
  • [18] Salvo C., Aguilar C., Lascano S., P´erez L., L´opez M., Mangalaraja R.V., 2018. The effect of alumina particles on the microstructural and mechanical properties of copper foams fabricated by space-holder method, Mater. Res. Express 5, 056514.
  • [19] Lu M., Zhao Y. 2010. Mechanical properties of LCS porous steel: comparison between the dissolution and decomposition routes. Minerals, Metals and Materials Society/AIME, 420 Commonwealth Dr., P. O. Box 430 Warrendale PA 15086 USA. [np].
  • [20] Bafti H., Habibolahzadeh A., 2013. Compressive properties of aluminum foam produced by powder-Carbamide spacer route, Mater. Des. 52 404–411.
  • [21] Bekoz N., Oktay E. 2012. Effects of carbamide shape and content on processing and properties of steel foams. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212(10), 2109-2116.
  • [22] Bekoz N., Oktay E., 2013. Mechanical properties of low alloy steel foams: Dependency on porosity and pore size. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 576, 82-90.
  • [23] Mirzaei M., Paydar M.H., 2019. Fabrication and characterization of core–shell density-graded 316L stainless steel porous structure. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 28(1), 221-230.
  • [24] Huang B.S., Fu S., Zhang S.S., Ju C.Y., Wu S.S., Peng H. 2019. Preparation and property test of porous Cu–Sn alloy by powder filling and sintering method. Materials Research Express, 6(10), 1065g6.
  • [25] Höganäs Handbook for Sintered Components, 2004. Höganäs Iron and Steel Powder for Sintered Components. Höganäs AB, Sweden.
  • [26] Danninger H., Kremel S., Molinari A., Puscas T. M, Torralba J., Campos M., Yu Y. 2001. Heat treatment of Cr-Mo sintered steels based on Astaloy CrM. In EURO PM 2001, European Congress and Exhibition on Powder Metallurgy (pp. 28-33).
  • [27] Andersson O., Berg S. 2005. Machining of Chromium-Alloyed PM Steels. Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, 2, 6.
  • [28] Hu B., Klekovkin A., Milligan D., Engstrom U., Berg S., Maroli B. 2004. Properties of High Density Cr-Mo Pre-Alloyed Materials High-Temperature Sintered. Advances in Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials, 2, 7-28.
  • [29] Kotan G., Bor A.Ş. 2007. Production and characterization of high porosity Ti-6Al-4V foam by space holder technique in powder metallurgy. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 31(3), 149-156.
  • [30] Bafti H, Habibolahzadeh A., 2010. Production of aluminum foam by spherical carbamide space holder technique-processing parameters. Mater Des, 31, 4122–4129.
  • [31] Schaber P.M., Colson J., Higgins S., Thielen D., Anspach B., Brauer J. 2004. Thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of urea in an open reaction vessel. Thermochimica acta, 424(1-2), 131-142
  • [32] Kotan G., 2006. Production and Characterization of Porous Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V, A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University. The Degree of Master of Science In Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
  • [33] Gülsoy H.O., Timac G. 2020. Ni-90 superalloy foam processed by space-holder technique: microstructural and mechanical characterization. Nanomaterials Science & Engineering, 2(3), 113-123.
  • [34] Park C., Nutt S.R. 2001. Effects of process parameters on steel foam synthesis. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 297(1-2), 62-68.
  • [35] Park C., Nutt S.R. 2002. Strain rate sensitivity and defects in steel foam. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 323(1-2), 358-366.

