Adjustment Disorder

Öz

Diagnosis of adjustment disorder of the DSM classification system is one of the categories that hasn't clear and specific symptom profile. Adjustment disorder meets the criteria of being a genera psychiatric disorder such as feelings of anxiety, experiencing social-environmental strains and sometimes shovving behavioural disturbances. İn the meantime, it's etiological factors are not clear enough and the clinical characteristics are not defined clearly so it is seen as a "transitional" diagnostic category. But the results of the studies support the identifiable and predictive validity of this diagnosis. Adjustment disorder as a class of diagnosis seems to be a good reseacrh area and could be used frequently especially in consultation-liason psychiatry and in crisis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adjustment disorder, crisis, consultation-liason psychiatry

UYUM BOZUKLUĞU

Öz

DSM sınıflandırma sisteminin Uyum Bozukluğu tanısı, açık ve özgül bir belirti profili olmayan birkaç kümesinden biridir. Uyum Bozukluğu, ruhsal sıkıntı, sosyal-çevresel zorlanmalar yaşama ve bazen davranışsal bozuklukların varlığı gibi, psikiyatrik bir bozukluk olmanın çok genel koşullarını karşılamaktadır. Klinik özellikleri henüz tam geliştirilmediği ve altta yatan etiyolojik faktörleri açık olmadığı için halen sıra dışı ve "transitional" bir tanı kategorisi olarak görülmektedir. Ancak yapılan çalışmalar uyum bozukluğu tanısının tanımsal ve prediktif geçerliliğini desteklemektedir. Uyum bozukluğu özellikle konsültasyon-liyezon psikiyatrisi ve psikiyatrik kriz alanları için iyi bir araştırma alanı ve sıklıkla kullanılabilecek bir tanı sınıfı gibi görünmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uyum Bozukluğu, kriz, konsültasyon-liyezon psikiyatrisi

Kaynakça

1. Andreasen NC, Wasek P (1980). Adjustment Disorders in Adolescents and Adults. Archive of General Psychiatry, 37:1166-1170.
2. Andreasen NC, Hoenk P (1982). The Predictive Value of Adjustment Disorders: A Follow-up Study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139:584-590.
3. Bronisch T, Hecht H (1989). Validity of Adjustment Disorder, Comparison With Majör Depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 17:229-236.
4. De Leo D (1989). Treatment of Adjustment Disorders: A Comparative Evaluation. Psychological Reports, 64:51-54.
5. Derogatis LR, Morrovv GR, Fetting J (1983). The Prevalence of Pscyhiatric Disorders Among Cancer Patients. JAMA, 249:751-757.
6. Fabrega H (1980). The Idea of Medicalization: An Anthropological Perspective. Perspective in Biology and Medicine, 24:129-142.
7. Fabrega H, Mezzich JA, Coffman GA (1986). Descriptive Validity of DSM-III Depressions. Journal of Neurologic and Mental Disorders, 174:573-584.
8. Fabrega H (1987). Religion and Secularization in Psychiatric Practise: Three Examples. Psychiatry, 50 (February): 31-49.

9. Fabrega H, Mezzich JA, Mezzich C (1987). Adjustment Disorder As A Marginal Or Transitional lllness Category in DSM-III. Archive of General Psychiatry, 44 (June): 567-572.
10. Freud A (1989). Ego ve Savunma Mekanizmaları. Birinci Baskı, 136-137, Bağlam Yayınları, Ankara.
11. Hail DP, Benedek DM (1993). Adjustment Disorder Criteria. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 44 (6): 592-596.
12. Jennings S (1993). Playtherapy With Children. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Great Britain.
13. Kaplan Hl, Sadock BJ, Grebb JA (1994). Adjustment Disorders. Synapsis of Psychiatry, Seventh Edition, Chapter 25:727-730; New York, VVilliams & VVilkins. Looney JG, Gunderson EKE (1978). Transient Stiuational Disturbances: Course and Outcome. Americam Journal of Psychiatry, 135:660-663.
14. Mc Kegney FP, Mc Mahon T, King J (1983). The Use of DSM-III in A General Hospital Consultation-liasion Service. General Hospital Psychiatry, 5:115-121.
15. Pollock D (1992). Structured Ambiguity and The Definition of Psychiatric lllness: Adjustment Disorder Among Medical İnpatients. Social Science and Medicine, 35 (1): 25-35.
16. Popkin MK, Callies AL, Colon EA, Stiebel V (1990). Adjustment Disorders in Medically III İnpatients Referred For Consultation in A University Hospital. Psychosomatics, 31 (4): 410-414.
17. Praag HM (1982). A Transatlantic View Of The Diagnosis Of Depressions According to The DSM-III:I. Controversies and Misunderstandings in Depression diagnosis. Comprehensive Psychiatry 23(4):315-329.
18. Rosen DH, Gregory RJ, Pollock D, Schiffmann A (1987). Depression in Patients Referred For Psychiatric Consultation. General Hospital Psychiatry, 9: 391-397.
19. Schatzberg AF (1990). Anxiety and Adjustment Disorder: A Treatment Approach. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 51(11) (Suppl):20-24.
20. Snyder S, Strain JJ, Wolf D (1990). Differentiating Majör Depression From Adjustment Disorder VVith Depressed Mood in The Medical Setting. General Hospital Pscyhiatry, 12:159-165.
21. Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (1994). Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association.
22. Strain JJ, Stoudemire GA, Hales RE, Wolf D (1989).
23. Critical Issues in The Revievv of Diagnostic Criteria for "Adjustment Disorder" and "Pscyhological Factors Affecting Physical Condition". General Hospital Psychiatry, 11:153-155.
24. Uslu R (1992). Acil Başvuruların Kriz Kuramı ve Krize Müdahale İlkeleri Doğrultusunda Değerlendirilmesi. Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri ABD, Ankara.