Araştırma Makalesi
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An Evaluation of Herbal Approaches for Managing Performance Anxiety in Singers

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 656 - 669, 25.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONS2024-1560631

Öz

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of herbal treatment approaches in managing performance anxiety, a condition commonly observed among singers. In this context, the efficacy of 19 plants has been evaluated. Performance anxiety constitutes a significant challenge for performing artists and can negatively impact their professional performance. Conventional treatment methods do not always yield satisfactory results and may cause side effects. This situation highlights herbal remedies as a natural alternative with minimal side effects.
Within the scope of the study, 19 plants used in the management of performance anxiety were examined. The anxiolytic, neuroprotective, cognitive function-supporting, sleep-regulating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of these plants were assessed. The findings indicate that these plants may potentially help alleviate performance anxiety; however, side effects such as sedation, dizziness, and gastrointestinal discomfort should be carefully monitored during performance. Moreover, it is emphasized that the usage and timing of these herbal treatments should be planned with the support of a healthcare professional.
The research suggests that herbal therapies could provide a significant alternative for singers experiencing performance anxiety, though individual responses to these treatments may vary. Future studies could explore the long-term effects of these plants and individual differences more comprehensively, contributing to the development of safer and more effective protocols for performing artists. In this regard, the study offers practical recommendations for the safe and informed use of herbal approaches and makes a notable contribution to the literature.

