NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL PHYSICAL METHODS USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PAIN DURING VACCINATION IN BABIES

Öz

Vaccination is a method used to prevent the emergence of diseases in infants to prevent disease-related disabilities and deaths. It is also known as providing immunity by applying antigen mixtures to the body through various methods. Vaccine injection is a significant stress factor that creates pain for babies and their families. Various procedures such as blood draws, tests, vaccinations and injections can cause iatrogenic pain. The pain experience during vaccine injection can negatively affect lifelong treatment compliance by creating a needle phobia. Many physical and cognitive methods can be applied to prevent vaccine-related pain. Pain is serious problem that can affect health status and have negative consequences in all areas of life if not controlled. It is stated that as age decreases, pain due to vaccination is felt more, and future behavioral changes may occur due to permanent damage to the neuronal circuit where pain is processed. If not treated appropriately, it can cause increased pain sensitivity and decreased immunity. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods can be used in pain management. Non-pharmacological methods used in pain management consist of various physical and cognitive methods that will help make pain more bearable. In this study, we focused on physical non-pharmacological methods such as positioning, swaddling, kangaroo care, massage, buzzy, shot blocker use, cold application, and acupuncture, which are physical non-pharmacological methods applied to babies. As pain procedure practitioners, pediatric nurses should be able to diagnose pain physically and physiologically, perform age-appropriate and effective interventions in babies, and relieve pain-related symptoms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pain
• Vaccine
• Pain Management
• Physical Method
• Baby
• Injection

BEBEKLERDE AŞI UYGULAMALARI SIRASINDA OLUŞAN AĞRININ YÖNETİMİNDE KULLANILAN NON-FARMAKOLOJİK FİZİKSEL YÖNTEMLER

Öz

Aşı, bebek ve çocuklarda hastalıkların ortaya çıkışının engellenmesi, hastalıklara bağlı sakatlık ve ölümlerin önlenmesi için uygulanan koruyucu bir yöntemdir. Çeşitli metotlarla antijen karışımlarının vücuda uygulanması ile bağışıklık sağlanması olarak da bilinmektedir. Aşı enjeksiyonu bebekler ve aileleri için ağrı oluşturan önemli bir stres faktörüdür. Kan alma, testler, aşı ve enjeksiyon uygulamaları gibi çeşitli işlemler iyatrojenik ağrıya neden olabilmektedir. Aşı enjeksiyonu sırasında oluşan ağrı deneyimi, iğne fobisi oluşturarak hayat boyu tedaviye uyumu olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Aşıya bağlı ağrıyı önlemeye yönelik birçok fiziksel ve bilişsel yöntem uygulanabilmektedir. Ağrı, sağlık durumunu etkileyebilen, kontrol altına alınmadığında hayatın tüm alanlarında olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabilen ciddi bir sorundur. Yaş küçüldükçe aşı uygulamalarına bağlı ağrının daha fazla hissedildiği, ağrının işlendiği nöronal devrede kalıcı hasara bağlı olarak ileri dönem davranış değişikliği gelişebildiği ifade edilmektedir. Uygun tedavi edilmediğinde ağrı duyarlılığının artmasına ve bağışıklığın düşmesine sebep olabilmektedir. Ağrı yönetiminde farmakolojik ve non-farmakolojik çeşitli yöntemler kullanılabilmektedir. Ağrı yönetiminde kullanılan non-farmakolojik yöntemler ağrının daha dayanılabilir hale gelmesine yardımcı olacak çeşitli fiziksel ve bilişsel yöntemlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bebekler için uygulanan fiziksel non-farmakolojik yöntemlerden olan pozisyon verme, kundaklama, kanguru bakımı, masaj, buzzy, shotblocker kullanımı, soğuk uygulama, akapunktur gibi fiziksel uygulamalara odaklanılmıştır. Pediatri hemşireleri ağrılı işlem uygulayıcıları olarak ağrıyı fiziksel ve fizyolojik olarak tanılayabilmeli, bebeklerde yaşa uygun ve etkili müdahaleler yapabilmeli ve ağrıya bağlı oluşan semptomları giderebilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enjeksiyon
• Ağrı
• Aşı
• Ağrı yönetimi
• Fiziksel uygulama
• Bebek

Kaynakça

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