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Covid-19 Pandemisinde Planlı Ev Doğumları

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 129 - 138, 26.08.2022

Öz

Yeni koronavirüs salgınının dünya genelinde görülmeye başlandığı günden bu yana ev ve doğum merkezlerini tercih eden gebelerin sayısı artmış ve bu durum lisanslı sağlık profesyonellerini daha önemli bir hale getirmiştir. Özellikle pandemi sürecinde kadınlar hastane dışında doğum yapma seçeneklerine yönlenmişlerdir. ACOG ise bu süreçte entegre bir sağlık sistemine sahip olan ülkelerde doğumun hastane dışarısında evde mümkün olabileceğini kabul etmiştir.
Ancak evde doğumların güvenli olabilmesi için planlı ve uzman kişiler tarafından desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Günümüzde planlı evde doğum oranları ABD %10, evde doğumun somut olmayan kültürel miras listesine girdiği Hollanda’ da %12.5, Türkiye’ de ise %1’ den daha az oranlarda görülmektedir. Yapılan kanıt temelli çalışmalarda planlı evde doğumun maternal ve yenidoğan üzerine etkilerinin değişiklik gösterebileceği belirtilmiştir. Ancak doğumların planlı olarak evde gerçekleşmesi kadınların daha rahat olması ve daha bağımsız hareket etmeleri nedeni ile memnuniyet oranlarını yükseltmektedir. Bununla birlikte her doğumda da oluşabileceği gibi ev doğumlarında da acil yönetim gerektiren riskler oluşabilmekte, entegre obstetrik hizmetlere sahip olmayan birçok ülkede de ev doğumları, planlı hastane doğumlarından daha kötü duruma gelebilmektedir.
Bu nedenlerle özelikle hastane dışı doğumların uluslararası kabul görmüş standartlarca uygulanması önemlidir. Ev doğumlarının, özel sertifika eğitimlerinden geçmiş ebe/obstetrisyen eşliğinde, hastane ile ev arasında gerektiğinde transfer ihtiyacının karşılanabileceği durumlarda, entegre bir sağlık sisteminin bulunduğu ülkelerde obstetrik risk faktörü taşımayan kadınlarla gerçekleşmesi kabul görmüştür. Bu makalede Covid 19 pandemi sürecinin doğum tercihlerini nasıl etkilediği, güvenlik, maliyet ve güncel araştırmalar ışığında derlemiştir.

