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The Position and Importance of Sarcopenia in Alzheimer Dementia Patients

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 5, 33 - 36, 28.09.2017

Öz

Abstract

Dementia is an insidious disease that has progressed slowly over the years. There are44.4 million patients diagnosed with dementia all over the world. 7.7 million patientsare added to this number each year. This number is expected to rise to 75.6 million in2030 and to 135.5 million in 2050 (WHO, 2013). Alzheimer's disease has become oneof the most important problems of neurology because of increasing in elderly population and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is responsible for 60-70% of dementia cases.Sarcopenia is a syndrome that can lead to negative consequences such as physicaldependence, poor quality of life and mortality characterized by loss of progressive muscle strength. Although it has seen at an earlier age depending on the conditions such aschronic diseases, sedentary life and malnutrition, it has seen as 30% over 65 years oldand 50% over 80 years old due to aging. It is important to be aware of the disease anddetect it early.In this article, research on sarcopenia in patients with AD has been compiled and tried to assess the position and importance of sarcopenia in AD.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynaklar 1.Cruz-Jentoft, A.J., J.P. Baeyens, J.M. Bauer, et al., Sarcope-nia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Reportof the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Pe-ople. Age Ageing, 2010. 39(4): p. 412-23. 2.Rosenberg IH. Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance. JNutr. 1997;127(5 Suppl): 990S-991S. 3.Cruz-Jentoft AJ,Landi F, Topinková E, Michel JP. Understanding sarcopeniaas a geriatric syndrome. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.2010;13(1):1-7. 4.Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, Romero L,Heymsfield SB, Ross RR, et al. Epidemiology of sarcopeniaamong the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol.1998;147(8):755-63. 5.Cawthon PM, Marshall LM, Michael Y, Dam TT, Ensrud KE,Barrett-Connor E, et al. Frailty in older men: prevalence, prog-ression, and relationship with mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc.2007;55(8) :1216-23. 6.Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, Simonsick E, Goodpaster B, Nevitt M, et al. Sarcopenia: alternative definitions andassociations with lower extremity function. J Am Geriatr Soc.2003; 51(11): 1602-9. 7.Delmonico, M.J., T.B. Harris, J.S. Lee, et al., Alternative de-finitions of sarcopenia, lower extremity performance, and func-tional impairment with aging in older men and women. J AmGeriatr Soc, 2007. 55(5): p. 769-74. 8.Goodpaster, B.H., S.W. Park, T.B. Harris, et al., The loss ofskeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: thehealth, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A BiolSci Med Sci, 2006. 61(10): p. 1059-64. 9.Paddon-Jones, D., K.R. Short, W.W. Campbell, et al., Role ofdietary protein in the sarcopenia of aging. Am J Clin Nutr,2008. 87(5): p. 1562S-1566S. 10.Rosenberg IH, Roubenoff R. Stalking sarcopenia. Ann InternMed. 1995; 123(9): 727-8. 11.Visser M, Schaap LA. Consequences of sarcopenia. Clin Ge-riatr Med. 2011; 27(3): 387-99. 12.Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal musc-le mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with func-tional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc.2002;50(5):889-96. 13.Zoico E, Di Francesco V, Guralnik JM, Mazzali G, Bortola-ni A, Guariento S, et al. Physical disability and muscularstrength in relation to obesity and different body compositi-on indexes in a sample of healthy elderly women. Int J ObesRelat Metab Disord. 2004;28(2):234-41. 14.Cederholm, T., I. Bosaeus, R. Barazzoni, et al., Diagnostic cri-teria for malnutrition- An ESPEN Consensus Statement.Clin Nutr, 2015. 34(3): p. 335-40. 15.Thomas, D.R., Loss of skeletal muscle mass in aging: exami-ning the relationship of starvation, sarcopenia and cachexia.Clin Nutr, 2007. 26(4): p. 389-99. 16.Walston, J., E.C. Hadley, L. Ferrucci, et al., Research agen-da for frailty in older adults: toward a better understandingof physiology and etiology: summary from the American Ge-riatrics Society/National Institute on Aging Research Confe-rence on Frailty in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2006. 54(6):p. 991-1001. 17.Morley, J.E., T.K. Malmstrom, and D.K. Miller, A simple fra-ilty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle agedAfrican Americans. J Nutr Health Aging, 2012. 16(7): p. 601-8. 18.Morley JE. Sarcopenia: diagnosis and treatment. J Nutr He-alth Aging. 2008;12(7):452-6. 19.Wang C, Bai L. Sarcopenia in the elderly: basic and clinicalissues. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2012; 12(3): 388-96. 20.Janssen I. The epidemiology of sarcopenia. Clin Geriatr Med.2011;27(3):35563. 21.Jones, T.E., K.W. Stephenson, J.G. King, et al., Sarcopenia-mechanisms and treatments. J Geriatr Phys Ther, 2009. 32(2):p. 83-9. 22.Roubenoff R. Sarcopenia and its implications for the elderly.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54 Suppl 3:S40-7. 23.Zadik Z, Chalew SA, McCarter RJ, Meistas M, Kowarski AA.The influence of age on the 24-hour integrated concentrati-on of growth hormone in normal individuals. J Clin Endoc-rinol Metab. 1985; 60(3): 513-6. 24.Lang CH, Frost RA, Nairn AC, MacLean DA, Vary TC. TNF-alpha impairs heart and skeletal muscle protein synthesis byaltering translation initiation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Me-tab. 2002;282(2):E336-47. 25.Rolland Y, Onder G, Morley JE, Gillette-Guyonet S, Abellanvan Kan G, Vellas B. Current and future pharmacologic tre-atment of sarcopenia. Clin Geriatr Med. 2011;27(3):423-47. 26.Jeffrey M. Burns, MD, MS. Reduced Lean Mass in Early Alz-heimer Disease and Its Association With Brain Atrophy. ArchNeurol. 2010 Nis; 67 (4): 428-433. 27.Morley JE. Pathophysiology of anorexia. Clin Geriatr Med2002; 18: 661-3. 28.Seiler WO. Clinical pictures of malnütrition in ill elderly sub-ject. Nutrition 2001;17(6): 496-498. 29.Saji N, Arai H, Sakurai T, Toba K. Frailty and sarcopenia: a newbridge to dementia. Nihon Rinsho. 2016 Mar; 74(3): 505-9. 30.Zauner K, Windhager E. Dementia and Nutrition-a brief over-view. Psychiatr Danub. 2015 Dec; 27(4): 446-51. 31.Volkert D, Chourdakis M, Faxen-Irving G, Frühwald T,Landi F, Suominen MH, Vandewoude M. ESPEN guidelineson nutrition in dementia. 2015 Dec; 34(6): 1052-73. 32.Sobów T, Fendler W, Magierski R. Body mass index and mild cog-nitive impairment-to-dementia progression in 24 months: a pros-pective study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov; 68(11): 1216-9. 33.Nourhashémi F, Andrieu S, Gillette-Guyonnet S, Reynish E,Albarède JL, Grandjean H, Vellas B. Is there a relationshipbetween fat-free soft tissue mass and low cognitive function?Results from a study of 7105 women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002Nov; 50(11): 1796-801. 34.Chang KV, Hsu TH, Wu WT, Huang KC, Han DS. Associati-on Between Sarcopenia and Cognitive Impairment: A Syste-matic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016Dec 1;17 (12): 1164.e7-1164.e15. 35.Tolea MI, Galvin JE. Sarcopenia and impairment in cognitive and physical performance. Clin. İntery. Aging.2015;10:663-671 36.Yong-Seong L, Sang-Dae K, Hee-Ju K, et al. Associations ofUpper Arm and Thigh Circumferences with Dementia and Depression in Korean Elders. Psychiatry Investig. 2017 Mar; 14(2):150–157.

