Adaption of the Career Resources Questionnaire-Adolescent Version: A Validity and Reliability Study

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 1 - 18, 29.06.2022

Kemal Öztemel Oğuz Mercan

Öz

The aim of the tihs study was to adapt the Career Resources Questionnaire-Adolescent Version into Turkish context and to examine the psychometric properties. The sample consisted of 917 adolescents (500 girls and 417 boys) studying in secondary and high schools. The confirmatory factor analysis results for the validity study of CRQ-A show that the scale consists of 12 sub-dimensions as in its original form. The measurement invariance results indicated that the CRQ-A shows measurement invariance across last career decision making status. Cronbach's alpha (α) internal consistency coefficients for the sub-dimensions in the scale ranged from .76 to .91, test-retest correlations differ between .49 and .76. The findings obtained as a result of the research show that CRQ-A is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in evaluating the career resources of individuals in adolescence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Career Development, Career Resources, Scale Adaptation

Kariyer Kaynakları Ölçeği-Ergen Formu’nun Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kariyer Kaynakları Ölçeği-Ergen Formu’nun (KKÖ-EF) Türkçeye uyarlanarak psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, ortaokul ve lise düzeyinde eğitim gören 500’ü kız, 417’si erkek toplam 917 ergen birey oluşturmaktadır. KKÖ-EF’in geçerlik çalışması için yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları, ölçeğin orijinal halindeki gibi 12 alt boyuttan oluştuğunu göstermektedir. KKÖ-EF’in ölçüm değişmezliğine ilişkin elde edilen bulgular, son kariyer seçimine göre ölçüm değişmezliğinin sağlandığını göstermektedir. Ölçekteki alt boyutlara ait Cronbach alfa (α) iç tutarlık katsayıları .76 ile .91 arasında, test tekrar test korelasyon katsayıları ise .49 ile .76 arasında farklılaşmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, KKÖ-EF’nin ergenlik dönemindeki bireylerin kariyer kaynaklarını değerlendirmede kullanabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kariyer Gelişimi, Kariyer Kaynakları, Ölçek Uyarlama