Kaynakça

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2020). Planned Home Birth. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: 2020https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee opinion/articles/2017/04/planned-home-birth.
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2019). Australia's Mothers and Babies. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/mothers-babies/australias-mothers-babies/contents/labour-and-birth/place-of-birth.
  • Bayram, G.O. (2009). Kanıta dayalı uygulamalar doğrultusunda alternatif bir doğum yöntemi: evde doğum. 100. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2(3), 99-104.
  • Scarf, V., Rossiter, C., Vedam, S., Dahlen, H. G., Ellwood, D., & Forster, D. (2018). Maternal and perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth among women with low-risk pregnancies in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Midwifery, 62, 240–255.
  • Daviss, B.A., Anderson, D.A., & Johnson, K.C. (2021). Pivoting to childbirth at home or in freestanding birth centers1 in the us during COVID-19: safety, economics and logistics. Frontiers in Sociology, 6 (24).
  • Declercq, E., & Stotland, N. (2021). Planned home birth. Erişim Adresi: //www.uptodate.com/contents/planned-home-birth.
  • Gregory, E.C., Osterman, M.J., & Valenzuela, C.P. (2021). Changes in births to New York City residents occurring outside New York City, by race and Hispanic origin of the mother: 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. National Center for Health Statistics, 13, 1-5.
  • Grünebaum, A., McCullough, L.B., Bornstein, E., Klein, R., Dudenhausen, J.W., & Chervenak, F.A. (2020). Professionally responsible counseling about birth location during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal Of Perinatal Medicine, 48(5), 450-452.
  • Koninklijke Nederlandse Organisatie (KNOV) (2017). Midwifery in the Netherlands. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.knov.nl/serve/file/knov.nl/knov_downloads/526/file/Midwifery_in_The_Netherlands_versie_2017.pdf.
  • Kobayashi, S., Hanada, N., Matsuzaki, M., Takehara, K., Ota, E., Sasaki, H., & Mori, R. (2017). Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, 1-3.
  • International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) (2017). Home Birth Position Statement. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.internationalmidwives.org/assets/files/statement-files/2019/06/eng-home birth14-converted-new-letterhead.pdf.
  • Janssen, P.A., Saxell, L., Page, L.A., Klein, M.C., Liston, R.M., & Lee, S.K. (2009). Outcomes of planned home birth with registered midwife versus planned hospital birth with midwife or physician. Cmaj, 181(6-7), 377-383.
  • National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) (2021). Births: Final Data for 2019. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-tables-508.pdf.
  • Premkumar, A., Cassimatis, I., Berhie, S.H., Jao, J., Cohn, S.E., Sutton, S.H., & Yee, L.M. (2020). Home birth in the era of COVID-19: counseling and preparation for pregnant persons living with HIV. American Journal Of Perinatology, 37(10), 1038-1043.
  • Renfrew, M.J., Cheyne, H., Craig, J., Duff, E., Dykes, F., Hunter, B., & Downe, S. (2020). Sustaining quality midwifery care in a pandemic and beyond. Midwifery, 88, 1-7.
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) (2020). Home Birth. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.rcog.org.uk/search-results/?q=home%20birth.
  • Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Eğitim Ve Sertifikasyon Daire Başkanlığı (2021). Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://shgmesdb.saglik.gov.tr/.
  • Symon, A., Shinwell, S., & Craig, J. (2020). Process lessons from evaluating a combined continuity of carer and home birth scheme. Birth, 47(4), 389-396.
  • United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) (2020). Millions of Pregnant Mothers And Babies Born During COVID-19 Pandemic Threatened By Strained Health Systems And Disruptions İn Services. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/pregnant-mothers-and-babies-born-during-covid-19 pandemic-threatened-strained-health.
  • World Health Organisation (WHO) (2005). The World Health Report Make Every Mother and Child Count. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: http://www.who.int/whr/2005/en/.

Planned Home Births in the Covid-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 129 - 138, 26.08.2022

Öz

Abstract
Since the new coronavirus epidemic began to be seen around the world, the number of pregnant women who prefer home and birth centers has increased, and this has made licensed health professionals more important. Especially during the pandemic process, women have turned to options to give birth outside the hospital. ACOG, on the other hand, accepted that in countries with an integrated health system in this process, birth can be possible at home outside the hospital.
However, in order for home births to be safe, they need to be supported by planned and expert people. Today, planned home birth rates are 10% in the USA, 12.5% in the Netherlands, where home birth is on the list of intangible cultural heritage, and less than 1% in Turkey. Evidence-based studies have indicated that the effects of planned home birth on maternal and newborn may vary. However, planned births at home increase the satisfaction rates because women are more comfortable and act more independently. However, as it can occur in every birth, risks that require urgent management may occur in home births, and home births may become worse than planned hospital births in many countries that do not have integrated obstetric services.
For these reasons, it is important that especially out-of-hospital deliveries are applied to internationally accepted standards. It is accepted that home births take place with women who do not have obstetric risk factors in countries with an integrated health system, accompanied by a midwife/obstetrician who has passed special certification training, in cases where the need for transfer between the hospital and the home can be met when necessary. In this article, how the Covid 19 pandemic process affects birth preferences has been compiled in the light of safety, cost and current research.

