BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

A Literature Review on Premarital Couple Education

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 9 - 22, 01.09.2009
https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000302

Öz

It is more rational to reduce risk factors andimprove the quality of life for people than to treatmarital problems after they develop. Therefore,premarital couples should be taught specificskills related to marriage life. In this article, it isaimed to review related literature on premaritaleducation. For this purpose, first an overview ofpremarital education was presented. Second,the qualities and the contents of structuredpsycho-education programs on premarital education were discussed. Then, findings of the studies on premarital couple education were summarized. Finally, it was suggested that studiesregarding premarital education should be increased

Kaynakça

  • Accordino MP, Guerney BG (2002) The Empi- rical Validation of Relationship Enhancement Couple and Family Therapies. In D. J. Cain ve J. Seeman (Eds.), Humanistic Psychotherapies: Handbook of research and Practice (pp. 403-442). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Avery AW, Ridley CA, Leslie LA ve Milholland T (1980) Relationship Enhancement with Premarital Dyads: A Six Month Follow up. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 8, 23-30.
  • Baucom DH, Hahlweg K, Atkins DC, Engl J, Thurmaier F (2006) Long-Term Prediction of Marital Quality Following a Relationship Education Program: Being Positive in a Constructive Way. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 448-455.
  • Berscheid E (1994) Interpersonal Relation- ships. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 79-129.
  • Butler MH, & Wampler KS (1999) A Meta- Analytic Update of Research on the Couple Commu- nication Program. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 27, 223-237.
  • Canel AN (2007) Ailede Problem Çözme, Evlilik Doyumu ve Örnek Bir Grup Çalışmasının Sınanması. Marmara Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi İstanbul.
  • Carroll JS ve Doherty WJ (2003) Evaluating the Effectiveness of Premarital Prevention Programs: A Meta-Analytic Review of Outcome Research. Family Relations, 52(2), 105-118.
  • Chen H, Cohen P, Kasen S, Johnson JG, Ehrensaft M Gordon K (2006) Predicting Conflict Within Romantic Relationships During the Transition to Adulthood. Personal Relationships, 13, 411-427.
  • Erber R, Erber MW (2001) Intimate Relation- ships: Issues, Theories, and Research. Massachu- setts, Allyn and Bacon.
  • Ergin H (2004) Eşler Arası İletişim Çatışmaları. İçinde H. Yavuzer (Ed.), Evlilik Okulu, (s. 177-200). İstanbul, Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Ersanlı K, Kalkan M (2003) Evlilik İlişkisini Geliştirme Programının Evli Çiftlerin Evlilik İlişkilerini Değerlendirmelerine Etkisi. Psikiyatri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi, 11(3), 219-226.
  • Ersanlı K, Kalkan M (2008) Evlilik İlişkilerini Geliştirme: Kuram ve Uygulama. Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Floyd FJ, Markman HJ, Kelly S, Blumberg SL, Stanley SM (1995) Preventive Intervention and Relationship Enhancement. In N. S. Jacobson ve A. S. Gurman (Eds), Clinical Handbook of Couple The- rapy, 2. basım (pp. 212-226). New York, The Guilford Press.
  • Furman W, Buhrmester D (1992) Age and Sex Differences in Perceptions of Networks of Personal Relationships. Child Development, 63, 103-115.
  • Giblin P, Sprenkle DH, Sheehan R (1985) Enrichment Outcome Research: A Meta-Analysis of Premarital, Marital and Family Interventions. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 11, 257-271.
  • Gottman JM (1994) What Predicts Divorce? The Relationship Between Marital Processes and Marital Outcomes. New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associ- ates.
  • Guerney BG (1977) Relationship Enhancement: Skill Training Programs for Therapy, Problem Preven- tion, and Enrichment. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
  • Guerney BG, Brock G, Coufal J (1986) Integrating Marital Therapy and Enrichment: The Relationship Enhancement Approach. In NS,. Jacobson AS, Gurman (Eds), Clinical Handbook of Marital Therapy, (pp. 151-172). New York, The Guilford Press.
  • Hahlweg K, Markman HJ (1988) Effectiveness of Behavioral Marital Therapy: Empirical Status of Behavioral Techniques in Preventing and Alleviating Marital Distress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 440-447.
  • Halford WK (2004) The Future of Couple Relationship Education: Suggestions on How it Can Make a Difference. Family Relations, 53(5), 559-566.
  • Halford WK, Markman HJ, Kline GH, Stanley SM (2003) Best Practice in Couple Relationship Education. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(3), 385-406.
  • Halford WK, Moore EN (2002) Relationship Education and the Prevention of Couple Relationship Problems. In A. S. Gurman ve N. S. Jacobson (Eds), Clinical handbook of couple therapy (pp. 400-419). New York, The Guilford Press.
  • Halford WK, Moore E, Wilson KL, Farrugia C, Dyer C (2004) Benefits of Flexible Delivery Relationship Education: An Evaluation of The Couple CARE Program. Family Relations, 53, 469-476.
  • Kalkan M (2002) Evlilik İlişkisini Geliştirme Programının Evlilerin Evlilik Uyum Düzeyine Etkisi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Samsun.