Kaynakça

• Alliman-Brissett, A. E., Turner, S. L. & Skovholt, T. M. (2004). Parent support and African American adolescents' career self-efficacy. Professional School Counseling, 7(3), 124-132. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42732554 sayfasından erişilmiştir.
• Amatea, E. S., Cross, E. G., Clark, J. E. & Bobby, C. L. (1986). Assessing the work and family role expectations of career-oriented men and women: The life role salience scales. Journal of Marriage and Family, 48(4), 831–838. doi:10.2307/352576
• Ayaz, A. (2021). Öğretmenlerin öznel kariyer başarısını etkileyen faktörler: Bir karma yöntem araştırması. Doktora Tezi, Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Gaziantep.
• Bacanlı, F., Yıldız-Akyol, E., Kaynak, S. & Özhan, M. B. (2018). Ergen-ebeveyn kariyer uyumu ölçeği'ni Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 19(2), 389-407. doi:10.12984/egeefd.396759
• Bacanlı, F., Özer, A. & Sürücü, M. (2007). Çocuklar İçin Kariyer Gelişim Ölçeği’nin faktör yapısı ve güvenirliği. IX. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi’nde sunulmuş bildiri, Çeşme, İzmir.
• Bentler, P. M. (1980). Multivariate analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 419-456. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.31.020180.002223
• Blustein, D. L. (1988). The relationship between motivational processes and career exploration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 32(3), 345-357. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(88)90025-5
• Blustein, D. L. & Phillips, S. D. (1988). Individual and contextual factors in career exploration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 33(2), 203-216. doi: 10.1016/0001-8791(88)90056-5
• Botke, J. A., Jansen, P. G., Khapova, S. N. & Tims, M. (2018). Work factors influencing the transfer stages of soft skills training: A literature review. Educational Research Review, 24, 130-147. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2018.04.001
• Browne, M. W. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Bollen, K. A. & Long, J. S. (Ed.), Testing structural equation models içinde (ss. 136-162). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
• Cai, Z., Guan, Y., Li, H., Shi, W., Guo, K. & Liu, Y., … & Hua, H. (2015). Self-esteem and proactive personality as predictors of future work self and career adaptability: an examination of mediating and moderating processes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 86, 86-94. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2014.10.004.
• Chan, M. (2017). The importance of career clarity and proactive career behaviours in predicting positive student outcomes: Evidence across two cohorts of secondary students in Singapore. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 37(4), 601-614. doi:10.1080/02188791.2017.1388214
• Cheung, R. & Arnold, J. (2010). Antecedents of career exploration among Hong Kong Chinese university students: Testing contextual and developmental variables. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(1), 25-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2009.05.006
• Choi, Y., Kim, J. & Kim, S. (2015). Career development and school success in adolescents: The role of career interventions. Career Development Quarterly, 63(2), 171–186. doi:10.1002/cdq.12012
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2. b.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
• Corr, P. J. & Mutinelli, S. (2017). Motivation and young people's career planning: A perspective from the reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 126-129. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.043
• Eccles, J. (2009). Who am I and what am I going to do with my life? Personal and collective identities as motivators of action. Educational Psychologist, 44(2), 78-89. doi:10.1080/00461520902832368
• Greenhaus, J. H. & Connolly, T. F. (1982). An investigation of career exploration among undergraduate business students. Journal of College Student Personnel, 23(4), 314–319. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1983-04415-001 sayfasından erişilmiştir.
• Gutman, L. M. & Schoon, I. (2012). Correlates and consequences of uncertainty in career aspirations: Gender differences among adolescents in England. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 608-618. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.02.002
• Güneş, A. (2015). Kariyere İlişkin Ebeveyn Desteği Ölçeği'nin Türkçeye uyarlaması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Hall, D. T. (2001). Careers in and out of organizations (1. b.). SAGE Publications.
• Hartung, P. J., Porfeli, E. J. & Vondracek, F. W. (2005). Child vocational development: A review and reconsideration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(3), 385-419. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.006
• Hirschi, A. (2009). Career adaptability development in adolescence: Multiple predictors and effect on sense of power and life satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(2), 145–155. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.01.002
• Hirschi, A. (2012). The career resources model: An integrative framework for career counsellors. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 40(4), 369–383. doi:10.1080/03069885.2012.700506
• Hirschi, A., Nagy, N., Baumeler, F., Johnston, C. S. & Spurk, D. (2018). Assessing key predictors of career success: Development and validation of the career resources questionnaire. Journal of Career Assessment, 26(2), 338-358. doi:10.1177/1069072717695584
• Hirschi, A., Niles, S. G. & Akos, P. (2011). Engagement in adolescent career preparation: Social support, personality and the development of choice decidedness and congruence. Journal of Adolescence, 34(1), 173-182. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.12.009
• Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337–370. doi:10.1111/1464-0597.00062
• Karamenderes, A. & Siyez, D. M. (2022). Kariyere İlişkin Ebeveyn Destek Algısı Ölçeği (KİEDAÖ): Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 23(1), 35-49. doi:10.12984/egeefd.902340
• Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
• Kirazcı, F. & Öztemel, K. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer karar verme belirsizliklerine toleranslarının çeşitli değişkenlerle ilişkilerinin incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(58), 442-477. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1384476 sayfasından erişilmiştir.
• Korkut-Owen. & Eraslan-Çapan, B. (2020). FETEMM öğrencilerinin kariyer ihtiyaçlarının incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 54, 461-487.
• Kuzgun, Y. (2014). Meslek gelişimi ve danışmanlığı (4. b.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
• Lazarides, R., Rohowski, S., Ohlemann, S. & Ittel, A. (2015). The role of classroom characteristics for students’ motivation and career exploration. Educational Psychology, 36(5), 992-1008. doi:10.1080/01443410.2015.1093608
• Levine, K. A. & Sutherland, D. (2013). History repeats itself: Parental involvement in children’s career exploration. Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 47(2), 239-255. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1016333 sayfasından erişilmiştir.
• Marciniak, J., Hirschi, A., Johnston, C. S. & Haenggli, M. (2021). Measuring career preparedness among adolescents: Development and validation of the Career Resources Questionnaire—Adolescent Version. Journal of Career Assessment, 29(1), doi:10.1177/1069072720943838
• Metheny, J., McWhirter, E. H. & O'Neil, M. E. (2008). Measuring perceived teacher support and its influence on adolescent career development. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(2), 218-237. doi:10.1177/1069072707313198
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric testing. New York: McGraw‐Hill.
• Otto, L. B. (2000). Youth perspectives on parental career influence. Journal of Career Development, 27(2), 111–118. doi:10.1177/089484530002700205
• Öztemel, K. & Yıldız-Akyol, E. (2021). From adaptive readiness to adaptation results: Implementation of Student Career Construction Inventory and testing the career construction model of adaptation. Journal of Career Assessment, 29(1), 54–75. doi:10.1177/1069072720930664
• Paa, H. K. & McWhirter, E. H. (2000). Perceived influences on high students’ current career choices. Career Development Quarterly, 49, 29-44. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2000.tb00749.x
• Pan, J., Guan, Y., Wu, J., Han, L., Zhu, F., Fu, X. & Yu, J. (2018). The interplay of proactive personality and internship quality in Chinese university graduates' job search success: The role of career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 109, 14-26. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2018.09.003
• Perry, J. C., Liu, X. & Pabian, Y. (2010). School engagement as a mediator of academic performance among urban youth: The role of career preparation, parental career support, and teacher support. The Counseling Psychologist, 38(2), 269–295. doi:10.1177/0011000009349272
• Porfeli, E. J. & Lee, B. (2012). Career development during childhood and adolescence. New Directions For Youth Development, 134, 11-22. doi:10.1002/yd.20011
• Rigotti, T., Schyns, B. & Mohr, G. (2008). A short version of the Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale: Structural and construct validity across five countries. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(2), 238–255. doi:10.1177/1069072707305763
• Savickas, M. L. (2013). Career construction theory and practice. R. W. Lent, & S. D. Brown (Ed.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work içinde (2. b., ss. 144-180). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
• Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J. P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., … & van Vianen, A. E. M. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 239–250. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004
• Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
• Sickinger, P. H. (2012). Social cognitive career theory and middle school student career exploration. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Regent University, London
• Stumpf, S. A., Colarelli, S. M. & Hartman, K. (1983). Development of the career exploration survey (CES). Journal of Vocational Behavior, 22(2), 191-226. doi: 10.1016/0001-8791(83)90028-3
• Super, D. E. (1990). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. D. Brown & L. Brooks (Ed.), Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice içinde (2. b., ss. 197-261). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6. b.). United States: Pearson Education.
• Thuy, P., Hansen, E. & Price, D. (2001). The public employment service in a changing labour market. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/2001/101B09_8_engl.pdf sayfasından erişilmiştir.
• Van der Heijden, B. I., de Lange, A. H., Demerouti, E. & Van der Heijde, C. M. (2009). Age effects on the employability–career success relationship. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(2), 156-164. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.12.009