THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SYMPTOMS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE IN SURVIVORS OF VAN EARTHQUAKE

Yıl 2013, , 25 - 32, 01.06.2013

Direnç Sakarya Cengiz Güneş

https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000335

Öz

OBJECTIVE: Psychological resilience (PR) is a multi-dimensional construct assessing “perception of future”, “perception of self”, “social competence”, “structured style”, “family cohesion” and “social resources”. PR has been reported to be protective from psychiatric disorders, particularly Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. We aimed to assess the association between PR and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PSS) in survivors of Van earthquake. METHODS: Survivors of Van earthquake happened in October and November 2011, who have experienced at least one substantial earthquake and have lost homes (n=34) have been interviewed approximately one month after the last earthquake they experienced. Psychiatric interviews and standardized assessments have been conducted. The possible association between PSS and PR was examined. RESULTS: PSS found to be significantly correlated with PD (r=-0.384, p<0.05). Impairment in “perception of self” and “perception of future” was found to be correlated with “re-experiencing” and “irritability” dimensions of PSS (r=-0.442, p<0.01 and r=-.451, p<0.01, respectively). Impairment in social support was correlated with “avoidance” (r=0.666, p<0.01) and “irritability” symptoms (r=-.520, p<0.01). DISCUSSION: Our findings provide preliminary information in suggesting that PR might be protective from PSS. Considering “perception of self” and “perception of future” for prevention and/or treatment of “re-experiencing”. Furthermore, “social support” might be important for managing symptoms of “avoidance” and “irritability”. These findings might be useful for future studies with larger samples

Anahtar Kelimeler

posttraumatic stress disorder, psychological resilience

Van Depremi sonrasında travma sonrası stres bozukluğu belirtilerinin psikolojik dayanıklılık ile ilişkisi

Öz

ÖZET: Psikolojik dayanıklılık (PD), ruhsal
hastalıklardan “koruyucu” olduğu bilinen “kendilik
algısı”, “gelecek algısı”, “yapısal stil”, “sosyal
yeterlilik”, “aile uyumu” ve “sosyal kaynaklar” gibi
özellikleri birlikte değerlendiren çok boyutlu bir
kavramdır. PD’nin ruhsal bozukluklardan, özgül
olarak da travma sonrası stres bozukluğundan
(TSSB) koruyucu olabileceği bildirilmektedir. Bu
çalışmada, Van Depremi sonrasında TSSB belirti
kümeleri ile PD’yi belirleyen bileşenlerin ilişkisinin
araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. YÖNTEM: 2011 yılı
Ekim ve Kasım aylarında Van’da meydana gelen
depremlerden en az birini yaşayan ve evi yaşanmaz
duruma gelen 34 kişi ile son yaşadıkları depremden
yaklaşık bir ay sonra görüşülmüş, PD düzeyleri ve
TSSB belirtileri standardize ölçeklerle
değerlendirilmiştir. PD bileşenleri ve TSSB belirti
grupları arasındaki olası istatistiksel ilişki
araştırılmıştır. SONUÇLAR: PD’deki azalmanın
TSSB belirtileri ile ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır (r=-
0.384, p<0.05). Özgül olarak kendilik ve gelecek
algısındaki yetersizliğin TSSB’deki “yeniden
yaşantılama” (r=-0.442, p<0.01) ve “irritabilite”
belirtileri ile (r=-.451, p<0.01); sosyal kaynaklardaki
yetersizliğin “kaçınma” (r=-0.666, p<0.01) ve
“irritabilite” (r=-.520, p<0.01) belirtileri ile ilişkili
olduğu görülmüştür. TARTIŞMA: Bulgularımız,
psikolojik dayanıklılığın TSSB’den korunma
konusunda etkili olabileceği konusunda öncül veriler
sunmaktadır. TSSB’de gözlenen “yeniden
yaşantılama” ve “irritabilite” belirtilerinin önlenmesi
ve/veya tedavisi için “kendilik ve gelecek algısını”
hedefleyen müdahale stratejileri önemli olabilir.
Ayrıca “kaçınma” ve “irritabilite” grubu belirtilerin
önlenmesi ve tedavisi için “sosyal kaynakların”
dikkate alınması gereklidir. Daha geniş örneklemli
çalışmalarla desteklenmesi koşuluyla bu sonuçlar
tedavi ve önleme stratejileri planlanırken dikkate
alınabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