Characterization of Cr-Mo Alloyed Steel Foams Produced by Evaporative and Leachable Space Holder Techniques

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 126 - 134, 30.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.34088/kojose.1005974

Öz

Steel foams have attracted a lot of attention in both academia and industry with unique properties such as low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, operating temperature, good energy absorption, electrical conductivity, and large specific surface. The development of production methods will increase the use of steel foam. In this paper, Cr-Mo alloyed steel foams having porosities in the range of 46.8-71.3% were produced by evaporative and leachable space holder techniques in powder metallurgy. The effect on the properties of removing the carbamide used as a space holder material from the porous structure by different methods was compared. Microstructural evaluations of the pore wall, pore size, pore wall thickness, and the compressive deformation behavior of steel foam were evaluated. Steel foams produced by both routes have a rather similar macropore structure but differences in pore wall structure such as micropore ratio and pore wall thickness. The differences increase with increasing porosity content. The mechanical properties are higher in foams produced by the evaporative route as compared to the leachable route at similar porosity due to its stronger cell wall. The compressive stress and energy absorption of the leachable and evaporative process are in the range of 15-84 and 102 MPa and 1.91-6.03 and 2.98-7.83 J/mm2, respectively.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Mapelli C., Mombelli D., Gruttadauria A., Barella S., Castrodeza E.M., 2013. Performance of stainless steel foams produced by infiltration casting techniques, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 213, pp. 1846–1854
  • [2] Hu L., Ngai T., Peng H., Li L., Zhou F., Peng Z., 2018. Microstructure and properties of porous high-N Ni-free austenitic stainless steel fabricated by powder metallurgical route, Materials, 11 (7), 1058.
  • [3] Smith B. H., Szyniszewski S., Hajjar, J.F., Schafer B. W., Arwade, S. R., 2012. Steel foam for structures: A review of applications, manufacturing and material properties. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 71, 1-10.
  • [4] Banhart J., 2001 "Manufacture, characterization and application of cellular metals and metal foams", Progress in Materials science 46, p. 561.
  • [5] Fathy A., Kamal M., Klingner A., Abd El Aziz A., Saif E., 2012. Steel foam: Heat treatment, mechanical and corrosion behavior. In 2012 International Conference on Engineering and Technology (ICET) (pp. 1-5).
  • [6] Jain H., Mondal D.P., Gupta G., Kumar R., Singh S., 2020. Synthesis and characterization of 316L stainless steel foam made through two different removal process of space holder method. Manufacturing Letters, 26, 33-36.
  • [7] Jain H., Mondal D.P., Gupta G., Kumar, R., 2021. Effect of compressive strain rate on the deformation behaviour of austenitic stainless steel foam produced by space holder technique. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 259, 124010.
  • [8] Gülsoy H. Ö., German R. M., 2013. Sintered foams from precipitation hardened stainless steel powder. Powder Metall, 51, 350–353.
  • [9] Kato K., Yamamoto A., Ochiai S., Wada M., Daigo Y., Kita K., 2013. Cytocompatibility and mechanical properties of novel porous 316L stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng, C, 33, 2736–2743.
  • [10] Babcsán N., Banhart J., Leitlmeier D., 2003. Metal Foams-Manufacture and Physics of Foaming, 5-14.
  • [11] Wang H, Zhou X.Y, Long B., 2014. Fabrication of stainless steel foams using polymeric sponge impregnation technology. Adv Mater Res. 1035. 219–224.
  • [12] Jain H, Gupta G, Kumar R, Mondal D.P., 2019. Microstructure and compressive deformation behavior of SS foam made through evaporation of urea as space holder. Mater Chem Phys. 223. 737–744.
  • [13] Sazegaran H., Feizi A., Hojati M. 2019. Effect of Cr contents on the porosity percentage, microstructure, and mechanical properties of steel foams manufactured by powder metallurgy. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 72 (10), 2819-2826.
  • [14] Lefebvre L.P., Banhart J., Dunand D.C., 2008. Porous Metals and Metallic Foams: Current Status and Recent Developments, Advanced Engineering Materials, 10, 775-787.
  • [15] Aşık E.E., Bor Ş., 2015. Fatigue behavior of Ti–6Al–4V foams processed by magnesium space holder technique, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 621, 157–165.