Kaynakça

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2020). Planned Home Birth. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: 2020https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee opinion/articles/2017/04/planned-home-birth.
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2019). Australia's Mothers and Babies. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/mothers-babies/australias-mothers-babies/contents/labour-and-birth/place-of-birth.
  • Bayram, G.O. (2009). Kanıta dayalı uygulamalar doğrultusunda alternatif bir doğum yöntemi: evde doğum. 100. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2(3), 99-104.
  • Scarf, V., Rossiter, C., Vedam, S., Dahlen, H. G., Ellwood, D., & Forster, D. (2018). Maternal and perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth among women with low-risk pregnancies in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Midwifery, 62, 240–255.
  • Daviss, B.A., Anderson, D.A., & Johnson, K.C. (2021). Pivoting to childbirth at home or in freestanding birth centers1 in the us during COVID-19: safety, economics and logistics. Frontiers in Sociology, 6 (24).
  • Declercq, E., & Stotland, N. (2021). Planned home birth. Erişim Adresi: //www.uptodate.com/contents/planned-home-birth.
  • Gregory, E.C., Osterman, M.J., & Valenzuela, C.P. (2021). Changes in births to New York City residents occurring outside New York City, by race and Hispanic origin of the mother: 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. National Center for Health Statistics, 13, 1-5.
  • Grünebaum, A., McCullough, L.B., Bornstein, E., Klein, R., Dudenhausen, J.W., & Chervenak, F.A. (2020). Professionally responsible counseling about birth location during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal Of Perinatal Medicine, 48(5), 450-452.
  • Koninklijke Nederlandse Organisatie (KNOV) (2017). Midwifery in the Netherlands. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.knov.nl/serve/file/knov.nl/knov_downloads/526/file/Midwifery_in_The_Netherlands_versie_2017.pdf.
  • Kobayashi, S., Hanada, N., Matsuzaki, M., Takehara, K., Ota, E., Sasaki, H., & Mori, R. (2017). Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, 1-3.
  • International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) (2017). Home Birth Position Statement. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.internationalmidwives.org/assets/files/statement-files/2019/06/eng-home birth14-converted-new-letterhead.pdf.
  • Janssen, P.A., Saxell, L., Page, L.A., Klein, M.C., Liston, R.M., & Lee, S.K. (2009). Outcomes of planned home birth with registered midwife versus planned hospital birth with midwife or physician. Cmaj, 181(6-7), 377-383.
  • National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) (2021). Births: Final Data for 2019. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-tables-508.pdf.
  • Premkumar, A., Cassimatis, I., Berhie, S.H., Jao, J., Cohn, S.E., Sutton, S.H., & Yee, L.M. (2020). Home birth in the era of COVID-19: counseling and preparation for pregnant persons living with HIV. American Journal Of Perinatology, 37(10), 1038-1043.
  • Renfrew, M.J., Cheyne, H., Craig, J., Duff, E., Dykes, F., Hunter, B., & Downe, S. (2020). Sustaining quality midwifery care in a pandemic and beyond. Midwifery, 88, 1-7.
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) (2020). Home Birth. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.rcog.org.uk/search-results/?q=home%20birth.
  • Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Eğitim Ve Sertifikasyon Daire Başkanlığı (2021). Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://shgmesdb.saglik.gov.tr/.
  • Symon, A., Shinwell, S., & Craig, J. (2020). Process lessons from evaluating a combined continuity of carer and home birth scheme. Birth, 47(4), 389-396.
  • United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) (2020). Millions of Pregnant Mothers And Babies Born During COVID-19 Pandemic Threatened By Strained Health Systems And Disruptions İn Services. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/pregnant-mothers-and-babies-born-during-covid-19 pandemic-threatened-strained-health.
  • World Health Organisation (WHO) (2005). The World Health Report Make Every Mother and Child Count. Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2021, Erişim Adresi: http://www.who.int/whr/2005/en/.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Güliz Onat 0000-0002-8744-1831

Büşra Duran 0000-0002-5736-8186

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Onat, G., & Duran, B. (2022). Covid-19 Pandemisinde Planlı Ev Doğumları. KTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 129-138.