Kaynakça

  • Abubakar, A., & Haque, M. (2020). Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences, 12, 1 - 10. google scholar
  • Akhondzadeh, S., & Maleki, J. (2007). Herbal medicines in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 1, 1-11. google scholar
  • Amsterdam, J., Li, Y., Soeller, I., Rockwell, K., Mao, J., & Shults, J. (2009). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29, 378-382. google scholar
  • Amsterdam, J., Yao, Y., Mao, J., Soeller, I., Rockwell, K., & Shults, J. (2009). Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) in women with anxiety disorder due to menopause. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29, 478-483. google scholar
  • Azimipour, A., Loripoor, M., & Sadeghi, T. (2017). The effect of black cohosh (cimicifuga racemosa) on menopausal symptoms: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 16, 715-726. google scholar
  • Bakhshaei, S. (2017). Phyto-pharmacological effect of nine medicinal plants as a traditional treatment on depression. Journal of Applied Pharmacy, 9, 1-5. google scholar
  • Ben-Eliezer, D., & Yechiam, E. (2016). Hypericum perforatum as a cognitive enhancer in rodents: A meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 6. google scholar
  • Bhattacharya, S., & Ghosal, S. (1998). Anxiolytic activity of a standardized extract of Bacopa monniera: an experimental study. Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, 5 2, 77-82 . google scholar
  • Bradwejn, J., Zhou, Y., Koszycki, D., & Shlik, J. (2000). A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) on acoustic startle response in healthy subjects. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20 6, 680-684. google scholar
  • Brown, J., Del Pozzi, A. T., & Hicks-Little, C. (2019). Anxiety disorders and exercise: The role for health and fitness professionals. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 41(5), 41-47. google scholar
  • Brugues, A. O. (2011). Cognitive-behavioural treatment of musical performance anxiety, Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 26(3), 123-128. google scholar
  • Brugues, A. O. (2011). Interventions for music performance anxiety: results from a systematic literature review. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 26(3), 123-128. google scholar
  • Chavanne, A. V., & Robinson, O. J. (2021). The overlapping neurobiology of induced and pathological anxiety: A meta-analysis of functional neural activation. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(2), 156-164. google scholar
  • De Oliveira, D. F., Martins, J. A., & Oliveira, C. R. (2022). Pharmacological aspects of Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Brazilian Journal of Natural Sciences, 4(3), Article e1532022. google scholar
  • Dutt, V., Dhar, V. J., & Sharma, A. (2010). Antianxiety activity of Gelsemium sempervirens. Pharmaceutical Biology, 48(10), 1091-1096. google scholar
  • El-Alfy, A., Manlimos, K., Patel, N., Kendrek, J., & Abourashed, E. (2017). Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) for Indirect Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System. The FASEB Journal, 31(1), lb580-lb580. google scholar
  • Emilien, G., Dinan, T., Lepola, U. M., & Durlach, C. (2002). Normal and pathological anxiety. In G. Emilien, T. Dinan, U. M. Lepola, & C. Durlach (Eds.), Anxiety Disorders: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Treatment (pp. 1-30) google scholar
  • Enbom, E., Le, M., Oesterich, L., Rutgers, J., & French, S. (2014). Mechanism of hepatotoxicity due to black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa): histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopy analysis of two liver biopsies with clinical correlation. Experimental and Molecular Pathology, 96 3, 279-83. google scholar
  • Fateh, A., Mohamed, Z., Chik, Z., Alsalahi, A., Zain, S., & Alshawsh, M. (2019). Mutagenicity and genotoxicity effects of Verbena officinalis leaves extract in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 235, 88-99. google scholar
  • Frattaruolo, L., Carullo, G., Brindisi, M., Mazzotta, S., Bellissimo, L., Rago, V., Curcio, R., Dolce, V., Aiello, F., & Cappello, A. R. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of flavanones from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) leaf phytocomplexes: Identification of licoflavanone as a modulator of NF-kB/MAPK pathway. Antioxidants, 8(6), Article 186. google scholar
  • Ghaderi, A., Asbaghi, O., Reiner, Z., Kolahdooz, F., Amirani, E., Mirzaei, H., Banafshe, H., Dana, P., & Asemi, Z. (2020). The effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on mental health parameters and C-reactive protein: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 48, 102250. google scholar
