Böcek Kökenli Protein Kaynaklarının Yem Değeri Ve Kanatlıların Beslenmesinde Kullanılabilme Olanakları

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 3, 272 - 278, 29.10.2016

Kasım Özek

Öz

Bu derlemede, böcek kökenli protein kaynaklarının besin maddesi içeriği, sindirilebilirlikleri, fonksiyonel özellikleri ve kanatlı beslemede kullanılabilme olanakları tartışılmıştır. Önümüzdeki yıllarda, piliç eti ve yumurta tüketiminin önemli miktarda artacağı ve buna bağlı olarak yoğun üretimle birlikte yem hammaddelerine olan gereksiniminde aynı düzeyde artış göstereceği tahmin edilmektedir. Günümüzde, genetik kapasiteleri en üst düzeye çıkmış olan etlik piliç ve yumurta tavuklarının besin maddesi ihtiyaçlarının düşük kalitedeki yem ham maddeleri ile karşılanması mümkün değildir. Bu anlamda, balık unu gibi hayvansal kökenli sınırlı protein kaynakları yerine ikame edilebilecek esansiyel amino asitlerce zengin, sindirilebilirliği yüksek yeni protein kaynaklarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bilimsel çalışmaların sonuçları; un kurdu, karasinek ve büvelek sineğinin metionin, lizin ve sistin içeriklerinin balık unundan daha düşük, diğer amino asit içeriklerinin balık ununa yakın olduğunu gösterirken, böcek kökenli protein kaynaklarının kanatlı rasyonlarında kullanımının da mümkün olabileceği yönündedir. Ancak, böcek üretim alanlarının mikrobiyal bir bulaşmaya kaynak oluşturabileceği ve böceklerin ürettiği toksinlerin böcek kökenli yemlerde de bulunabilecek olmasından dolayı bu yemi tüketen hayvanlarda alerjik ve toksik etki oluşturmasından endişe edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, böcek kökenli yemlerin kanatlı beslemede yem olarak değerlendirilmesi, konuyla ilgili daha çok bilimsel çalışma yapılmasına ve bu çalışmaların sonuçları doğrultusunda toplumun hassasiyetleri de dikkate alınarak düzenlenecek mevzuat çerçevesinde kullanılmasına bağlı olmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Böcek proteini, ekonomi, kanatlı, performans, yem değeri.

 

Feed Value of Insect Based Protein Sources and the Possibilities of Using in Poultry Nutrition

 

ABSTRACT: In this review, the nutrient content of insect based protein sources, digestibility, functional features and the possibilities of using in poultry nutrition were discussed. It is expected that chicken meat and egg consumption will increase in the near future, and the amount of feed material requirements will increase at the same level in accordance with the intensive production to meet the needs.

Today, it is impossible to meet the nutrient requirements of broiler and laying hens that reached maximum genetic capacity with the low quality feed materials. In this sense, new protein sources with high essential amino acid content and high digestibility instead of fish meal. Scientific studies  showed that methionine, lysine and cysteine contents of the black soldier fly, common housefly and mealworm were lower than fish meal and the amino acid profile of the black soldier fly, common housefly and mealworm was close to fish meal. At the same time, it is possible to use insect origin protein sources in poultry diets. However, insect production areas can create a source of microbial contamination. Moreover, insect origin feeds can contain insect produced toxins that create an allergic and toxic effect on animals.  Therefore, the using insect origin protein sources as feed in poultry should depend on regulations prepared with scientific based studies and the sensitivity of society.

Key words: Economy, feed value, insect protein, performance, poultry. 

Kaynakça

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