Erişkin Bağışıklamasında Grip Aşısı

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 5, 55 - 63, 30.09.2016

Selim Badur

Öz

Epidemiler sırasında yüksek oranda mortalite ve morbiditeye yol açmasının yanı sıra,

olası bir pandemiye neden olabileceği de kabul edilen grip, tüm dünya için önemli bir sağlık

sorunudur. Bu enfeksiyondan korunmada en etkili yaklaşım aşıların kullanımıdır. Bu yazıda

gribin önemi ve gripden korunmada kullanılan aşıların özelliklerine değinilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Grip, Influenza, grip aşısı

Kaynakça

• 1. Glaser CA, Gilliam S, Thompson WW et al. Medical care capacity for influenza outbreaks, Los Angeles. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8: 569. 2. Simonsen L, Fukuda K, Schonberger LB, Cox NJ. The impact of influenza epidemics on hospitalizations. J Infect Dis 2000;181: 831. 3. Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E et al. Mortality associated with influenza and RSV. JAMA 2003;289: 179. 4. Nicholson KG, Wood JM, Zambon M. Influenza. Lancet 2003;362: 1733. 5. Kilbourne ED. Influenza pandemics of the 20th century. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12: 9. 6. Szucs T. The socio-economic burden of influenza. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 44, Topic B:11. 7. Bridges CB, Katz JM, Levandowski RA, Cox NJ. Inactivated influenza vaccines. “Vaccines, Eds: S Plotkin, W Orenstein, P Offit” kitabında, s. 259, 5. baskı, Saunders Elsevier, Çin, 2008. 8. Poehling KA, Edwards KM, Weinberg GA et al. The underrecognized burden of influenza in young children. N Engl J Med 2006;355: 31. 9. Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Epidemiology of influenza.”Textbook of Influenza, Eds. KG Nicholson, RG Webster, AJ Hay” kitabında, s.181, Blackwell Science, Oxford, 1998. 10. Molinari NAM, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Messonnier ML et al. The annual impact of seasonal influenza in the US: measuring disease burden and costs. Vaccine 2007; 25: 5086. 11. Eccles R. Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and influenza. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 718. 12. Cashat-Cruz M, Morales-Aguirre JJ, Mendoza-Azpiri M. Respiratory tract infections in children in developing countries. Sem Pediatr Infect Dis 2005, 16: 84. 13. Izurieta HS, Thompson WW, Kramarz P et al. Influenza and the rates of hospitalization for respiratory disease among infants and young children. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 232. 14. Neuzil KM, Melen BG, Wright PF, Mitchel EF, Griffin MR. The effect of influenza on hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and courses of antibiotics in children. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:225. 15. Poehling KA, Edwards KM, Weinberg GA et al. The underrecognized burden of influenza in young children. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 31. 16. Neuzil KM, Reed GW, Mitchel EF, Griffin MR. Influenza-associated morbidity and mortality in young and middle-aged women. JAMA 1999; 281: 901. 17. Kynel J, Prochazka B, Goddard NL et al. A study of excess mortality during influenza epidemics in the Czech Republic, 1982- 2000. Euro J Epidemiol 2005; 20: 365. 18. Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y. Influenza: lessons from past pandemics, warnings from current incidents. Nature Rev Microbiol 2005; 3: 591. 19. Nicholson KG. Human influenza. ”Textbook of Influenza, Eds. KG Nicholson, RG Webster, AJ Hay” kitabında, s.219, Blackwell Science, Oxford, 1998. 20. Simonsen L, Viboud C, Taylor RJ, Miller MA. The epidemiology of influenza and its control. “Influenza vaccines for the future, Eds. R Rappuoli, G Del Giudice” kitabında, s. 65, Birkhauser, Verlag, Basel, 2008. 21. Smith DJ, Lapedes AS, de Jong JC et al: Mapping the antigenic and genetic evolution of Influenza virus. Science 2004; 305: 371. 22. Belshe RB, Walker R, Stoddard JJ, Kemble G, Maassab HF, Mendelman PM. Influenza vaccine-live. “Vaccines, Eds: S Plotkin, W Orenstein, P Offit” kitabında, s. 291, 5. baskı, Saunders Elsevier, Çin, 2008. 