  • Kalkan M, Ersanlı E (2009) The Effects of the Cognitive-Behavioral Marriage Enrichment Program on The Dysfunctional Attitudes of Couples. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36, 129-135.
  • Karahan TF (2009) The Effects of a Couple Communication Program on the Conflict Resolution Skills and Active Conflict Tendencies of Turkish Couples. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 35(3), 220-229.
  • Kurdek LA (1995) Predicting Change in Marital Satisfaction from Husbands’ and Wives’ Conflict Resolution Styles. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 153-164.
  • Markman HJ, Halford WK (2005) International Perspectives on Couple Relationship Education. Family Process, 44(2), 139-146.
  • Markman HJ, Floyd FJ, Stanley SM, Storaasli RD (1988) Prevention of Marital Distress: A Longi- tudinal Investigation. Journal of Consulting and Cli- nical Psychology, 56(2), 210-217.
  • Markman HJ, Stanley SM, Jenkins NH, Petrella JN, Wadsworth ME (2006) Preventive Education: Distinctives and Directions. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 20(4), 411-433.
  • Mason LL (2003) Does the Building Healthy Relationships Course Address the Needs of Coup- les?: Couples Talk about their own Experiences of Communication. Trinity Western University, Yayınlan- mamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, ABD.
  • Murray CE (2004) An Empirical Investigation of the Relative Importance of Client Characteristics and Topics in Premarital Counseling. University of Florida, Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, ABD.
  • Özgüven İE (2001) Ailede İletişim ve Yaşam. Ankara, PDREM Yayınları.
  • Renick MJ, Blumberg SL, Markman HJ (1992) The Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP): An Empirically Based Preventive Intervention Program for Couples. Family Relations, 41, 141-147.
  • Ridley CA, Avery AW, Dent J, Harrell JE (1981) The Effects of Relationship Enhancement and Prob- lem Solving Programs on Perceived Heterosexual Competence. Family Therapy, 8(2), 59-66.
  • Ridley CA ve Bain AB (1983) The Effects of a Premarital Relationship Enhancement Program on Self-Disclosure. Family Therapy, 10, 13-24.
  • Sardoğan ME, Karahan TF (2005) Evli Bireylere Yönelik Bir İnsan İlişkileri Beceri Eğitimi Programının Evli Bireylerin Evlilik Uyum Düzeylerine Etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 38 (2), 89-102.
  • Schumm WR, Silliman B, Bell DB, (2000) Perceived Premarital Counseling Outcomes Among Recently Married Army Personnel. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 26, 177-186.
  • Scuka RF (2005) Relationship Enhancement Therapy: Healing Through Deep Empathy and Intimate Dialogue. New York, Taylor and Francis Group
  • Scuka RF, Nordling WJ, Guerney BG (2004) Couples’ Relationship Enhancement Program: Leader’s Manual. (3. Basım), Bethesda, Ideals Inc.
  • Sevim S (1996) Transaksiyonel Analize Dayalı Bir Eğitim Programının Evli Çiftlerin Ego Durumları ve Evlilik Yaşamlarına ilişkin Bazı Değişkenlere Etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara.
  • Silliman B, Stanley SM, Coffin W, Markman HJ, Jordan PL (2002) Preventive Interventions for Couples. In HA. Liddle, D. A. Santisteban, R. F. Levant ve J. H. Bray (Eds), Family Psychology: Science-Based interventions (pp. 123-146). Was- hington DC, American Psychology Association.
  • Stahmann RF, Salts CJ (1993) Educating for Marriage and Intimate Relationships. In M. E. Arcus, J. D. Schvaneveldt and J. J. Moss (eds) Handbook of Family Life Education: The Practice of Family Life Education (pp. 33–61). Newbury Park, CA, Sage.
  • Stanley SM (2001) Making a Case for Prema- rital Education. Family Relations, 50, 272-280.
  • Sullivan KT. ve Goldschmidt D. (2000) Imple- mentation of Empirically Validated Interventions in Managed-Care Settings: The Prevention and Rela- tionship Enhancement Program. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31(2), 216-220.
  • Şen B (2009) Evlenmek Üzere Başvuruda Bulunan Bir Grup Nişanlı Çiftin Evlilik ve "Evlilik Öncesi Çift Eğitimi"ne İlişkin Bilgi, Görüş ve Değerlendirmeleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Yayınlan- mamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
  • Trathen DW (1995) A Comparison of The Effectiveness of two Christian Premarital Counseling Programs (Skills and Information-Based) Utilized by Evangelical Protestant Churches. University of Denver, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, ABD.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2009) Haber Bülteni: Evlenme ve Boşanma İstatistikleri 2008. 110. Erişim tarihi: 04 Ocak 2010. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=4077.
  • Vural BK (2007) Evlilik Öncesi Cinsel Danış- manlık Programının Yeni Evli Çiftlerin Cinsel Do- yumuna Etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İzmir.
  • Westerop KR (2002) Building Healthy Couple Relationships: Do Communication Skills, Gender, Hope, And Family Types Make a Difference? Trinity Western University, Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, ABD.
  • Williams L (2007) Premarital Counseling. Journal of Couple and Relationship Therapy, 6 (1/2), 207-217.
  • Williams LM, Riley LA, Risch GS, Van Dyke DT (1999) An Empirical Approach to Designing Marriage Preparation Programs. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 27, 271-283.

