Diagnosis of Nematode Populations Found in Chard, Barley and Onion Grown in North of Iraq and South of Turkey

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 28 - 34, 01.01.2017

Ramazan Çetintaş , Kamal Hussein Kareem Nassar Hashim Ahmed

Öz

The soil samples of three different crops namely Chards, Barely and Onion in south part of Iraq and north part of Turkey during 2014-2015 were examined and the abundance, distribution and genera of nematodes were diagnosed based on their community compositions and trophic groups. Nematodes from 230 collected soil samples from both countries extracted by Baermann systems, identified, and quantified by microscopic observations. Total number of genera belonging four trophic groups of nematodes were 19, 11, 7, and 8 for free living, plant parasite, omnivorous and predaceous nematodes, respectively. In Iraq, the highest numbers nematodes were found in free living genus of Cephalobus with 600, 1044 and 693 individual for Chard, Barley and Onion, respectively. Overall, in Turkey, the highest numbers of free living nematodes were also found in genus Cephalobus with 446, 492 and 541 individual for Chard, Barley and Onion, respectively. In study, the greater free living nematode densities in all three crops from both counties were Cephalobus followed by Chiloplacus, Rhabditis, Monhystera, Eucephalobus, Acrobeles and Wilsonema. On the other hand, the highest densities of plant parasitic nematodes were observed in Tylenchus, Pratylenchus, Aphelenchus, Filenchus, Ditylenchus, Aphelnchoides, Heterodera, Meloidogyne and Helicotylenchus. Current study indicated that the number of nematodes genus occurred in both countries differed, because of possibly different soil and environmental conditions for nematodes.

Key words: Biodiversity, nematodes, trophic groups, density

 

Türkiye’nin Doğusu ile Irak’ın Kuzeyinde Yetiştirilen Zeytin, Asma ve Karışık Meyve Alanlarındaki Nematod Yoğunluklarının Tanımlanması

ÖZET: Türkiye’nin doğusu ile Irak’ın kuzeyinde yetişen pazı, arpa ve soğan alanlarından, 2014-15 yıllarında, alınan toprak örneklerinde görülen nematodların trofik yapı ve cinslerine göre yoğunlukları, dağılımları ve biyoçeşitlilikleri araştırılmıştır. Her iki ülkeden alınan toplam 230 toprak örneğinde nematodlar Baermann sistemi yardımı ile elde edilmiş ve ışık mikroskobunda teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, dört trofik gruba ait nematodların cins sayıları bitki paraziti nematodlar için 11, serbest yaşayanlar için 19, predatörler için 8 ve omnivor nematodlar için ise 7 adet olmuştur. Çalışmanın Irak bölgesinde, en yüksek serbest yaşayan nematod sayısı Cephalobus cinsinde bulunmuş olup sırası ile pazı, arpa ve soğan için 600, 1044 ve 693 ve Türkiye için ise bu sayılar sırası ile 446, 492 ve 541 olmuştur. Çalışmanın tamamına bakıldığında her iki ülkede de Cephalobus’dan sonra sırası ile Chiloplacus, Rhabditis, Monhystera, Eucephalobus, Acrobeles ve Wilsonema cinsleri takip etmiştir. Diğer taraftan, çalışmada en yüksek bitki paraziti nematod sayıları sırası ile Tylenchus, Pratylenchus, Aphelenchus, Filenchus, Ditylenchus, Aphelnchoides, Heterodera, Meloidogyne ve Helicotylenchus olmuştur. Mevcut çalışmada her iki ülkede mevcut faklı toprak ve çevresel faktörlerden kaynaklı nematod cins ve sayılarında farklılıklar gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar sözcükler: Biyoçeşitlilik, nematodlar, trofik grouplar, yoğunluklar

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