Çapakçur Havzasında (Bingöl Türkiye) Toprak Kayıplarının RUSLE Metodu ile Tahmini ve Sediment Verimi ile Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 25 Sayı: Ek Sayı 2, 523 - 537, 30.12.2022

Yasin Demir Alperen Meral Azize Doğan Demir

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1059631

Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu çalışmada yüksek erozyon riski bulunan Çapakçur havzasında toplam ve net erozyonun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Çapakçur havzasında yıllık toprak kaybı, RUSLE modeli kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Net erozyon ise Çapakçur çayının 2019 yılı boyunca aylık debi ve sediment konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi ile doğrudan ölçülmüştür. Çapakçur havzasında meydana gelen toprak kaybı 96916.20 ton yıl-1 olarak tahmin edilmiş ve Çapakçur çayından taşınan toprak miktarı ise 68656.09 ton yıl-1 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Havzada, sediment iletim oranı (SDR) 0.78 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu oran Türkiye ortalamasının (0.23) oldukça üstündedir. Havzadaki eğim uzunluğu ve derecesinin yüksek, yağış ve vejetasyon kapalılık oranının düşük olması SDR’nin yüksek olmasının ana nedenidir. Yüksek SDR nedeniyle havzanın verimli olan üst toprak katmanı Murat Nehrine taşınmaktadır. Bu durum hem toprakların verimsizleşmesine hem de kısıtlı olan tatlı su kaynaklarının kirlenmesine neden olmaktadır. Havzada bitki örtüsü ve amenajman, uygulamalarının iyileştirilmesi için ağaçlandırma ve teras, tel kafes ve oyuntularda taş duvar gibi toprak koruma uygulamalarının arttırılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Havza yönetimi, RUSLE, Toprak erozyonu, Sediment taşıma oranı, Toprak ve Su Koruma

Destekleyen Kurum

Bingöl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

Pikom.Bitki.2018.001

Estimation of Soil Losses in Çapakcur Watershed (Bingol, Turkey) Using RUSLE Method and Comparison of Predicted Soil Losses with Sediment Yield

Öz

The present study aimed to determine the total and net erosion in the Capakcur watershed, which has a high erosion risk. Accordingly, annual soil loss in the Capakcur watershed was estimated using RUSLE method. Net erosion was determined directly by measuring the monthly flow rate and sediment concentrations of the Capakcur stream, which originated from the Capakcur watershed and flowed into the Murat River throughout 2019. Estimated soil loss in the Capakcur watershed was 96916.20 ton yr-1, and the amount of soil transported from the Capakcur stream was 68656.09 ton yr-1. Sediment delivery ratio (SDR) was calculated as 0.78. This ratio was well above the average SDR of Turkey (0.23). Topographic factors such as slope length and degree, rainfall, and low vegetation cover ratio in the watershed are the main causes of the high SDR. Due to the high SDR, the fertile surface soil layers of lands in the basin are carried to the streams. This causes both decrease in fertility in soils and pollution of the limited freshwater resources. In order to improve vegetation and management practices in the watershed, soil protection practices such as afforestation and terraces, wire cages and stone walls in gullies should be increased.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Watershed management, RUSLE, Soil erosion, Sediment delivery ratio, Water and soil conservation

Proje Numarası

Pikom.Bitki.2018.001

Kaynakça

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