Evlilik öncesi çift eğitimi üzerine bir derleme çalışması

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 9 - 22, 01.09.2009
https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000302

Öz

Evlilik yaşamıyla ilgili sorunlar ortayaçıkmadan önce risk etmenlerinin azaltılmasınınve bireylerin yaşam kalitelerinin artırılmasınındaha akılcı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla, evlilik öncesindeki çiftlere, evlilik yaşamı ileilgili çeşitli becerilerin kazandırılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, evlilik öncesi eğitim ile ilgililiteratürün sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, öncelikle ilişki eğitimi ile ilgili genel bir çerçeve sunulmuştur. Ardından evlilik öncesi eğitimde kullanılan yapılandırılmış psiko-eğitimprogramlarının özelliklerinden ve içeriklerindensöz edilmiştir. Daha sonra yurtdışında ve ülkemizde evlilik öncesi eğitim ile ilgili yapılmışçalışmaların bulgularına yer verilmiştir. Sonuçkısmında ise ülkemizde evlilik öncesi eğitimçalışmalarının artırılması gerektiğine değinilmiştir

Kaynakça

  • Accordino MP, Guerney BG (2002) The Empi- rical Validation of Relationship Enhancement Couple and Family Therapies. In D. J. Cain ve J. Seeman (Eds.), Humanistic Psychotherapies: Handbook of research and Practice (pp. 403-442). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Avery AW, Ridley CA, Leslie LA ve Milholland T (1980) Relationship Enhancement with Premarital Dyads: A Six Month Follow up. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 8, 23-30.
  • Baucom DH, Hahlweg K, Atkins DC, Engl J, Thurmaier F (2006) Long-Term Prediction of Marital Quality Following a Relationship Education Program: Being Positive in a Constructive Way. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 448-455.
  • Berscheid E (1994) Interpersonal Relation- ships. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 79-129.
  • Butler MH, & Wampler KS (1999) A Meta- Analytic Update of Research on the Couple Commu- nication Program. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 27, 223-237.
  • Canel AN (2007) Ailede Problem Çözme, Evlilik Doyumu ve Örnek Bir Grup Çalışmasının Sınanması. Marmara Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi İstanbul.
  • Carroll JS ve Doherty WJ (2003) Evaluating the Effectiveness of Premarital Prevention Programs: A Meta-Analytic Review of Outcome Research. Family Relations, 52(2), 105-118.
  • Chen H, Cohen P, Kasen S, Johnson JG, Ehrensaft M Gordon K (2006) Predicting Conflict Within Romantic Relationships During the Transition to Adulthood. Personal Relationships, 13, 411-427.
  • Erber R, Erber MW (2001) Intimate Relation- ships: Issues, Theories, and Research. Massachu- setts, Allyn and Bacon.
  • Ergin H (2004) Eşler Arası İletişim Çatışmaları. İçinde H. Yavuzer (Ed.), Evlilik Okulu, (s. 177-200). İstanbul, Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Ersanlı K, Kalkan M (2003) Evlilik İlişkisini Geliştirme Programının Evli Çiftlerin Evlilik İlişkilerini Değerlendirmelerine Etkisi. Psikiyatri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi, 11(3), 219-226.
  • Ersanlı K, Kalkan M (2008) Evlilik İlişkilerini Geliştirme: Kuram ve Uygulama. Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Floyd FJ, Markman HJ, Kelly S, Blumberg SL, Stanley SM (1995) Preventive Intervention and Relationship Enhancement. In N. S. Jacobson ve A. S. Gurman (Eds), Clinical Handbook of Couple The- rapy, 2. basım (pp. 212-226). New York, The Guilford Press.
  • Furman W, Buhrmester D (1992) Age and Sex Differences in Perceptions of Networks of Personal Relationships. Child Development, 63, 103-115.
  • Giblin P, Sprenkle DH, Sheehan R (1985) Enrichment Outcome Research: A Meta-Analysis of Premarital, Marital and Family Interventions. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 11, 257-271.