23. WHO: Influenza vaccines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2000;77: 230. 24. Hannoun C, Megas F, Piercy J: Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of influenza vaccination. Virus Research 2004;103: 133. 25. Govaert TME, Thijs CTMCN, Masurel N, Sprenger MJW, Dinant GJ, Knottnerus JA: The efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly individulas. A randomized double-blind placebo- controlled trial. JAMA 1994;272: 1661. 26. Beyer WEP: Heterogeneity of case-definitions used in vaccine effectiveness studies and its impact on meta-analysis. Vaccine 2006;24: 6602. 27. Nichol KL, Nordin J, Mullooly J et al: Influenza vaccination and reduction in hospitalizations for cardiac disease and stroke among the elderly. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1322. 28. Vu T, Farish S, Jenkins M, Kelly H: A meta-analysis of effectiveness of influenza vaccine in persons aged 65 years and over living in the community. Vaccine 2002; 20: 1831. 29. Maciosek MV, Solberg LI, Coffield AB, Edwards NM, Goodman MJ: Influenza vaccination. Health impact and cost effectiveness among adults aged 50 to 64 and 65 and older. Am J Prev Med 2006;31: 72. 30. Hara M, Sakamoto T, Tanaka K: Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing influenza-like illness among community- dwelling elderly: population-based cohort study in Japan. Vaccine 2006;24: 5546. 31. Kramarz P, DeStefano F, Gargiullo PM et al. Does influenza vaccination prevent asthma exacerbations in children? J Pediatr 2001;138: 306. 32. Hanania NA, Atmar RL, Castro M: Influenza vaccine in patients with asthma. Expert Rev Vaccines 2006;5: 111. 33. Yap FH, Ho PL, Lam KF, et al: Excess hospital admissions for pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure during influenza seasons in Hong Kong. J Med Virol 2004;73: 617. 34. Naghavi M, Barlas Z, Siadaty S et al: Association of influenza vaccination and reduced risk of recurrent myocardial infarction. Circulation 2000;102: 3039. 35. Jimenez-Garcia R, Hernandez-Barrera V, Garrido PC, del Pozo SVF, de Miguel AG: Influenza vaccination among cardiovascular disease sufferers in Spain: related factors and trend, 1993-2003. Vaccine 2006;24: 5073. www.kliniktipdergisi.com 63 36. Van den Akker L, Verheij TJM, Buskens E: Clinical effectiveness of first and repeat influenza vaccination in adults and elderly diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2006;29: 1771. 37. Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention: Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP), 2008. MMWR 2008;57: 1. 38. Jordan R, Connock M, Albon E et al. Universal vaccination of children against influenza: are there indirect benefits to the community? A systematic review of the evidence. Vaccine 2006;24: 1047. 39. Harper SA, Fukuda K, Uyeki TM et al. Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2005;54(RR-8):1. 40. Negri E, Colombo C, Giordano L, Groth N, Apolone G, La Vecchia C: Influenza vaccine in healthy children: a meta-analysis. Vaccine 2005;23: 2851. 41. Heikkinen T, Ruuskanen O, Waris M et al. Influenza vaccination in the prevention of acute otitis media in children. Am J Dis Child 1991;145: 445. 42. Esposito S, Marchisio P, Cavagna R et al. Effectiveness of influenza vaccination of children with recurrent respiratory tract infections in reducing respiratory-related morbidity within the households. Vaccine 2003;21: 3162. 43. Principi N, Esposito s, Gasparini R et al. Burden of influenza in healthy children and their households. Arch Dis Child 2004;89: 1002. 44. Reichert TA, Sugaya N, Fedson DS, Glezen WP, Simonsen L, Tashiro M: The Japanese experience with vaccinating schoolchildren against influenza. N Engl J Med 2001;344: 889. 45. Pearson ML, Bridges CB, Harper SA: Influenza vaccination of health-care personel. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2006;55: 1. 46. Thomas RE, Jefferson TO, Demicheli V, Rivetti D: Influenza vaccination for health-care workers who work with elderly people in institutions: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2006;6: 273. 