17. ve 18. Yüzyıl Avrupa Tarihinde Blok Flüt Yapımcıları

Öz

Üflemeli çalgıların bir üyesi olan blok flüt, 15. yüzyıldan 18. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar Avrupa’da popüler bir çalgı olarak kullanılmıştır. Blok flüt, özellikle 17. yüzyıl ve 18. yüzyıl arasında altın çağını yaşamış bir çalgıdır. Bu dönemde blok flüt, solo olarak şarkılara ve danslara eşlik eden ve çalgı müziği topluluklarında sesi katlamak için kullanılan bir çalgı olmuştur. 19. yüzyılda önceki yüzyıllara göre kullanımı azalan blok flüt, 20. yüzyıla gelindiğinde plastik malzemelerden üretilmiş bir okul çalgısı olarak eğitim faaliyetlerinde kullanılmak üzere yeniden gün yüzüne çıkmıştır. Ayrıca blok flüt günümüzde tarihsel performanslarda kullanılan bir çalgı olarak klasik müzik çalışmalarına yeniden dahil edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada blok flütün Avrupa tarihi ve barok dönemi kapsayan 17. ve 18. yüzyıllarda çeşitli Avrupa ülkelerinde faaliyet gösteren blok flüt yapımcılarının ve tasarladıkları blok flütlerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan araştırmada Thomas Coenraet Boekhout, Peter Bressan, Denner ailesi, Johann Benedict Gahn, Richard Haka, Johann Heitz, Hotteterre ailesi, Carlo Palanca, Johann Pörschmann, Jean Jacques Rippert, Rottenburgh ailesi, Scherer ailesi, Schlegel ailesi, Johann Just Schuchart, Stanesby ailesi, Jan Steenbergen, Engelbert Terton gibi İngiliz, Fransız, Alman, Hollandalı, İsviçreli, Belçikalı ve İtalyan blok flüt yapımcıları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından durum çalışması modeliyle ele alınmış, veriler yazılı ve görsel dokümanlar incelenerek toplanmıştır. Araştırmada 17. ve 18. yüzyılda blok flüt çalgı yapımcılığı konusunda bir kurumsal yapının oluştuğu, farklı tasarımlı blok flütlerin üretildiği ve yapımcıların farklı uygulamalarla deneysel yaklaşımlarda bulunduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Blok flüt
• barok dönem
• çalgı yapımcılığı

Recorder Makers in 17th and 18th Century European History

Öz

The recorder, a member of the wind instrument family, was a popular instrument in Europe from the 15th to the late 18th century. The recorder is an instrument that experienced its golden age particularly between the 17th and 18th centuries. In this period, the recorder was used to accompany songs and dances solo and to amplify the sound in instrumental ensembles. The recorder, whose use declined in the 19th century compared to previous centuries, reappeared in the 20th century as a school instrument made of plastic materials and used in educational activities. Furthermore, the recorder has been reintroduced into classical music studies as an instrument used in historical performances. This study aims to identify recorder makers and the recorders they designed in various European countries during the 17th and 18th centuries, encompassing the European history and Baroque period. The research identified British, French, German, Dutch, Swiss, Belgian, and Italian recorder makers, including Thomas Coenraet Boekhout, Peter Bressan, the Denner family, Johann Benedict Gahn, Richard Haka, Johann Heitz, the Hotteterre family, Carlo Palanca, Johann Pörschmann, Jean Jacques Rippert, the Rottenburgh family, the Scherer family, the Schlegel family, Johann Just Schuchart, the Stanesby family, Jan Steenbergen, and Engelbert Terton. The study employed a case study model, a qualitative research approach, and data was collected through the examination of written and visual documents. The research concluded that an institutional structure for recorder making emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries, that recorders with different designs were produced, and that makers even experimented with different techniques and approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Recorder
• baroque period
• instrument making

Kaynakça

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