Posttranskripsiyonel RNA modifikasyonları ve fonksiyonları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 73 - 83, 30.08.2021

Zeliha Tuncer Ercan Kurar

Öz

Transkripsiyon sonrası mRNA modifikasyonları, posttranskripsiyonel RNA modifikasyonları, RNA epigenetiği ya da epitranskriptomiks olarak adlandırılmaktadır. RNA'da DNA’ya göre daha fazla modifikasyon olmaktadır, çünkü DNA genetik bilgi deposu iken RNA mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, miRNA gibi farklı türlerine ve farklı katalitik, gen düzenleme, protein sentezi gibi fonksiyonlara sahiptir. RNA’da posttranskripsiyonel modifikasyonlar yaklaşık 60 yıl önce Psödoouridinin (Ψ) tanımlanması ile keşfedildi. RNA'larda gözlenen 3 majör modifikasyon, 2’-0-metil nükleotit, 5-metilsitozin (m5C) ve N6-metil adenindir (m6A). m6A modifikasyonunun embriyonik ve nöral kök hücrelerin farklılaşmasında önemli bir rol oynadığı bulunmuştur. RNA'da posttranskripsiyonel modifikasyonları yeni bir alan olup biyolojik önemini anlamak için yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Epigenetik, RNA, 5-metilsitozin (m5C), N6-metil adenin

Posttranscriptional RNA modifications and functions

Öz

Post transcriptional mRNA modifications are called epitranscriptomics or RNA epigenetics. There are more modifications in RNA than DNA because the DNA is a genetic information store, while RNA has different types of mRNAs including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, miRNA, and different catalytic, gene regulation, protein synthesis functions. Identification of pseudouridine (Ψ) was discovered about 60 years ago. Three major modifications observed in RNAs are 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and N6-methyl adenosine. m6A modification has been found to play an important role in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells and nerve cell. RNA epigenetics studies are a very new area and require many more studies to understand its biological significance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Epigenetic, RNA, 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N6-methyl adenosine

Kaynakça

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