Postpartum Depresyonun Önlenmesinde Psikososyal ve Psikoeğitsel Müdahaleler İle Ebelik Bakımının Önemi

Öz

Amaç: Bu derleme; postpartum depresyonun önlenmesine yönelik psikososyal ve psikoeğitsel müdahalelerin incelenmesi, postpartum depresyonun önlenmesinde ebelik bakımının öneminin vurgulanması, sağlık profesyonellerinin bu konudaki farkındalıklarının arttırılması amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Gereç-Yöntem: Araştırma Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Medline/PubMed gibi arama motorlarında güncel literatür taraması yapılarak hazırlanmıştır. Bulgular: Postpartum depresyon her yıl kadınların yaklaşık %10-15’ini etkileyen ciddi bir zihinsel sağlık sorunudur. Kadın yaşamına olumsuz etkileri, çocuğun gelişimsel sürecine ve geleceğine verdiği zararlar ile ailesel ve toplumsal sorunlara yol açması göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, postpartum depresyonun önlenmesi gereklidir. Bu kapsamda etkili ve erişilebilir önleyici müdahalelerin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanması büyük önem taşır. Bilişsel davranışçı terapi, ev ziyareti programları, farkındalık müdahaleleri, kişilerarası psikoterapi ve akran desteği postpartum depresyonun önlenmesinde kullanılabilen ve etkinliği kanıtlanmış olan psikososyal ve psikoeğitsel müdahale yöntemleridir. Sonuç: Gebelik ve emzirme döneminde kadınların farmakolojik müdahalelerden kaçınmaları nedeniyle psikososyal ve psikoeğitsel müdahaleler postpartum depresyonun önlenmesinde tercih edilebilir ve etkili birer seçenek olabilir. Gebelikte ve postpartum dönemde kadınlarla yakın temas halinde olan ebelerin postpartum depresyon ve önleyici müdahaleler konusunda bilgi sahibi olması, bu bilgiyi antenatal ve postpartum dönemdeki takiplerinde kullanabilmesi önemli sorumluluklarındadır. Özellikle yüksek postpartum depresyonu riskine sahip olan bölgelerde sağlık profesyonellerinin hastalığın risk faktörleri ve belirtileri konusunda duyarlı olması, farkındalıklarının arttırılması önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Postpartum depresyon
• önleme
• ebelik bakımı
• psikososyal
• psikoeğitim.

The Importance of Psychosocial and Psychoeducational Interventions and Midwifery Care in the Prevention of Postpartum Depression

Öz

Objective: This review; It has been prepared to examine psychosocial and psychoeducational interventions for the prevention of postpartum depression, to emphasize the importance of midwifery care in the prevention of postpartum depression, and to increase the awareness of health professionals on this issue. Methods: The research was prepared by searching the current literature in search engines such as Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Medline/PubMed. Results: Postpartum depression is a serious mental health problem that affects approximately 10-15% of women each year. Considering the negative effects on women's life, the damages it causes to the developmental process and future of the child, and the fact that it causes familial and social problems, it is necessary to prevent postpartum depression. In this context, the development and implementation of effective and accessible preventive interventions is of great importance. Cognitive behavioral therapy, home visit programs, mindfulness interventions, interpersonal psychotherapy and peer support are psychosocial and psychoeducational intervention methods that can be used in the prevention of postpartum depression and whose effectiveness has been proven. Conclusion: Because women avoid pharmacological interventions during pregnancy and lactation, psychosocial and psychoeducational interventions may be preferable and effective options in the prevention of postpartum depression. It is important for midwives, who are in close contact with women during pregnancy and postpartum period, to have knowledge about postpartum depression and preventive interventions, and to use this information in their antenatal and postpartum follow-ups. It is important for health professionals to be sensitive about the risk factors and symptoms of the disease and to increase their awareness, especially in regions with a high risk of postpartum depression.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Postpartum depression
• prevention
• midwifery care
• psychosocial intervention
• psychoeducation.

Kaynakça

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