  • Gottman JM (1994) What Predicts Divorce? The Relationship Between Marital Processes and Marital Outcomes. New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associ- ates.
  • Guerney BG (1977) Relationship Enhancement: Skill Training Programs for Therapy, Problem Preven- tion, and Enrichment. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
  • Guerney BG, Brock G, Coufal J (1986) Integrating Marital Therapy and Enrichment: The Relationship Enhancement Approach. In NS,. Jacobson AS, Gurman (Eds), Clinical Handbook of Marital Therapy, (pp. 151-172). New York, The Guilford Press.
  • Hahlweg K, Markman HJ (1988) Effectiveness of Behavioral Marital Therapy: Empirical Status of Behavioral Techniques in Preventing and Alleviating Marital Distress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 440-447.
  • Halford WK (2004) The Future of Couple Relationship Education: Suggestions on How it Can Make a Difference. Family Relations, 53(5), 559-566.
  • Halford WK, Markman HJ, Kline GH, Stanley SM (2003) Best Practice in Couple Relationship Education. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(3), 385-406.
  • Halford WK, Moore EN (2002) Relationship Education and the Prevention of Couple Relationship Problems. In A. S. Gurman ve N. S. Jacobson (Eds), Clinical handbook of couple therapy (pp. 400-419). New York, The Guilford Press.
  • Halford WK, Moore E, Wilson KL, Farrugia C, Dyer C (2004) Benefits of Flexible Delivery Relationship Education: An Evaluation of The Couple CARE Program. Family Relations, 53, 469-476.
  • Kalkan M (2002) Evlilik İlişkisini Geliştirme Programının Evlilerin Evlilik Uyum Düzeyine Etkisi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Samsun.
  • Kalkan M, Ersanlı E (2009) The Effects of the Cognitive-Behavioral Marriage Enrichment Program on The Dysfunctional Attitudes of Couples. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36, 129-135.
  • Karahan TF (2009) The Effects of a Couple Communication Program on the Conflict Resolution Skills and Active Conflict Tendencies of Turkish Couples. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 35(3), 220-229.
  • Kurdek LA (1995) Predicting Change in Marital Satisfaction from Husbands’ and Wives’ Conflict Resolution Styles. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 153-164.
  • Markman HJ, Halford WK (2005) International Perspectives on Couple Relationship Education. Family Process, 44(2), 139-146.
  • Markman HJ, Floyd FJ, Stanley SM, Storaasli RD (1988) Prevention of Marital Distress: A Longi- tudinal Investigation. Journal of Consulting and Cli- nical Psychology, 56(2), 210-217.
  • Markman HJ, Stanley SM, Jenkins NH, Petrella JN, Wadsworth ME (2006) Preventive Education: Distinctives and Directions. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 20(4), 411-433.
  • Mason LL (2003) Does the Building Healthy Relationships Course Address the Needs of Coup- les?: Couples Talk about their own Experiences of Communication. Trinity Western University, Yayınlan- mamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, ABD.
  • Murray CE (2004) An Empirical Investigation of the Relative Importance of Client Characteristics and Topics in Premarital Counseling. University of Florida, Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, ABD.
  • Özgüven İE (2001) Ailede İletişim ve Yaşam. Ankara, PDREM Yayınları.
  • Renick MJ, Blumberg SL, Markman HJ (1992) The Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP): An Empirically Based Preventive Intervention Program for Couples. Family Relations, 41, 141-147.
  • Ridley CA, Avery AW, Dent J, Harrell JE (1981) The Effects of Relationship Enhancement and Prob- lem Solving Programs on Perceived Heterosexual Competence. Family Therapy, 8(2), 59-66.
