Effect of adding Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidon on In Vitro Gas production of Pomegranate seed

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 128 - 132, 04.01.2017

Maghsoud Besharati , Einollah Abdi Ghezeljeh

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition including tannin content of pomegranate seed supplemented with different levels of tannin-binding agents (polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) and gas production characteristics using in vitro gas production technique. The treatments were PS (control), PS+150 mg PEG, PS+300 mg PEG, PS+150 mg PVP and PS+300 mg PVP. At the 48 h incubation times, the gas production volume of PS, PS+150 mg PEG, PS+300 mg PEG, PS+150 mg PVP and PS+300 mg PVP were 109.47, 129.71, 125.79, 125.22 and 99.99 ml/g DM, respectively, and treatments PS+150 mg PEG, PS+300 mg PEG and gas production of PS+150 mg PVP treatment was higher (P<0.05) than other treatments. This value for treatment of PS+300 mg PVP revealed to be lower than the others (P<0.05). Addition of PEG and PVP could overcome adverse effects of tannins on nutrient availability as indicated by gas production parameters. Addition of PEG and PVP (except 300 mg PVP level) inactivated effects of tannins and increased gas production in pomegranate seed.

Key Words: By-Product, In Vitro Gas Production, Polyethylene Glycol, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Pomegranate Seed, Tannin.

Kaynakça

• AOAC. 1999. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC international. AOAC international. Maryland, USA.
• Barry TN., Duncan SJ 1984. The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional-value of Lotus-pedunculatus for sheep .1. Voluntary intake. Br. J. Nutr. 51:485-491.
• Barry TN, Manley TR, Duncan SJ 1986. The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 4. Site of carbohydrate and protein digestion as influenced by dietary reactive tannin concentration. Br. J. Nutr. 55:123-137.
• Besharati M, Taghizadeh A, Janmohammadi H, Moghadam GA 2008. Evaluation of some by-products using in situ and in vitro gas production techniques. American J. Anim. Vet. Sci. 3(1):7-12.
• Besharati M, Taghizadeh A 2009. Evaluation of dried grape by-product as a tanniniferous tropical feedstuff. J. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 152:198–203.
• Besharati M, Taghizadeh A 2011. Effect of Tannin-Binding Agents (Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone) Supplementation on In Vitro Gas Production Kinetics of Some Grape Yield Byproducts. ISRN Veterinary Science 2011, 1-8.
• Fedorak PM, Hurdy DE 1983. A simple apparatus for measuring gas production by methanogenic cultures in serum bottles. Environ. Technol. Leu. 4:425-432.
• Feizi R, Ghodratnama A, Zahedifar M, Danesh-Mesgaran M, Raisianzadeh M 2005. Apparent digestibility of pomegranate seed fed to sheep. Proceedings of British Society of Animal Science p. 222.
• Getachew G, Crovetto GM, Fondevila M, Krishnamoorthy U, Singh B, Spanghero M, Steingass H, Robinson PH, Kailas MM 2002. Laboratory variation of 24 h in vitro gas production and estimated metabolizable energy values of ruminant feeds. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 102:169-180.
• Getachew G, Makkar HPS, Becker K 2000. Effect of polyethylene glycol on in vitro degradability of nitrogen and microbial protein synthesis from tannin rich browse and herbaceous legumes. Br. J. Nutr. 84:73–83.
• Getachew G, Makkar HPS, Becker K 2001. Method of polyethylene glycol application to tannin-containing browses to improve microbial fermentation and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis from tannin-containing browses. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 92:51-57.
• Hagerman AE, Robbins CT, Weerasuriya Y, Wilson TC, McArthur C 1992. Tannin chemistry in relation to digestion. J. Range Manage. 45:57-62.
• Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Gurbuz Y, Ozay O, Ozkan CO, Sakarya M 2007. Chemical composition and in vitro gas production characteristics of several tannin containing tree leaves. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 3:983-986.
• Kumar R, Singh M 1984. Tannins: their adverse role in ruminant nutrition. J. Agric. Food Chem. 32:447-453.
• Lohan OP, Lall D, Vaid J, Negi SS 1983. Utilization of oak tree fodder in cattle ration and fate of oak leaf tannins in the ruminant system. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 53:1057-1063.
• Makkar HPS 2000. Quantification of Tannins in Tree Foliage. A Laboratory Manual for the FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project on Use of Nuclear and Related techniques to Develop Simple Tannin Assays for Predicting and Improving the safety and Efficiency of Feeding Ruminants on Tanniniferous Tree Foliage. Joint FAO/IAEA, FAO/IAEA of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. Animal Production and Health Sub-programme, FAO/IAEA Working Document. IAEA, Vienna, Austria.
• Makkar HPS, Blümmel M, Becker K 1995. Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol with tannins and their implications in gas production and true digestibility in in vitro techniques. Br. J. Nutr. 73:897–913.
• Makkar HPS, Singh B, Negi SS 1989. Relationship of rumen degradability with microbial colonization, cell wall constituents and tannin levels in some tree leaves. Anim. Prod. 49:299-303.
• Makkar HPS 2003. Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Rumin. Res. 49:241–256.
• McDougall EEI 1948. The composition and output of sheep in salvia. Biochem. J. 43:99-109.
• McNeill DM, Komolong M, Gobiun N, Barber D 2000. Influence of dietary condensed tannins on microbial CP supply in sheep. In: Brooker, J.D. (Ed.), Tannins in Livestock and Human Nutrition. ACIAR Proceedings 92:57–61.
• McSweeney CS, Palmer B, Bunch R, Krause DO 1999. In vitro quality assessment of tannin-containing tropical shrub legumes: protein and fibre digestion. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 82:227.
• SAS Inc. 2002. Sas user’s Guide: statistics. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc. Cary NC.
• Schofield P, Mbugua, DM, Pell AN 2001. Analysis of condensed tannins: a review. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 91:21-40.
• Seresinhe T, Iben C 2003. In vitro quality assessment of two tropical shrub legumes in relation to their extractable tannins content. J. Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 87:109-115.
• Shabtay A, Eitam H, Tadmor Y, Orlov A, Meir A, Weinberg P, Weinberg ZG, Chen Y, Brosh A, Izhaki I, Kerem Z 2008. Nutritive and antioxidative potential of fresh and stored pomegranate industrial byproduct as a novel beef cattle feed. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56:10063-10070.
• Singh B, Sahoo A, Sharma R, Bhat TK 2005. Effect of polyethylene glycol on gas production parameters and nitrogen disappearance of some tree forages. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 123-124:351–364.
• Singleton VL 1981. Naturally occurring food toxicants: Phenolic substances of plant origin common in foods. Advan. Food Res. 27:149-242.
• Szumacher-Strabel M, Cieslak A 2010. Potential of phytofactors to mitigate rumen ammonia and methane production. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 19:319-337.
• Taher-Maddah M, Maheri-Sis N, Salamatdousnobar R, Ahmadzadeh A 2012. Estimating fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of ensiled and dried pomegranate seeds for ruminants using in vitro gas production technique. Open Veterinary J. 2:40-45.
• Van Soest PJ, Robertson, JB, Lewis, BA 1991. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation on animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583–3597.
• Waghorn GC, Shelton ID 1995. Effect of condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus on the nutritive value of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) fed to sheep. J. Agric. Sci. Cambridge 125:291-297.