47. Nichol KL, Lind A, Margolis KL, et al: The effectiveness of vaccination against influenza in healthy, working adults. N Engl J Med 1995;333: 889. 48. Aballea S, Martin M, Chancellor J, Carrat F, Weinstein M: Cost-effectiveness analysis of influenza vaccination among people aged 50 to 64 in France. J Econ Med 2006;24: 267. 49. Keech M, scott AJ, Ryan PJJ: The impact of influenza and influenza- like illness on productivity and healthcare resource utilization in a working population. Occup Med 1998;48: 85. 50. O’Reilly FW, Stevens AB: Sickness absence due to influenza. Occup Med 2002;52: 265. 51. Nichol KL: Cost-benefit analysis of a strategy to vaccinate healthy working adults against influenza. Arch Inter Med 2001;161: 749. 52. Campbell DS, Rumley MH: Cost-effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in a healthy, working-age population. J Occup Environ Med 1997;39: 408. 53. Postma MJ, Jansema P, van Genugten ML et al: Pharmacoeconomics of vaccinating healthy working adults against influenza: reviewing the available evidence. Drugs 2002;62: 1013. 54. Mustafa AN, Gessner BD, Ismail R et al: A case-control study of influenza vaccine effectiveness among Malaysian pilgrims attending the Haj in Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis 2003;7: 210. 55. Gatrad AR, Shafi S, Memish ZA, Sheikh A: Hajj and the risk of influenza. Brit Med J 2006;333: 1182. 56. The macroepidemiology of influenza vaccination in 56 countries, 1997-2003. Vaccine 2005;23: 5133. 57. Szucs T, Auzanneau N, Lamerain E et al: Influenza vaccination coverage rate in Europe during the winter of 2005-2006. 2nd International conference on Influenza Vaccines for the world, 18-20 Ekim 2006, Viyana. 58. Walker FJ, singleton JA, Lu P et al. Influenza vaccination of healthcare workers in the United States, 1989-2002. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006;27: 257. 59. Norton SP, Scheifele DW, Bettinger JA, West RM: Influenza vaccination in paediatric nurses: cross-sectional study of coverage, refusal, and factors in acceptance. Vaccine 2008;26: 2942. 60. Szucs T, Müler D: Influenza vaccination coverage rates in five European countries-a population based cross-sectional analysis of two consecutive influenza seasons. Vaccine 2005;23: 5055. 61. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza vaccination coverage among persons with asthma-United States, 2005-06 influenza season. MMWR 2008;57: 653. 62. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza vaccination levels among person aged > 65 years and among persons aged 18-64 years with high-risk conditions-United States, 2003. MMWR 2005;54: 1045. 63. Taşbakan MS, Pullukçu H, Sipahi H, Taşbakan MI: Kronik obstruktif akciğer hastalığı olgularında influenza aşılanma oranları ve bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. İnfek Derg 2007;21. 89. 64. Naz H, Aykın N, Çevik FÇ, Uğur M, Yaşer Z: Hastane personelinde influenza aşılaması: yan etkiler ve aşılamaya yaklaşım. ANKEM Derg 2007;21 (Ek 1): 8. 65. Kemble G, Greenberg H: Novel generations of influenza vaccines. Vaccine 2003;21: 1789. 66. Piedra PA, Gaglani MJ, KOzinetz CA et al: Herd immunity in adults against influenza-related illnesses with use of the trivalent- live attenuated influenza vaccine (CAIV-T) in children. Vaccine 2005;23: 1540. 67. Belshe RB: Current status of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine in the US. Virus Research 2004;103: 177. 68. Romanova J, Katinger D, Ferko B et al: Live cold-adapted influenza A vaccine produced in Vero cell lien. Virus Research 2004;103: 187. 69. La Montagne JR, Fauci AS. Intradermal influenza vaccination- Can less be more? N Engl J Med 2004;351: 2330. 70. Holland D, Booy R, De Looze F et al. Intradermal Influenza vaccine administrered using a new microinjection system produces superior immunogenicity in elderly adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Infect Dis 2008;198. 650. 71. Ambrose CS, Levin MJ. The rationale for quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:81.