Alzheimer Tipi Demans Tanılı Hastalarda Sarkopeninin Yeri ve Önemi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 5, 33 - 36, 28.09.2017

Öz

Öz

Demans, sinsi başlangıçlı, yıllar içinde yavaş ve ilerleyici seyirli bir hastalıktır. Tümdünyada 44,4 milyon demanslı hasta vardır. Bu sayıya her yıl 7,7 milyon hasta daha eklenmektedir. Bu sayının 2030 yılında 75,6 milyona, 2050 yılında ise 135,5 milyona çıkması beklenmektedir (DSÖ, 2013). Yaşlı nüfusunun giderek artması, demansın sık karşılaşılan bir durum olması ve demanslı olguların %60-70’inden Alzheimer Hastalığı’nın(AH) sorumlu olması nedeni ile AH, nörolojinin en önemli sorunlarından biri haline gelmiştir.Sarkopeni, ilerleyici kas gücü ve kuvvetinin kaybı ile karakterize olan fiziksel bağım-lılık, kötü yaşam kalitesi ve mortalite gibi olumsuz sonuçlara neden olabilen bir sendromdur. Kronik hastalıklar, sedanter yaşam, malnutrisyon gibi durumlara bağlı daha erkenyaşlarda görülebilse de yaşlanmaya bağlı 65 yaş ve üzerinde %30, 80 yaş üzerinde %50sıklıkla görülür. Hastalığın farkında olunması, erken dönemde saptanması önem arz etmektedir.Bu yazıda, AH tanılı hastalarda sarkopeni ile ilgili araştırmalar derlenmiş ve AH’dayeri ve önemi değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynaklar 1.Cruz-Jentoft, A.J., J.P. Baeyens, J.M. Bauer, et al., Sarcope-nia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Reportof the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Pe-ople. Age Ageing, 2010. 39(4): p. 412-23. 2.Rosenberg IH. Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance. JNutr. 1997;127(5 Suppl): 990S-991S. 3.Cruz-Jentoft AJ,Landi F, Topinková E, Michel JP. Understanding sarcopeniaas a geriatric syndrome. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.2010;13(1):1-7. 4.Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, Romero L,Heymsfield SB, Ross RR, et al. Epidemiology of sarcopeniaamong the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol.1998;147(8):755-63. 5.Cawthon PM, Marshall LM, Michael Y, Dam TT, Ensrud KE,Barrett-Connor E, et al. Frailty in older men: prevalence, prog-ression, and relationship with mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc.2007;55(8) :1216-23. 6.Newman AB, Kupelian V, Visser M, Simonsick E, Goodpaster B, Nevitt M, et al. Sarcopenia: alternative definitions andassociations with lower extremity function. J Am Geriatr Soc.2003; 51(11): 1602-9. 7.Delmonico, M.J., T.B. Harris, J.S. Lee, et al., Alternative de-finitions of sarcopenia, lower extremity performance, and func-tional impairment with aging in older men and women. J AmGeriatr Soc, 2007. 55(5): p. 769-74. 8.Goodpaster, B.H., S.W. Park, T.B. Harris, et al., The loss ofskeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: thehealth, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A BiolSci Med Sci, 2006. 61(10): p. 1059-64. 9.Paddon-Jones, D., K.R. Short, W.W. Campbell, et al., Role ofdietary protein in the sarcopenia of aging. Am J Clin Nutr,2008. 87(5): p. 1562S-1566S. 10.Rosenberg IH, Roubenoff R. Stalking sarcopenia. Ann InternMed. 1995; 123(9): 727-8. 11.Visser M, Schaap LA. Consequences of sarcopenia. Clin Ge-riatr Med. 2011; 27(3): 387-99. 12.Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal musc-le mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with func-tional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc.2002;50(5):889-96. 13.Zoico E, Di Francesco V, Guralnik JM, Mazzali G, Bortola-ni A, Guariento S, et al. Physical disability and muscularstrength in relation to obesity and different body compositi-on indexes in a sample of healthy elderly women. Int J ObesRelat Metab Disord. 2004;28(2):234-41. 14.Cederholm, T., I. Bosaeus, R. Barazzoni, et al., Diagnostic cri-teria for malnutrition- An ESPEN Consensus Statement.Clin Nutr, 2015. 