  • Ghajar, A., Neishabouri, S. M., Velayati, N., Jahangard, L., Matinnia, N., Haghighi, M., Ghaleiha, A., Afarideh, M., Salimi, S., Meysamie, A., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2017). Crocus sativus L. versus citalopram in the treatment of major depressive disorder with anxious distress: A double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Pharmacopsychiatry, 50(4), 152-160. google scholar
  • Isberg, R.S. (1984). Emergency Care of Anxious Patients. In: Bassuk, E.L., Birk, A.W. (eds) Emergency Psychiatry. Critical Issues in Psychiatry. Springer, Boston, MA. google scholar
  • Ivanova Stojcheva, E., & Quintela, J. C. (2022). The effectiveness of Rhodiola rosea L. preparations in alleviating various aspects of life-stress symptoms and stress-induced conditions—Encouraging clinical evidence. Molecules, 27(12), Article 3902. google scholar
  • Janda, K., Wojtkowska, K., Jakubczyk, K., Antoniewicz, J., & Skonieczna-Zydecka, K. (2020). Passiflora incarnata in neuropsychiatric disor-ders—A systematic review. Nutrients, 12(12), Article 3894. google scholar
  • Joukar, S., Ghasemipour-Afshar, E., Sheibani, M., Naghsh, N., & Bashiri, A. (2013). Protective effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) against lethal ventricular arrhythmias induced by heart reperfusion in rat: A potential anti-arrhythmic agent. Pharmaceutical Biology, 51, 836-843. google scholar
  • Keegan, A., Stough, C., Paris, D., Luis, C., Abdullah, L., Ait-Ghezala, G., Crawford, F., & Mullan, M. (2023). Bacopa monnieri supplementation has no effect on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels but beneficially modulates nuclear factor kappa B and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein levels in healthy elderly subjects. Journal of Clinical and Translational Research, 9, 50-58. google scholar
  • Kenny, D. T. (2011). The psychology of music performance anxiety. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Khalsa, S. B. S., Shorter, S. M., Cope, S., Wyshak, G., & Sklar, E. (2009). Yoga ameliorates performance anxiety and mood disturbance in young professional musicians. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 34(4), 279-289. google scholar
  • Khan, A., Khan, A., & Ahmed, T. (2016). Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative activities of verbena officinalis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2016.00499/full google scholar
  • Krippendorff, K. (2013). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. SAGE Publications. google scholar
  • Kyrou, I., Christou, A., Panagiotakos, D., Stefanaki, C., Skenderi, K., Katsana, K., & Tsigos, C. (2017). Effects of a hops (Humulus lupulus L.) dry extract supplement on self-reported depression, anxiety, and stress levels in apparently healthy young adults: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover pilot study. Hormones, 16(2), 171-180. google scholar
  • Lai, S., Yu, M., Yuen, W., & Chang, R. (2006). Novel neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extracts from Verbena officinalis Linn. Neurophar-macology, 50, 641-650. google scholar
  • Lakhan, S., & Vieira, K. (2010). Nutritional and herbal supplements for anxiety and anxiety-related disorders: systematic review. Nutrition Journal, 9, 42. google scholar
  • Limanaqi, F., Biagioni, F., Busceti, C., Polzella, M., Fabrizi, C., & Fornai, F. (2020). Potential antidepressant effects of scutellaria baicalensis, Hericium erinaceus and Rhodiola rosea. Antioxidants, 9(3), 234. google scholar
  • Mazidi, M., Shemshian, M., Mousavi, S., Norouzy, A., Kermani, T., Moghiman, T., Sadeghi, A., Mokhber, N., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., & Ferns, G. (2016). A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the treatment of anxiety and depression. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 13, 195-199. google scholar
  • Memarzia, A., Khazdair, M. R., Behrouz, S., Gholamnezhad, Z., Jafarnezhad, M., Saadat, S., & Boskabady, M. H. (2021). Experimental and clinical reports on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa and curcumin: An updated and comprehensive review. BioFactors, 47(3), 311-350. google scholar
  • McKay, D., & Blumberg, J. (2006). A Review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytotherapy Research, 20(7), 519-530. google scholar
  • Nagel, J. J., Himle, D. P., & Papsdorf, J. (1989). Cognitive-behavioural treatment of musical performance anxiety. Psychology of Music, 17(1), 12-21. google scholar
  • Neuendorf, K. A. (2017). The content analysis guidebook. SAGE Publications. google scholar
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Şarkıcılardaki Performans Anksiyetesinin Yönetiminde Kullanılabilecek Bitkisel Yaklaşımlar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 656 - 669, 25.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONS2024-1560631

