Retinopathy in Individuals With and Without Prediabetes: A Prospective Clinic-Based Comparative Study

Abstract

Objective: Prediabetes is an intermediate state of hyperglycemia that does not reach the diagnostic limits of diabetes mellitus (DM). Retinopathy, a chronic microvascular complication of DM, is the most common cause of preventable blindness in people aged 20-65. This study aimed to investigate the presence of retinopathy in individuals with and without prediabetes. Methods: The study included 56 patients diagnosed with prediabetes, who visited the periodic health examination outpatient clinic of a hospital between April and September 2022, and 47 people without a diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes, regardless of their additional chronic diseases. Measurements taken included weight, Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and systolic-diastolic blood pressure, along with various laboratory tests. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, which included assessments of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior segment and fundus examinations, and measurements of central foveal thickness (CFT) and mean foveal thickness (MFT) using Spectral field optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Results: Diabetic retinopathy was found in 1 of the 56 prediabetic patients, and hypertensive retinopathy in 2 patients. In the non-prediabetic group, no diabetic retinopathy was found, but hypertensive retinopathy was present in 2 individuals. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of retinopathy between the prediabetic and non-prediabetic groups (p=0.796). Conclusion: The study observed no significant difference in the incidence of diabetic retinopathy between patients with and without prediabetes. However, maintaining blood pressure regulation, monitoring lipid panels, and controlling weight in prediabetic patients are crucial to preventing the progression to DM.

Keywords

• Prediabetes
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Retinopathy

Prediyabetli ve Prediyabetsiz Bireylerde Retinopati: Prospektif Klinik Tabanlı Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Prediyabet, diabetes mellitus (DM) tanısı için gerekli sınırlara ulaşmayan bir hiperglisemi ara durumudur. DM'nin kronik mikrovasküler komplikasyonu olan retinopati, 20-65 yaş arası kişilerde önlenebilir körlüğün en yaygın nedenidir. Bu çalışma, prediyabetli ve prediyabeti olmayan bireylerde retinopati varlığını araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya, Nisan ve Eylül 2022 tarihleri arasında bir hastanenin periyodik sağlık muayenesi polikliniğini ziyaret eden, prediyabet tanısı konmuş 56 hasta ve ek kronik hastalıkları ne olursa olsun prediyabet veya diyabet tanısı konmamış 47 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Ölçümler arasında ağırlık, vücut kitle indeksi, bel ve kalça çevresi, sistolik-diyastolik kan basıncı ve çeşitli laboratuvar testleri yer almıştır. Her hasta, görme keskinliği, göz içi basıncı, ön segment ve fundus muayeneleri ile Spektral alan optik koherens tomografi kullanılarak merkezi foveal kalınlık ve ortalama foveal kalınlık ölçümlerini içeren tam bir oftalmolojik muayeneden geçirildi. Bulgular: 56 prediyabetik hastanın birinde diyabetik retinopati, 2 hastada ise hipertansif retinopati saptandı. Prediyabetik olmayan grupta diyabetik retinopati saptanmazken, 2 kişide hipertansif retinopati mevcuttu. Prediabetik ve prediabetik olmayan gruplar arasında retinopati görülme sıklığı açısından anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p=0,796). Sonuç: Çalışmada, prediyabetik ve prediyabetik olmayan hastalar arasında diyabetik retinopati insidansında anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir. Ancak, prediyabetik hastalarda kan basıncının düzenlenmesi, lipid panellerinin izlenmesi ve kilonun kontrol edilmesi, DM'ye ilerlemenin önlenmesi için çok önemlidir.

Keywords

• Prediyabet
• Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Retinopati

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