  • Ridley CA ve Bain AB (1983) The Effects of a Premarital Relationship Enhancement Program on Self-Disclosure. Family Therapy, 10, 13-24.
  • Sardoğan ME, Karahan TF (2005) Evli Bireylere Yönelik Bir İnsan İlişkileri Beceri Eğitimi Programının Evli Bireylerin Evlilik Uyum Düzeylerine Etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 38 (2), 89-102.
  • Schumm WR, Silliman B, Bell DB, (2000) Perceived Premarital Counseling Outcomes Among Recently Married Army Personnel. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 26, 177-186.
  • Scuka RF (2005) Relationship Enhancement Therapy: Healing Through Deep Empathy and Intimate Dialogue. New York, Taylor and Francis Group
  • Scuka RF, Nordling WJ, Guerney BG (2004) Couples’ Relationship Enhancement Program: Leader’s Manual. (3. Basım), Bethesda, Ideals Inc.
  • Sevim S (1996) Transaksiyonel Analize Dayalı Bir Eğitim Programının Evli Çiftlerin Ego Durumları ve Evlilik Yaşamlarına ilişkin Bazı Değişkenlere Etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara.
  • Silliman B, Stanley SM, Coffin W, Markman HJ, Jordan PL (2002) Preventive Interventions for Couples. In HA. Liddle, D. A. Santisteban, R. F. Levant ve J. H. Bray (Eds), Family Psychology: Science-Based interventions (pp. 123-146). Was- hington DC, American Psychology Association.
  • Stahmann RF, Salts CJ (1993) Educating for Marriage and Intimate Relationships. In M. E. Arcus, J. D. Schvaneveldt and J. J. Moss (eds) Handbook of Family Life Education: The Practice of Family Life Education (pp. 33–61). Newbury Park, CA, Sage.
  • Stanley SM (2001) Making a Case for Prema- rital Education. Family Relations, 50, 272-280.
  • Sullivan KT. ve Goldschmidt D. (2000) Imple- mentation of Empirically Validated Interventions in Managed-Care Settings: The Prevention and Rela- tionship Enhancement Program. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31(2), 216-220.
  • Şen B (2009) Evlenmek Üzere Başvuruda Bulunan Bir Grup Nişanlı Çiftin Evlilik ve "Evlilik Öncesi Çift Eğitimi"ne İlişkin Bilgi, Görüş ve Değerlendirmeleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Yayınlan- mamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
  • Trathen DW (1995) A Comparison of The Effectiveness of two Christian Premarital Counseling Programs (Skills and Information-Based) Utilized by Evangelical Protestant Churches. University of Denver, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, ABD.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2009) Haber Bülteni: Evlenme ve Boşanma İstatistikleri 2008. 110. Erişim tarihi: 04 Ocak 2010. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=4077.
  • Vural BK (2007) Evlilik Öncesi Cinsel Danış- manlık Programının Yeni Evli Çiftlerin Cinsel Do- yumuna Etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İzmir.
  • Westerop KR (2002) Building Healthy Couple Relationships: Do Communication Skills, Gender, Hope, And Family Types Make a Difference? Trinity Western University, Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, ABD.
  • Williams L (2007) Premarital Counseling. Journal of Couple and Relationship Therapy, 6 (1/2), 207-217.
  • Williams LM, Riley LA, Risch GS, Van Dyke DT (1999) An Empirical Approach to Designing Marriage Preparation Programs. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 27, 271-283.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA99TG72KK
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İ. Yalçın Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2009
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Eylül 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yalçın, İ. (2009). Evlilik öncesi çift eğitimi üzerine bir derleme çalışması. Kriz Dergisi, 17(3), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000302