Öz

Bu araştırma, şarkıcılar arasında yaygın olarak görülen performans anksiyetesinin yönetiminde bitkisel tedavi yaklaşımlarının etkinliğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda 19 tane bitkinin konudaki etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Performans anksiyetesi, sahne sanatçıları için ciddi bir sorun teşkil etmekte ve mesleki performanslarını olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Geleneksel tedavi yöntemleri her zaman yeterli sonuçları vermemekte ve yan etkiler yaratabilmektedir. Bu durum, bitkisel tedavi yöntemlerini doğal ve yan etkileri az olan alternatif bir seçenek olarak öne çıkarmaktadır.
Araştırma kapsamında, performans anksiyetesinin yönetiminde kullanılan 19 bitki incelenmiştir. Bu bitkilerin anksiyolitik, nöroprotektif, bilişsel işlev destekleyici, uyku düzenleyici, antioksidan ve anti-enflamatuvar etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, bu bitkilerin performans anksiyetesini hafifletmede potansiyel olarak faydalı olabileceğini, ancak sedasyon, baş dönmesi, mide rahatsızlığı gibi yan etkilerinin performans sırasında dikkatle izlenmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda, bu bitkilerin kullanım şekli ve zamanlamasının bir sağlık profesyonelinden destek alınarak planlanması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Araştırma, bitkisel tedavilerin performans anksiyetesi yaşayan şarkıcılar için önemli bir alternatif sunabileceğini, ancak her bireyin bu tedavilere verdiği tepkinin farklı olabileceğini göstermektedir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, bu bitkilerin uzun vadeli etkilerini ve bireysel farklılıkları daha derinlemesine inceleyerek, sahne sanatçıları için daha güvenli ve etkili protokollerin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu kapsamda, araştırma bitkisel yaklaşımların güvenli ve bilinçli kullanımına yönelik pratik öneriler sunmakta ve literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abubakar, A., & Haque, M. (2020). Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences, 12, 1 - 10. google scholar
  • Akhondzadeh, S., & Maleki, J. (2007). Herbal medicines in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 1, 1-11. google scholar
  • Amsterdam, J., Li, Y., Soeller, I., Rockwell, K., Mao, J., & Shults, J. (2009). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29, 378-382. google scholar
  • Amsterdam, J., Yao, Y., Mao, J., Soeller, I., Rockwell, K., & Shults, J. (2009). Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) in women with anxiety disorder due to menopause. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29, 478-483. google scholar
  • Azimipour, A., Loripoor, M., & Sadeghi, T. (2017). The effect of black cohosh (cimicifuga racemosa) on menopausal symptoms: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 16, 715-726. google scholar
  • Bakhshaei, S. (2017). Phyto-pharmacological effect of nine medicinal plants as a traditional treatment on depression. Journal of Applied Pharmacy, 9, 1-5. google scholar
  • Ben-Eliezer, D., & Yechiam, E. (2016). Hypericum perforatum as a cognitive enhancer in rodents: A meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 6. google scholar
  • Bhattacharya, S., & Ghosal, S. (1998). Anxiolytic activity of a standardized extract of Bacopa monniera: an experimental study. Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, 5 2, 77-82 . google scholar
  • Bradwejn, J., Zhou, Y., Koszycki, D., & Shlik, J. (2000). A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) on acoustic startle response in healthy subjects. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20 6, 680-684. google scholar
  • Brown, J., Del Pozzi, A. T., & Hicks-Little, C. (2019). Anxiety disorders and exercise: The role for health and fitness professionals. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 41(5), 41-47. google scholar
  • Brugues, A. O. (2011). Cognitive-behavioural treatment of musical performance anxiety, Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 26(3), 123-128. google scholar
  • Brugues, A. O. (2011). Interventions for music performance anxiety: results from a systematic literature review. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 26(3), 123-128. google scholar
  • Chavanne, A. V., & Robinson, O. J. (2021). The overlapping neurobiology of induced and pathological anxiety: A meta-analysis of functional neural activation. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(2), 156-164. google scholar
  • De Oliveira, D. F., Martins, J. A., & Oliveira, C. R. (2022). Pharmacological aspects of Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Brazilian Journal of Natural Sciences, 4(3), Article e1532022. google scholar
  • Dutt, V., Dhar, V. J., & Sharma, A. (2010). Antianxiety activity of Gelsemium sempervirens. Pharmaceutical Biology, 48(10), 1091-1096. google scholar
  • El-Alfy, A., Manlimos, K., Patel, N., Kendrek, J., & Abourashed, E. (2017). Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) for Indirect Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System. The FASEB Journal, 31(1), lb580-lb580. google scholar
  • Emilien, G., Dinan, T., Lepola, U. M., & Durlach, C. (2002). Normal and pathological anxiety. In G. Emilien, T. Dinan, U. M. Lepola, & C. Durlach (Eds.), Anxiety Disorders: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Treatment (pp. 1-30) google scholar
  • Enbom, E., Le, M., Oesterich, L., Rutgers, J., & French, S. (2014). Mechanism of hepatotoxicity due to black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa): histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopy analysis of two liver biopsies with clinical correlation. Experimental and Molecular Pathology, 96 3, 279-83. google scholar
  • Fateh, A., Mohamed, Z., Chik, Z., Alsalahi, A., Zain, S., & Alshawsh, M. (2019). Mutagenicity and genotoxicity effects of Verbena officinalis leaves extract in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 235, 88-99. google scholar
