Türk-Fransız İlişkilerinin Siyasi, Ekonomik ve Kültürel Dinamikleri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 191 - 216, 29.12.2025

Hacı Mehmet Boyraz , Aurelien Denizeau , Merve Ayşe Kizilaslan

https://doi.org/10.47147/ksuiibf.1817950

Öz

Bu makale, Türkiye ile Fransa arasındaki ilişkileri siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel açılardan incelemektedir. Siyasi düzlemde ikili gerilimlerin yapısal bir karşıtlıktan değil Doğu Akdeniz ve Afrika gibi bazı bölgelerdeki stratejik rekabetten kaynaklandığı ileri sürülmektedir. Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği üyelik süreci, insan hakları meseleleri ve liderlik tarzlarına ilişkin normatif ayrışmalar bu rekabeti derinleştirmektedir. Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı ve Suriye’de Esad sonrası dönem gibi son dönem jeopolitik gelişmeler ise pragmatik iş birliği için yeni alanlar açmaktadır. Ekonomik açıdan makale, bağımlılık teorisi çerçevesinde ilişkilerdeki kalıcı bir asimetriyi ortaya koymaktadır. Fransız şirketleri Türkiye’de belirgin bir ağırlık taşırken Fransa’daki Türk yatırımları ise oldukça sınırlı kalmaktadır. Bu dengesizliğe rağmen sanayi temelli tamamlayıcılığa dayanan ikili ticaret ilişkileri dirençli bir yapı sergilemektedir. Kültürel olaraksa medya söylemleri, diaspora politikaları ve kimlik temelli anlatılar etkileşimi zorlaştırırken akademik iş birlikleri, ulus-ötesi gençlik girişimleri ve kültürel diplomasi programları siyasetten arındırılmış diyalog zeminleri sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği , Ekonomik Bağımlılık , İslamofobi , Kültürel Diplomasi , Türk-Fransız İlişkileri

Political, Economic and Cultural Dynamics of Turkish-French Relations

Öz

This article examines the relationship between Türkiye and France through political, economic, and cultural lenses. Politically, it argues that bilateral tensions arise not from structural antagonism but from strategic competition in regions such as the Eastern Mediterranean and Africa. While normative divergences on Türkiye’s European Union accession, human rights issues, and leadership styles deepen competition, recent geopolitical shifts, including the Russian-Ukrainian war and the post-Assad era in Syria, create new avenues for pragmatic cooperation. Economically, the article applies the theory of interdependence to reveal a persistent asymmetry in the relations. French firms maintain a dominant presence in Türkiye, whereas Turkish investments in France remain marginal. Despite this imbalance, mutual trade has shown resilience, grounded in industrial complementarities. Culturally, while media discourses, diaspora policies and identity-based narratives make interaction difficult, academic collaborations, transnational youth initiatives and cultural diplomacy programs offer depoliticized dialogue platforms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cultural Diplomacy , Economic Interdependence , European Union , Islamophobia , Turkish-French Relations

