Yağı Alınmış Nar Çekirdeklerinden Fenolik Antioksidanların Özütlenmesinde Ultrases Sisteminin Kullanımı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 6, 1346 - 1357, 31.12.2023

Bülent Başyiğit

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1197761

Öz

Bu çalışmada yağı alınmış nar çekirdeklerin fenolik antioksidanların uygun şartlarda özütlenmesine odaklanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda özütleme adımında ultrases sistemi kullanılmış ve şartlar yanıt yüzey yöntemi ile optimize edilmiştir. Optimizasyon işleminde, özütleme süresinin (5-60 dk) ve ultrases cihazının genliğinin (%20-100) toplam fenolik madde miktarı üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Maksimum toplam fenolik madde miktarı (TFM), özütleme süresinin 52 dk ve genliğin %88 olduğu noktada elde edilmiştir. Optimum koşullarda elde edilen özütlere ait özellikler klasik yöntemle (metanolik özütler) elde edilen özütlerle karşılaştırmalı olarak verilmiştir. Ultrases sistemi kullanılarak elde edilen özütlerin TFM (2.94 mg GAE g-1), toplam flavanoid madde miktarı (TFMM) (0.36 mg KE g-1) ve toplam hidrolize tanen madde miktarı (THTM) (22.07 mg TAE g-1) metanolik özütlerden (2.60 mg GAE g-1, 0.27 mg KE g-1, 16.73 mg TAE g-1) daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. LC-ESI-MS/MS sonuçları yağsız nar çekirdeklerinin gallik asit ve ellajik asit açısından zengin olduğunu göstermiştir. Fenolik asitlerin baskınlığı FTIR spektroskopisi ile doğrulanmıştır. Üstün antioksidatif davranış optimum koşullarda hazırlanan özütlerde (DPPH: 105.26 µmol TEAC g-1, ABTS: 57.65 µmol TEAC g-1, FRAP: 13.03 µmol TEAC g-1, CUPRAC: 8.91 µmol TEAC g-1) tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, meyve çekirdeklerden biyoaktif maddelerin özütlenmesinde ultrases sisteminin efektif bir uygulama olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yağı alınmış nar çekirdeği, Ultrason destekli özütleme, LC-ESI-MS/MS, FTIR spektroskopisi, Antioksidan aktivite

Use of Ultrasound System in Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Oil-Free Pomegranate Seeds

Öz

This study focused on the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from oil-free pomegranate seeds under suitable conditions. In this context, the ultrasound system was applied in the extraction step and the conditions were optimized by the response surface method. The effects of the extraction time (5-60 min) and the amplitude (20-100%) on total phenolic content were investigated. The optimum conditions were 52 min and 88% amplitude for providing maximum total phenolic content. The attributes of the extracts produced under optimum conditions were compared with the extracts obtained by the classical method (methanolic extracts). Total contents of phenolic (2.94 mg GAE g-1), flavonoid (0.36 mg CE g-1), and hydrolysable tannin (22.07 mg TAE g-1) in the extracts prepared using ultrasound assisted system were superior than those of methanolic extracts (2.60 mg GAE g-1, 0.27 mg CE g-1, 16.73 mg TAE g-1). LC-ESI-MS/MS results indicated that defatted pomegranate seeds were rich in gallic acid and ellagic acid. The predominance of phenolic acids was endorsed by FTIR spectroscopy. The extracts produced in the optimum conditions exhibited higher antioxidative behavior (DPPH: 105.26 µmol TEAC g-1, ABTS: 57.65 µmol TEAC g-1, FRAP: 13.03 µmol TEAC g-1, CUPRAC: 8.91 µmol TEAC g-1). The results indicated that ultrasound system created awareness in terms of the effective extraction of bioactive substances from fruit seeds.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oil-free pomegranate seed, Ultrasound assisted extraction, LC-ESI-MS/MS, FTIR spectroscopy, Antioxidant activity

Kaynakça

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