Diphtheria, Tetanus & Pertussis Vaccines

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 27 - 32, 08.07.2016

Doç. Dr. Hasan Tezer

Öz

Abstract

The diphtheria exotoxin is being inactivated by formaldehyde to get toxoid formand then combined with aluminum salts to create a vaccine that has improved immunogenicity. Tetanus toxoid helps as a preventative vaccine and it is recommended for people of all ages. There are 2 types of pertussis vaccines, including wholecell vaccine and acellular vaccine. Formerly, wholecell pertussis vaccines were usedall over the world. However, due to the side effects, it was replaced with the acellular pertussis vaccine which has less side effects and more protection. Other thantetanus toxoid (DT), forms such as adult tetanusdiphtheria (Td), tetanus toxoid andacellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP and Tdap) are also available. Pediatric type of vaccine (DT, DTP, DTaP) contains greater amounts of diphtheria toxoid compared toadult type. Contraindications of DPT vaccine are as follows: severe allergic reactions or anaphylaxy against one or more of the vaccine components, or following a previous vaccine dose; encephalopathy within 1 week after the first vaccination whichcan’t be explained with  another reason; CNS disease characterized by changes in consciousness or generalized orfocal seizures for longer than a few hours and not recover in 24 hours, which cant be explained with another reason; the presence of progressive neurological disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertus-sis, Vaccine

Difteri, Tetanoz & Boğmaca Aşıları

Öz

Öz

Difteri ekzotoksinin, formaldehit ile karıştırılıp inaktive edildikten sonra toksoid hale getirilmesi ve alüminyum tuzları ile birleştirilerek immünojenitesi artırılan bir ürün ortaya çıkarılması ile aşı oluşturulur. Tetanoza karsı immünizasyon tetanoztoksoidi ile yapılıp tüm yaşlardaki insanlar için önerilmektedir. Tam hücre aşı ve aselüler aşı olmak üzere 2 tip boğmaca aşısı bulunmaktadır. Önceleri tüm dünyada tamhücreli boğmaca asısı kullanılırken, bu aşının yan etkilerinin fazla olması nedeniyle yan etkileri daha az ve daha etkin olan aselüler boğmaca aşısına geçilmiştir. Tetanoz toksoidi ile birlikte (DT), erişkin tetanozdifteri (Td), tetanoz toksoidi ve aselüler boğmaca aşısı (DTaB ve Tdap) gibi formlarda mevcuttur. Pediatrik tip aşıda (DT,DBT, DTaB) erişkin tip aşıya oranla difteri toksoidi miktarı daha fazladır. DaBT aşısının kontrendike olduğu durumlar ise; aşı komponentlerinden birine veya daha önceki aşı dozlarından sonra ciddi alerjik reaksiyon, anafilaksi gelişmesi, aşıdan sonraki ilk 1 hafta içinde, başka bir nedenle açıklanamayan ensefalopati, bilinç değişikliği ya da birkaç saatten uzun süren ve 24 saatte iyileşmeyen jeneralize ya da foka lkonvülsiyonlarla seyreden, başka bir nedenle açıklanamayan santral sinir sistemi hastalığı olması, ilerleyici nörolojik hastalık varlığı durumlarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Difteri, Tetanoz, Boğmaca, Aşı

Kaynakça

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