Kaynakça

• Anadolu Agency. (2025, May 20). Supporters of PKK Terrorist Group Hold Provocative Rally in France. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/supporters-of-pkk-terrorist-group-hold-provocative-rally-in-france/333116
• Araud, G. (2025, June 1). Pourquoi nous devrions nous rapprocher de la Turquie d’Erdogan. Le Point. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-fK0VHqm_g
• Arıkan, Z. (2005). 1536 Kapitülasyonları ve Cumhuriyet İdeolojisi. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi. 24 (37), pp. 11-28.
• Billion, D. (2016). France-Turquie, entre tensions et normalization. Confluences Méditerranée. (66), pp. 71-83. Boyraz, H. M. and Yeşiltaş, S. 2022, April 5). SAMP/T and Triple Cooperation: Why It’s Important. https://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/op-ed/sampt-and-triple-cooperation-why-its-important
• Ceyhan, A. İ. and Yılmaz, G. K. (2022). A Brief Analysis on Turkey-France Relations in Terms of Media Diplomacy. Örmeci, O. and Denizeau, A. (Eds.), Turkish-French Relations: History, Present, and the Future (pp. 261-277). Springer.
• Cicioğlu, F. and Kalkan, D. (2019). De Gaulle’den Frexit Tartışmalarına: Fransa Avrupa Birliği’nin Neresinde. Bilgi. 21 (1), pp. 1-38.
• Denizeau, A. (2022). Turkish-French Relations during the Second World War and the Cold War. In Denizeau, A. and Örmeci, O. (Eds.), Turkish-French Relations History, Present, and the Future (pp. 71-72). Springer.
• Denizeau, A. and Schmid, D. (2020, July 28). France and the Modernization of the EU-Turkey Customs Union: Interests and Obstacles. IFRI. https://www.ifri.org/en/papers/france-and-modernization-eu-turkey-customs-union-interests-and-obstacles
• Denizeau, A. (2024). The Turkish Diaspora in France. CATS Network Paper. 6, pp. 1-31.
• Denizeau, A. (2025). French-Turkish Relations: Between Political Disagreements and Necessary Cooperation. Avrasya Dünyası. 8 (16), pp. 17-24.
• Devran, Y. and Benrazek, Y. (2017). The French Media Coverage of the Turkish Failed Coup: Analytical Study of Le Monde Newspaper. Atatürk İletişim Dergisi. 12, pp. 175-185.
• Directorate of Communications of Türkiye. (2025, May 20). Türkiye Condemns French and Italian Recognition of Armenian Genocide. https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/english/dis_basinda_turkiye/detay/turkey-condemns-french-and-italian-recognition-of-armenian-genocide
• DrDataStats. (2025, May 1). Gidilen Ülkelere Göre Türkiye’den Yurt Dışına Giden Vatandaşların Sayıları. https://www.drdatastats.com/gidilen-ulkelere-gore-turkiyeden-yurt-disina-giden-vatandaslarin-sayilari
• DW. (2025, May 10). Erdogan Blasts Macron and ‘Islamophobia’ in Europe. https://www.dw.com/en/erdogan-says-macron-needs-mental-treatment-blasts-europes-islamophobia/a-55385180
• EGIAD. (2025, May 1). Fransa Girişimcilik Eko Sistemi Türkiye’den EGİAD ile Buluşuyor. https://egiad.org.tr/2022/01/21/fransa-girisimcilik-eko-sistemi-turkiyeden-egiad-ile-bulusuyor
• European Commission. (2025, May 1). Commission Proposes to Modernize the Customs Union with Turkey. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_16_4468
• Garnier, H. (2025, May 5). De la diplomatie aux attaques personnelles: ces 7 fois où le ton est monté entre Macron et Erdogan. BFM TV. https://www.bfmtv.com/international/de-la-diplomatie-aux-attaques-personnelles-ces-7-fois-ou-le-ton-est-monte-entre-macron-et-erdogan_AV-202010250127.html
• Jabbour, J. (2021). France vs. Turkey in the EastMed: A Geopolitical Rivalry between a Keeper of the Old Order and a Challenging Emergent Power. IFRI.
• Keohane, R. and Nye, J. (2011). Power and Interdependence. Pearson.
• L’Humanité. (2016, February 17). Turquie Un appel pour retirer le PKK de la liste des organisations terroristes de l’UE. https://www.humanite.fr/monde/pkk/turquie-un-appel-pour-retirer-le-pkk-de-la-liste-des-organisations-terroristes-de-lue
• Le Monde. (2025, May 17). Le Parlement adopte la loi sur le génocide arménien. https://l24.im/gN8wKC
• Leduc, S. (2024, June 5). Haut-Karabakh: le nouveau sujet de frictions entre la France et la Turquie. France 24. https://www.france24.com/fr/20200930-haut-karabakh-emmanuel-macron-juge-les-d%C3%A9clarations-turques-inconsid%C3%A9r%C3%A9es-et-dangereuses
• Merchet, J. D. (2024, June 18). Comment s’est déroulé l’incident naval entre la France et la Turquie. L’Opinion. https://www.lopinion.fr/international/comment-sest-deroule-lincident-naval-entre-la-france-et-la-turquie
