Long Term Effects Of Developmental Trauma And Associated Neurobiological Mechanisms

Abstract

Since last century, many authors suggested that traumatic events during development have negative long term consequences regarding mental health of the traumatized individuals. However, probably due to the biological-social dualism that dominated our field, trauma as a social risk factor stayed beyond the focus of quantitative research. Nevertheless, developmental (complex) trauma defined with operational criteria has recently been tested as a risk factor in stuides on gene-environement interactions in psychiatry. These studies suggest that trauma; (i) is a risk factor for many psychiatric disorders; (ii) may interfere with the course and presentation of psychiatric disorders, and; (iii) rather than leading to symtoms of a single psychiatric disorder, may be associated with different - and perhaps specific – clusters of symptoms among different psychiatric disorders. This review focuses on negative long-term consequences of developmental trauma and neurobiological mechanisms associated with these consequences. Identification of these mechanisms is especially important because they; (i) may help to find neurobiological prevention strategies in traumatized risk groups and, (ii) may help to identify neurobiological resilience factors regarding the negative consequences of trauma

Keywords

• growth and development, traumatic stress disorders, risk factors, neurobiology

Gelişimsel travmanın uzun dönem etkileri ve bunlara aracılık eden nörobiyolojik mekanizmalar

Öz

Geçtiğimiz yüzyıldan beri pek çok yazar gelişimsel travmanın ruh sağlığı bakımından olumsuz sonuçları olabileceğine dikkat çekmiştir. Buna karşın gelişimsel travmalar, psikiyatride uzun yıllar hüküm süren biyolojik – sosyal ayrımı nedeniyle araştırmaların ufkunun dışında kalmıştır. Son yıllarda operasyonel ölçütlerle tanımlanan gelişimsel (karmaşık) travma, gen-çevre etkileşimini araştıran kantitatif çalışmalarda bir maruziyet etmeni olarak ele alınmaya başlanmıştır. Bu araştırmalar, travmanın; (i) pek çok ruhsal hastalık için bir risk etmeni olduğuna, (ii) ruhsal hastalıkların gidişini etkilediğine, (iii) tek bir ruhsal hastalığın belirtilerini yordamaktan çok, birden fazla ruhsal hastalığın belirti kümeleriyle ilişkili, kendine dair bir semptomatolojisinin olabileceğine işaret etmiştir. Bu gözden geçirme yazısı gelişimsel travmanın uzun dönem olumsuz sonuçlarına ve bunlara hangi

Anahtar Kelimeler

• büyüme ve gelişme, travmaya bağlı stresle ilişkili bozukluklar, risk etmenleri, nörobiyoloji

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