34(3): p. 335-40. 15.Thomas, D.R., Loss of skeletal muscle mass in aging: exami-ning the relationship of starvation, sarcopenia and cachexia.Clin Nutr, 2007. 26(4): p. 389-99. 16.Walston, J., E.C. Hadley, L. Ferrucci, et al., Research agen-da for frailty in older adults: toward a better understandingof physiology and etiology: summary from the American Ge-riatrics Society/National Institute on Aging Research Confe-rence on Frailty in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2006. 54(6):p. 991-1001. 17.Morley, J.E., T.K. Malmstrom, and D.K. Miller, A simple fra-ilty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle agedAfrican Americans. J Nutr Health Aging, 2012. 16(7): p. 601-8. 18.Morley JE. Sarcopenia: diagnosis and treatment. J Nutr He-alth Aging. 2008;12(7):452-6. 19.Wang C, Bai L. Sarcopenia in the elderly: basic and clinicalissues. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2012; 12(3): 388-96. 20.Janssen I. The epidemiology of sarcopenia. Clin Geriatr Med.2011;27(3):35563. 21.Jones, T.E., K.W. Stephenson, J.G. King, et al., Sarcopenia-mechanisms and treatments. J Geriatr Phys Ther, 2009. 32(2):p. 83-9. 22.Roubenoff R. Sarcopenia and its implications for the elderly.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54 Suppl 3:S40-7. 23.Zadik Z, Chalew SA, McCarter RJ, Meistas M, Kowarski AA.The influence of age on the 24-hour integrated concentrati-on of growth hormone in normal individuals. J Clin Endoc-rinol Metab. 1985; 60(3): 513-6. 24.Lang CH, Frost RA, Nairn AC, MacLean DA, Vary TC. TNF-alpha impairs heart and skeletal muscle protein synthesis byaltering translation initiation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Me-tab. 2002;282(2):E336-47. 25.Rolland Y, Onder G, Morley JE, Gillette-Guyonet S, Abellanvan Kan G, Vellas B. Current and future pharmacologic tre-atment of sarcopenia. Clin Geriatr Med. 2011;27(3):423-47. 26.Jeffrey M. Burns, MD, MS. Reduced Lean Mass in Early Alz-heimer Disease and Its Association With Brain Atrophy. ArchNeurol. 2010 Nis; 67 (4): 428-433. 27.Morley JE. Pathophysiology of anorexia. Clin Geriatr Med2002; 18: 661-3. 28.Seiler WO. Clinical pictures of malnütrition in ill elderly sub-ject. Nutrition 2001;17(6): 496-498. 29.Saji N, Arai H, Sakurai T, Toba K. Frailty and sarcopenia: a newbridge to dementia. Nihon Rinsho. 2016 Mar; 74(3): 505-9. 30.Zauner K, Windhager E. Dementia and Nutrition-a brief over-view. Psychiatr Danub. 2015 Dec; 27(4): 446-51. 31.Volkert D, Chourdakis M, Faxen-Irving G, Frühwald T,Landi F, Suominen MH, Vandewoude M. ESPEN guidelineson nutrition in dementia. 2015 Dec; 34(6): 1052-73. 32.Sobów T, Fendler W, Magierski R. Body mass index and mild cog-nitive impairment-to-dementia progression in 24 months: a pros-pective study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov; 68(11): 1216-9. 33.Nourhashémi F, Andrieu S, Gillette-Guyonnet S, Reynish E,Albarède JL, Grandjean H, Vellas B. Is there a relationshipbetween fat-free soft tissue mass and low cognitive function?Results from a study of 7105 women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002Nov; 50(11): 1796-801. 34.Chang KV, Hsu TH, Wu WT, Huang KC, Han DS. Associati-on Between Sarcopenia and Cognitive Impairment: A Syste-matic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016Dec 1;17 (12): 1164.e7-1164.e15. 35.Tolea MI, Galvin JE. Sarcopenia and impairment in cognitive and physical performance. Clin. İntery. Aging.2015;10:663-671 36.Yong-Seong L, Sang-Dae K, Hee-Ju K, et al. Associations ofUpper Arm and Thigh Circumferences with Dementia and Depression in Korean Elders. Psychiatry Investig. 2017 Mar; 14(2):150–157.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İç Hastalıkları
Bölüm makaleler
Yazarlar