posttravmatik stres bozuklukları, psikolojik dirençlilik

Kaynakça

• Agaibi CE. (2005) Trauma, PTSD, and Resilience: A Review of the Literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 6: 195–216.
• Basım N, Çetin F. (2011) The Reliability and Validity of the Resilience Scale for Adults- Turkish Version. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22: 104–114.
• Beaton R, Murphy S, Johnson C, Pike K, Corneil W (1999) Coping responses and posttraumatic stress symptomatology in urban fire service personnel. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12: 293–308.
• Bonanno GA, Galea S, Bucciarelli A ve Vlahov D (2007) What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75: 671–682.
• Campbell-Sills L, Cohan SL, Stein MB. (2006). Relationship of resilience to personality, coping, and psychiatric symptoms in young adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44: 585–599.
• Cronkite RC, Moos RH, Twohey, Cohen C ve Swindle R. (1998) Life circumstances and personal resources as predictors of the ten- year course of depression. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26: 255–280.
• Dobie DJ, Kivlahan DR, Maynard C, Bush KR, McFall M, Epler AJ ve Bradley KA. (2002). Screening for post-traumatic stress disorder in female Veteran’s Affairs patients: validation of the PTSD checklist. General Hospital Psychiatry, 24: 367–374.
• Friborg O, Hjemdal O, Rosenvinge JH ve Martinussen M. (2003) A new rating scale for adult resilience: what are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12: 65–76.
• Friborg O, Barlaug D, Martinussen (2005) Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 14: 29–42.
• Garmezy N. (1991) Resiliency and Vulnerability to Adverse Developmental Outcomes Associated With Poverty. American Behavioral Scientist, 34: 416–430.
• Hagenaars MA, Arntz A. (2011). Reduced intrusion development after post-trauma imagery rescripting; an experimental study. Journal of Behavioural Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43: 808–814.
• Hinton R, Earnest J. Stressors, coping, and social support among women in Papua New Guinea (2010) Qualitative Health Research, 20: 224–238.
• Hoge EA, Austin ED, Pollack MH. (2007). Resilience: research evidence and conceptual considerations for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 24: 139– 152.
• Jacelon CS. (1997). The trait and process of resilience. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25: 123–129.
• Johnsen BH, Eid J, Christian Laberg J ve Thayer JF (2010) The effect of sensitization and coping style on post-traumatic stress symptoms and quality of life: Two longitudinal studies. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43: 181–188.
• Kent M, Davis MC, Stark SL ve Stewart LA (2011) A resilience-oriented treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: results of a preliminary randomized clinical trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24: 591–595.
• Kocabaşoğlu N, Çorapçıoğlu Özdemir A, Yargıç İ ve Geyran, P (2005). Türkçe “PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version” (PCL-C) geçerliği ve güvenilirliği. Yeni Symposium, 13: 126–134.
• Koenen KC, Stellman JM, Stellman SD, Sommer JFJ (2003) Risk Factors for Course of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Vietnam Veterans: A 14-Year Follow-Up of American Legionnaires. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71: 980–986.
• Luthar SS, Cicchetti D, Becker B. (2000) The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work. Child Development, 71: 543–562.
• Moos RH. Life stressors, social resources, and coping skills in youth: applications to adolescents with chronic disorders. (2002) Journal of Adolescent Health, 30: 22–29.
• Regehr C, Hill J, Glancy GD. (2000) Individual Predictors of Traumatic Reactions in Firefighters. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188: 333.
• Spitzer RL, First MB, Wakefield JC. (2007) Saving PTSD from itself in DSM-V. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21: 233–241.
• Turner SW, Bowie C, Dunn G, Shapo L ve Yule W. (2003) Mental health of Kosovan Albanian refugees in the UK. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182: 444–448.