Examining the Effect of the Chaos Theory–Based Career Development Support Psychoeducation Program on University Students’ Career Adaptability and Ontological Well-Being

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of a Chaos Theory-based career counseling psychoeducation program, developed for university students, on career adaptability and ontological well-being. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental 2x2 design with two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with pre-test and post-test measurements. The study group consisted of a total of 18 university students, with 9 participants in each group. While the experimental group received a 5-week online psychoeducation program based on Chaos Theory-oriented career counseling, no intervention was applied to the control group. The Career Adaptability Scale and Ontological Well-Being Scale were used as data collection tools. For data analysis, the Mann Whitney U test was used for comparisons between independent groups, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used for comparisons within dependent groups. The analysis results indicated statistically significant increases (p < .05) in the pre-test and post-test scores of career adaptability and ontological well-being in the experimental group. However, no such significant changes were observed in the control group. These findings suggest that the Chaos Theory-based career counseling psychoeducation program positively contributes to the career adaptability and ontological well-being levels of university students.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chaos Theory
• Career Adaptability
• Ontological well-being

Kaos Kuramı Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Temelli Kariyer Gelişimini Destekleme Psiko-Eğitim Programının Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kariyer Uyumu ve Ontolojik İyi Oluşu Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerine yönelik olarak geliştirilen kaos kuramı kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı temelli kariyer gelişimini destekleme psiko-eğitim programının kariyer uyumu ve ontolojik iyi oluş üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir Araştırma, yarı deneysel bir tasarımla, deney ve kontrol gruplarından oluşan iki farklı grupta; ön test ve son test (2x2) şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, her bir grupta (Deney ve Kontrol) 9 katılımcı olmak üzere toplam 18 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Deney grubuna çevrimiçi ortamda 5 haftalık kaos kuramı kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı temelli kariyer gelişimini destekleme psiko-eğitim programı uygulanırken, kontrol grubuna herhangi bir müdahale yapılmamıştır. Veri toplamak için Kariyer Uyumu Ölçeği ve Ontolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız gruplar için Mann Whitney U testi, bağımlı gruplar için ise Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar testi tercih edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, deney grubundaki öğrencilerin kariyer uyumu ve ontolojik iyi oluş ön test- son test puanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artışlar olduğunu göstermiştir (p < .05). Buna karşın, kontrol grubunda bu tür anlamlı değişimler tespit edilmemiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, kaos kuramı kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı temelli kariyer gelişimini destekleme psiko-eğitim programının üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer uyumu ve ontolojik iyi oluş düzeylerini olumlu şekilde geliştirdiğine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kaos Kuramı
• Kariyer uyumu
• Ontolojik iyi oluş

Kaynakça

1. Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties.
2. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
3. Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Oxford University Press.
4. Bimrose, J., Barnes, S.-A., & Hughes, D. (2008). Adult career progression and advancement: A 5-year longitudinal study. University of Warwick, Institute for Employment Research.
5. Bland, J., & Roberts-Pittman, K. (2014). Chaos theory and career development: A new perspective on navigating uncertainty. Journal of Career Development, 41(3), 245–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845313499907
6. Blustein, D. L. (2006). The psychology of working: A new perspective for career development, counseling, and public policy. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7. Borg, T., Bright, J. E. H., & Pryor, R. G. L. (2006). The butterfly model of careers: Illustrating how chaos theory can be applied to career development. Australian Journal of Career Development, 15(3), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620601500305
8. Bright, J. E. H., & Pryor, R. G. L. (2005). The chaos theory of careers: A user’s guide. The Career Development Quarterly, 53(4), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2005.tb00987.x