  • [16] Mansourighasri A., Muhamad N., Sulong A.B., 2012. Processing titanium foams using tapioca starch as a space holder, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 212, 83–89.
  • [17] Jakubowicz J., Adamek G., Pałka K., Andrzejewski D., 2015. Micro-CT analysis and mechanical properties of Ti spherical and polyhedral void composites made with saccharose as a space holder material, Mater. Char. 100. 13–20.
  • [18] Salvo C., Aguilar C., Lascano S., P´erez L., L´opez M., Mangalaraja R.V., 2018. The effect of alumina particles on the microstructural and mechanical properties of copper foams fabricated by space-holder method, Mater. Res. Express 5, 056514.
  • [19] Lu M., Zhao Y. 2010. Mechanical properties of LCS porous steel: comparison between the dissolution and decomposition routes. Minerals, Metals and Materials Society/AIME, 420 Commonwealth Dr., P. O. Box 430 Warrendale PA 15086 USA. [np].
  • [20] Bafti H., Habibolahzadeh A., 2013. Compressive properties of aluminum foam produced by powder-Carbamide spacer route, Mater. Des. 52 404–411.
  • [21] Bekoz N., Oktay E. 2012. Effects of carbamide shape and content on processing and properties of steel foams. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212(10), 2109-2116.
  • [22] Bekoz N., Oktay E., 2013. Mechanical properties of low alloy steel foams: Dependency on porosity and pore size. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 576, 82-90.
  • [23] Mirzaei M., Paydar M.H., 2019. Fabrication and characterization of core–shell density-graded 316L stainless steel porous structure. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 28(1), 221-230.
  • [24] Huang B.S., Fu S., Zhang S.S., Ju C.Y., Wu S.S., Peng H. 2019. Preparation and property test of porous Cu–Sn alloy by powder filling and sintering method. Materials Research Express, 6(10), 1065g6.
  • [25] Höganäs Handbook for Sintered Components, 2004. Höganäs Iron and Steel Powder for Sintered Components. Höganäs AB, Sweden.
  • [26] Danninger H., Kremel S., Molinari A., Puscas T. M, Torralba J., Campos M., Yu Y. 2001. Heat treatment of Cr-Mo sintered steels based on Astaloy CrM. In EURO PM 2001, European Congress and Exhibition on Powder Metallurgy (pp. 28-33).
  • [27] Andersson O., Berg S. 2005. Machining of Chromium-Alloyed PM Steels. Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, 2, 6.
  • [28] Hu B., Klekovkin A., Milligan D., Engstrom U., Berg S., Maroli B. 2004. Properties of High Density Cr-Mo Pre-Alloyed Materials High-Temperature Sintered. Advances in Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials, 2, 7-28.
  • [29] Kotan G., Bor A.Ş. 2007. Production and characterization of high porosity Ti-6Al-4V foam by space holder technique in powder metallurgy. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 31(3), 149-156.
  • [30] Bafti H, Habibolahzadeh A., 2010. Production of aluminum foam by spherical carbamide space holder technique-processing parameters. Mater Des, 31, 4122–4129.
  • [31] Schaber P.M., Colson J., Higgins S., Thielen D., Anspach B., Brauer J. 2004. Thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of urea in an open reaction vessel. Thermochimica acta, 424(1-2), 131-142
  • [32] Kotan G., 2006. Production and Characterization of Porous Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V, A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University. The Degree of Master of Science In Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
  • [33] Gülsoy H.O., Timac G. 2020. Ni-90 superalloy foam processed by space-holder technique: microstructural and mechanical characterization. Nanomaterials Science & Engineering, 2(3), 113-123.
  • [34] Park C., Nutt S.R. 2001. Effects of process parameters on steel foam synthesis. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 297(1-2), 62-68.
  • [35] Park C., Nutt S.R. 2002. Strain rate sensitivity and defects in steel foam. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 323(1-2), 358-366.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Malzeme Karekterizasyonu
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nuray Beköz Üllen 0000-0003-2705-2559

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 17 Ekim 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2022
Kabul Tarihi 17 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Beköz Üllen, N. (2022). Characterization of Cr-Mo Alloyed Steel Foams Produced by Evaporative and Leachable Space Holder Techniques. Kocaeli Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.34088/kojose.1005974