  • Frattaruolo, L., Carullo, G., Brindisi, M., Mazzotta, S., Bellissimo, L., Rago, V., Curcio, R., Dolce, V., Aiello, F., & Cappello, A. R. (2019). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of flavanones from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) leaf phytocomplexes: Identification of licoflavanone as a modulator of NF-kB/MAPK pathway. Antioxidants, 8(6), Article 186. google scholar
  • Ghaderi, A., Asbaghi, O., Reiner, Z., Kolahdooz, F., Amirani, E., Mirzaei, H., Banafshe, H., Dana, P., & Asemi, Z. (2020). The effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on mental health parameters and C-reactive protein: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 48, 102250. google scholar
  • Ghajar, A., Neishabouri, S. M., Velayati, N., Jahangard, L., Matinnia, N., Haghighi, M., Ghaleiha, A., Afarideh, M., Salimi, S., Meysamie, A., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2017). Crocus sativus L. versus citalopram in the treatment of major depressive disorder with anxious distress: A double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Pharmacopsychiatry, 50(4), 152-160. google scholar
  • Isberg, R.S. (1984). Emergency Care of Anxious Patients. In: Bassuk, E.L., Birk, A.W. (eds) Emergency Psychiatry. Critical Issues in Psychiatry. Springer, Boston, MA. google scholar
  • Ivanova Stojcheva, E., & Quintela, J. C. (2022). The effectiveness of Rhodiola rosea L. preparations in alleviating various aspects of life-stress symptoms and stress-induced conditions—Encouraging clinical evidence. Molecules, 27(12), Article 3902. google scholar
  • Janda, K., Wojtkowska, K., Jakubczyk, K., Antoniewicz, J., & Skonieczna-Zydecka, K. (2020). Passiflora incarnata in neuropsychiatric disor-ders—A systematic review. Nutrients, 12(12), Article 3894. google scholar
  • Joukar, S., Ghasemipour-Afshar, E., Sheibani, M., Naghsh, N., & Bashiri, A. (2013). Protective effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) against lethal ventricular arrhythmias induced by heart reperfusion in rat: A potential anti-arrhythmic agent. Pharmaceutical Biology, 51, 836-843. google scholar
  • Keegan, A., Stough, C., Paris, D., Luis, C., Abdullah, L., Ait-Ghezala, G., Crawford, F., & Mullan, M. (2023). Bacopa monnieri supplementation has no effect on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels but beneficially modulates nuclear factor kappa B and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein levels in healthy elderly subjects. Journal of Clinical and Translational Research, 9, 50-58. google scholar
  • Kenny, D. T. (2011). The psychology of music performance anxiety. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Khalsa, S. B. S., Shorter, S. M., Cope, S., Wyshak, G., & Sklar, E. (2009). Yoga ameliorates performance anxiety and mood disturbance in young professional musicians. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 34(4), 279-289. google scholar
  • Khan, A., Khan, A., & Ahmed, T. (2016). Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative activities of verbena officinalis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2016.00499/full google scholar
  • Krippendorff, K. (2013). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. SAGE Publications. google scholar
  • Kyrou, I., Christou, A., Panagiotakos, D., Stefanaki, C., Skenderi, K., Katsana, K., & Tsigos, C. (2017). Effects of a hops (Humulus lupulus L.) dry extract supplement on self-reported depression, anxiety, and stress levels in apparently healthy young adults: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover pilot study. Hormones, 16(2), 171-180. google scholar
  • Lai, S., Yu, M., Yuen, W., & Chang, R. (2006). Novel neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extracts from Verbena officinalis Linn. Neurophar-macology, 50, 641-650. google scholar
  • Lakhan, S., & Vieira, K. (2010). Nutritional and herbal supplements for anxiety and anxiety-related disorders: systematic review. Nutrition Journal, 9, 42. google scholar
  • Limanaqi, F., Biagioni, F., Busceti, C., Polzella, M., Fabrizi, C., & Fornai, F. (2020). Potential antidepressant effects of scutellaria baicalensis, Hericium erinaceus and Rhodiola rosea. Antioxidants, 9(3), 234. google scholar
  • Mazidi, M., Shemshian, M., Mousavi, S., Norouzy, A., Kermani, T., Moghiman, T., Sadeghi, A., Mokhber, N., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., & Ferns, G. (2016). A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the treatment of anxiety and depression. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 13, 195-199. google scholar
  • Memarzia, A., Khazdair, M. R., Behrouz, S., Gholamnezhad, Z., Jafarnezhad, M., Saadat, S., & Boskabady, M. H. (2021). Experimental and clinical reports on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa and curcumin: An updated and comprehensive review. BioFactors, 47(3), 311-350. google scholar
  • McKay, D., & Blumberg, J. (2006). A Review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytotherapy Research, 20(7), 519-530. google scholar
  • Nagel, J. J., Himle, D. P., & Papsdorf, J. (1989). Cognitive-behavioural treatment of musical performance anxiety. Psychology of Music, 17(1), 12-21. google scholar
  • Neuendorf, K. A. (2017). The content analysis guidebook. SAGE Publications. google scholar
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Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Müzik (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Alper Şakalar 0000-0002-0137-9089

Remziye Eda Kazancı 0000-0002-0322-6633

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 29 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Şakalar, A., & Kazancı, R. E. (2024). An Evaluation of Herbal Approaches for Managing Performance Anxiety in Singers. Konservatoryum, 11(2), 656-669. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONS2024-1560631