9. Bright, J. E. H., Pryor, R. G. L., & Rekha, A. (2005a). The role of chance events in career decision making. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(3), 561–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.001
10. Bright, J. E. H., Pryor, R. G. L., & Harpham, L. (2009). The role of chance events in career decision making. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(2), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.06.001
11. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
12. Duffy, J. A. (2000). The application of chaos theory to the career-plateaued worker. Journal of Employment Counseling, 37(4), 229–236. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2000.tb01033.x
13. Erdoğmuş-Zorver, C. (2013). Kariyer yapılandırma kuramına dayalı grup danışmanlığı: Bir uygulama örneği [Group counseling based on career construction theory: An application example]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(39), 1–12.
14. Eryılmaz, A., & Kara, A. (2016). Kariyer Uyumluluğu Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Development of the Career Adaptability Scale: Validity and reliability study]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 6(46), 17–30.
15. Greenleaf, A. T. (2014). Making the best of a bad situation: Career counseling young adults in the wake of economic recession. Journal of Employment Counseling, 51(4), 158–169. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014.00049.x
16. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. Guilford Press.
17. Kaba, E. (2020). Ontolojik iyi oluş: Kavram ve ölçüm [Ontological well-being: Concept and measurement]. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 12(3), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.689234
18. Karacan-Özdemir, N., & Ayaz, A. (2020). Okul temelli kariyer rehberliği programlarının kariyer uyum yetenekleri üzerindeki etkisi [The effect of school-based career guidance programs on career adaptability]. Eğitim ve Bilim, 45(202), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2020.8745
19. Kocayörük, E., Şimşek, Ö. F., & Altıntaş, E. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinde ontolojik iyi oluşu artırmaya yönelik bir psiko-eğitim programı [A psycho-educational program to enhance ontological well-being in university students]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 8(50), 45–67.
20. Koen, J., Klehe, U. C., & Van Vianen, A. E. (2012). Training career adaptability to facilitate a successful school-to-work transition. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81(3), 395–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.10.003
21. Konur, M. (2018). Madde bağımlılığı tedavisi gören bireylerde ontolojik iyi oluş temelli psiko-eğitim müdahalesi [Ontological well-being based psycho-educational intervention for individuals undergoing substance addiction treatment]. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 19(3), 123–135.
22. Langdridge, D. (2007). Phenomenological psychology: Theory, research and method. Pearson Education.
23. Lent, R. W. (2018). Future of work in the digital age: Implications for career counseling theory and practice. Journal of Career Assessment, 26(3), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072718775621
24. Littman-Ovadia, H., & Steger, M. F. (2010). Character strengths and well-being among volunteers and employees: Toward an integrative model. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(6), 419–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2010.516765
25. Loader, T. (2011). Careers in chaos: A new approach to career counseling. Australian Career Practitioner, 22(2), 14–16.
26. McMahon, M., Watson, M., & Patton, W. (2015). The systems theory framework of career development: Applications to career counseling and career assessment. Australian Journal of Career Development, 24(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416214560673
27. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2023). LGS ve YKS öğrencilerine yönelik kariyer uyumu ve olgunluğunu destekleme programı [Career adaptability and maturity support program for LGS and YKS students]. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
28. Özaydın, B., & Siyez, D. M. (2023). Kaos kuramına dayalı kariyer danışmanlığı programının üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer kararı yetkinlik beklentileri ve sıkıntı düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi [The effect of a chaos theory-based career counseling program on university students’ career decision-making self-efficacy and distress levels]. Eğitim ve Bilim, 48(214), 89–112. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2023.9876
29. Pryor, R. G. L., & Bright, J. E. H. (2005). Chaos in careers: A new perspective for career development. Australian Journal of Career Development, 14(2), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620501400204
30. Pryor, R. G. L., & Bright, J. E. H. (2006). The chaos theory of careers: A new perspective on working in the twenty-first century. Journal of Employment Counseling, 43(4), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2006.tb00013.x
31. Pryor, R. G. L., & Bright, J. E. H. (2007). Applying chaos theory to careers: Attraction and attractors. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072706296640
32. Pryor, R. G. L., & Bright, J. E. H. (2009). Game as a career metaphor: A chaos theory career counseling application. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 37(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880802534053
33. Pryor, R. G. L., & Bright, J. E. H. (2011). The chaos theory of careers: A new perspective on working in the twenty-first century. Routledge.
34. Pryor, R. G. L., Bright, J. E. H., & Rekha, A. (2008). Chance events and career decision making: A chaos theory perspective. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 8(3), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-008-9143-3
35. Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42–70). John Wiley & Sons.
36. Savickas, M. L. (2013). Career construction theory and practice. In R. W. Lent & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (2nd ed., pp. 147–183). John Wiley & Sons.
37. Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2009). Career adaptability: An integrative construct for life-span, life-space theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 57(3), 209–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2009.tb00109.x
38. Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J.-P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., Soresi, S., Van Esbroeck, R., & van Vianen, A. E. M. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004
39. Schlesinger, J., & Daley, L. P. (2016). Applying the chaos theory of careers to career development programming. Career Planning and Adult Development Journal, 32(1), 34–43.
40. Schwartz, S. J., Côté, J. E., & Arnett, J. J. (2005). Identity and agency in emerging adulthood: Two developmental routes in the individualization process. Youth & Society, 37(2), 201–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X05275965
41. Southwick, S. M., Gilmartin, R., McDonough, P., & Morrissey, P. (2006). Logotherapy as an adjunctive treatment for chronic combat-related PTSD: A meaning-based intervention. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 60(2), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2006.60.2.161
42. Şimşek, Ö. F., & Kocayörük, E. (2013). Ontolojik İyi-çıkış Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Development of the Ontological Well-Being Scale: Validity and reliability study]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(40), 165–178.
43. Tuncel, H. (2016). Suça sürüklenen çocukların ailelerine yönelik ontolojik iyi oluş temelli bir psiko-eğitim programının etkileri [The effects of an ontological well-being-based psycho-educational program for families of children involved in crime]. Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(185), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2016.5123
44. Türkmen, S. (2014). Kaos kurumsalına dayalı kariyer danışmanlığı: Bir vaka çalışması [Chaos theory-based career counseling: A case study]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(42), 123–135.
45. Waterman, A. S. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(4), 678–691. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.678
46. Wong, P. T. (Ed.). (2012). The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications. Routledge.
47. Zorbaz, O., Mutlu, T., & Eryılmaz, A. (2015). Kariyer Yelkenlisi Modeli temelli psiko-eğitim programının üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer uyum yetenekleri ve iyimserlik düzeylerine etkisi [The effect of a psycho-educational program based on the Career Sailboat Model on university students’ career adaptability and optimism levels]. Eğitim ve Bilim, 40(180), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2015.4321