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Türkiye. (2025b, June 1). No: 65, 28 February 2012, Press Release Regarding the Annulment by the Constitutional Council of France of the Draft Law Concerning the “Criminalization of the Denial of the Genocides Recognized by Law. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-65_-28-february-2012_-press-release-regarding-the-annulment-by-the-constitutional-council-of-france-of-the-draft-law-concerning-the-_criminalization-of-the-denial-of-the-genocides-recognised-by-law_.en.mfa
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Türkiye. (2025a, May 1). President Hollande of France pays a state visit to Turkey. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/president-hollande-of-france-pays-a-state-visit-to-turkey.en.mfa
• Ministry of Industry and Technology of Türkiye. (2025, May 1). Uluslararası Doğrudan Yatırım İstatistikleri. https://sanayi.gov.tr/istatistikler/yatirim-istatistikleri
• Ministry of Trade of Türkiye. (2025a, May 1). Fransa Yurt Dışı Yatırım Ülke Profili. https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5b8a43355c7495406a227638/2023%20Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20Raporlar%C4%B1/Fransa%20Yurtd%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1%20Yat%C4%B1r%C4%B1m%20%C3%9Clke%20Profili.pdf
• Ministry of Trade of Türkiye. (2025b, May 1). Türkiye’de Yerleşik Gerçek ve Tüzel Kişilerin Yurtdışındaki Yatırımları. https://ticaret.gov.tr/hizmet-ticareti/yurtdisi-yatirimlar/uluslararasi-yatirim-istatistikleri/turkiyede-yerlesik-gercek-ve-tuzel-kisilerin-yurtdisindaki-yatirimlari
• Oddon, J. (2020). Francophilia: Case of Armenia, Amberd Bulletin. 3, pp. 82-91.
• OEC. (2025, May 1). France/Turkey. https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/fra/partner/tur
• Önder, M., et al. (2021). Questioning the Compass of the Western Media: Early Perceptions of the July 15 Coup Attempt in Turkey, Insight Turkey. 23 (3), pp. 157-180.
• Örmeci, O. (2022). Türkiye-Fransa İlişkileri. Urzeni Yayınevi.
• Özgan, O. (2020, September 2). Sömürgecilik dönemi Bitti: Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan Fransa’yı ‘Modern Sömürgeci’ Olarak Tanımladı. Yeni Şafak. https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/somurgecilik-donemi-bitti-cumhurbaskani-erdogan-fransayi-modern-somurgeci-olarak-tanimladi-3555535
• Savaş, C. and Yılmaz, A. (2023). French and Turkish Representations of the Mediterranean: Artificial Intelligence Based Content Analysis, Uluslararası İlişkiler. 20 (77), pp. 89-107.
• Silver, C. (2025, January 29). The Top 25 Economies in the World. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/insights/worlds-top-economies/
• Clark, D. (2025, November 28). Turkey: Unemployment Rate from 1999 to 2024. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/263708/unemployment-rate-in-turkey/?srsltid=AfmBOoox5jNlCAmkCFVECakGSzNy3WjI8LFmylqFPyr30JNokV1ysmqK
• Taylor, P. (2025, May 3). France’s Double Game in Libya. Politico. https://www.politico.eu/article/frances-double-game-in-libya-nato-un-khalifa-haftar/
• Tetik, Ü. and Düz, S. (2019). Fransa’da PKK Yapılanması. In Yalçın, H. B. et al. (Eds.), Avrupa’da PKK Yapılanması (pp. 307-255). SETA Yayınları.
• The Program on Negotiation. (2025, June 1). Self-fulfilling Prophecy. https://www.pon.harvard.edu/tag/self-fulfilling-prophecy
• Tobelem, B. (2024, May 16). Qu’est-ce que la Communauté politique européenne? Toute l’Europe. https://www.touteleurope.eu/l-ue-dans-le-monde/qu-est-ce-que-la-communaute-politique-europeenne/
• TUIK. (2025, May 1). Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri, Mart 2025. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dis-Ticaret-Istatistikleri-Mart-2025-53901
• TURSAB. (2025, May 1). Yurt Dışına Giden Vatandaş Sayıları ve Gidilen Ülkeler. https://www.tursab.org.tr/turkiye-turizm-istatistikleri/yurt-disina-giden-vatandas-sayilari-ve-gidilen-ulkeler
• Udum, Ş. and Gezen, M. (2022). Social and Cultural Relations between Turkey and France. In Denizeau, A. and Örmeci, O. (Eds.), Turkish-French Relations History, Present, and the Future (pp. 183-184). Springer.
• Université Galatasaray. (2025, May 17). Historique. https://gsu.edu.tr/fr/universite/informations-generales/historique
• Waltz, K. (1979). Theory of International Politics. McGraw-Hill.
• World Bank. (2025, May 1). Ease of Doing Business rankings. https://archive.doingbusiness.org/en/rankings
• World’s Top Exports. (2025, May 1). France’s Top Trading Partners. https://www.worldstopexports.com/frances-top-import-partners
• WP Travel. (2025, May 1). Most Visited Countries in the World 2020-2024: Statistics. https://wptravel.io/most-visited-countries-in-the-world
• Yunus Emre Institute. (2025, May 20). Special Project for French Diplomat Candidates from Paris Yunus Emre Institute. https://www.yee.org.tr/en/news/special-project-french-diplomat-candidates-paris-yunus-emre-institute