Tamer Yazar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Eylül 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Yazar, T. (2017). Alzheimer Tipi Demans Tanılı Hastalarda Sarkopeninin Yeri ve Önemi. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği, 9(5), 33-36.
AMA Yazar T. Alzheimer Tipi Demans Tanılı Hastalarda Sarkopeninin Yeri ve Önemi. Aile Hekimliği. Eylül 2017;9(5):33-36.
Chicago Yazar, Tamer. “Alzheimer Tipi Demans Tanılı Hastalarda Sarkopeninin Yeri Ve Önemi”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 9, sy. 5 (Eylül 2017): 33-36.
EndNote Yazar T (01 Eylül 2017) Alzheimer Tipi Demans Tanılı Hastalarda Sarkopeninin Yeri ve Önemi. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 9 5 33–36.
IEEE T. Yazar, “Alzheimer Tipi Demans Tanılı Hastalarda Sarkopeninin Yeri ve Önemi”, Aile Hekimliği, c. 9, sy. 5, ss. 33–36, 2017.
ISNAD Yazar, Tamer. “Alzheimer Tipi Demans Tanılı Hastalarda Sarkopeninin Yeri Ve Önemi”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 9/5 (Eylül 2017), 33-36.
JAMA Yazar T. Alzheimer Tipi Demans Tanılı Hastalarda Sarkopeninin Yeri ve Önemi. Aile Hekimliği. 2017;9:33–36.
MLA Yazar, Tamer. “Alzheimer Tipi Demans Tanılı Hastalarda Sarkopeninin Yeri Ve Önemi”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği, c. 9, sy. 5, 2017, ss. 33-36.
Vancouver Yazar T. Alzheimer Tipi Demans Tanılı Hastalarda Sarkopeninin Yeri ve Önemi. Aile Hekimliği. 2017;9(5):33-6.