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New Insıghts Into the Clinical Approach Anddiagnosis of Alergic Rhınıtıs in Children

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 136 - 144, 15.03.2017

Öz

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is an allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Symptoms can be produced in children sensitized to various allergens. The most common symptoms are sneezing, itchy and watery eyes, swelling and inflammation of the nasal passages and increased mucus production.  This article presents a literature review concerning the clinical approach to the patient with allergic rhinitisand  diagnosis of the disease in children.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynaklar 1.Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P,Khaltaev N. Allergic rhinitis anditsimpact on asthma. J Allergy ClinImmunol 2001;108(Suppl.5):S147–S334.2.International Consensus Report on Diagnosis and Managementof Rhinitis. International Rhinitis Management Working Group.Allergy. 1994;49(Suppl. 19):1–34. 3.Fokkens WJ. Thoughts on the pathophysiology of nonallergic rhi-nitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2002;2:203–209. 4.Lee KS1, Yum HY2, Sheen YH3, Park YM4, Lee YJ5, Choi BS6,Jee HM1, Choi SH7, Kim HH8, Park Y9, Kim HB10, Rha YH11;Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease(KAPARD) Work Group on Rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.2017 Jan;9(1):70-78. 5.Fokkens W, Lund V, Bachert C, Clement P, Helllings P, Holm-strom M, et al. EAACI position paper on rhinosinusitis and na-sal polyps executive summary. Allergy 2005;60:583–601. 6.Scadding GK, Durham SR, Mirakian R, et al. BSACIguidelinesfor the management of allergic and nonallergicrhinitis. BSACIguidelines for the managementof allergic and non-allergic rhi-nitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38:19-42. 7.Van-Cauwenberge P, Bachert C, Passalacqua G, Bousquet J, Ca-nonica G, Durham S, et alConsensus statement on the treatmentof allergic rhinitis. EAACI Positionpaper. Allergy2000;55:116–134. 8.Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruzz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, To-gias A, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organiza-tion, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 2008:63-8-160 9.Tuncer A, Yüksel H. Ulusal Alerji Tanı ve tedavi Rehberi. Ulu-sal Allerji ve İmmunoloji Derneği, 2012 10.Dykewicz MS, Fineman S. Execu- tive summary of Joint Task For-ce Practice Parameters on Diagnosis and Management of Rhi-nitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998;81:463–468. 11.Dykewicz MS. 7. Rhinitis and sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol2003;111(Suppl. 2):S520–S529. 12.van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C, Passalacqua G, Bousquet J, Ca-nonica GW, Durham SR, et al. Consensus statement on the tre-atment of allergic rhinitis. European Academy of Allergology andClinical Immunology. Allergy 2000;55:116–134. 13.Riediker M, Monn C, Koller T, Stahel WA, Wuthrich B. Air pol-lutants enhance rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms in polen allergicindividuals. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001;87:311–318 14.Nascimento Silva M, Naspitz C, Sole D. Evaluation of quality oflife in children and teenagers with allergic rhinitis: adaptationand validation of the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Ques-tionnaire (RQLQ). Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)2001;29:111–118. 15.Juniper EF, Thompson AK, Ferrie PJ, Roberts JN. Validation ofthe standardized version of the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of LifeQuestionnaire. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:364–369. 16.Spector SL, Nicklas RA, Chapman JA, Bernstein IL, Berger WE,BlessingMoore J, et al. Symptom severity assessment of allergicrhinitis: part 1. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003;91:105–114. 17.Clement PA, Gordts F. Consensus report on acoustic rhinometryand rhinomanometry. Rhinology 2005;43:169–179. 18.Ragab SM, Lund VJ, Saleh HA, Scadding G. Nasal nitric oxidein objective evaluation of chronic rhinosinusitis therapy. Allergy2006;61:717–724. 19.Litvyakova LI, Baraniuk JN. Nasal provocation testing: a revi-ew. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001;86:355–364; 20.Moll B, Klimek L, Eggers G, Mann W. Comparison of olfactoryfunction in patients with seasonal and perennial allergic rhini-tis. Allergy 1998;53:297– 301 21.Bousquet PJ, Combescure C, Neu- kirch F, Klossek JM, MechinH, Daures JP, et al. Visual analog scales can assess the severityof rhinitis graded according to ARIA guidelines. Allergy2007;62:367–372 22.Yorgancıoğlu A, Özdemir C, Kalaycı Ö, Kalyoncu AF, BachertC, Baena-Cagnani CE, et al ; WHO Collaborating Center on Asth-ma and Rhinitis.[ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asth-ma) achievements in 10 years and future needs].Tuberk Toraks.2012;60(1):92-7. Review 23.Barnes K, Marsh D. The genetics and complexity of allergy andasthma. Immunol Today 1998;19:325–332. 24.Kurz T, Altmueller J, Strauch K, Ruschendorf F, Heinzmann A,Moatt MF, et al. A genome-wide screen on the genetics of atopyin a multiethnic European population reveals a major atopy lo-cus on chromosome 3q21.3. Allergy 2005;60:192– 199. 25.Strachan DP. Is allergic disease programmed in early life? [edi-torial; comment]. Clin Exp Allergy 1994;24:603–605. 26.von Mutius E, Weiland SK, Frit- zsch C, Duhme H, Keil U. In-creasing prevalence of hay fever and atopy among children in Le-ipzig, East Germany. Lancet 1998;351:862–866. 27.Stazi MA, Sampogna F, Montagano G, Grandolfo ME, Couilli-ot MF, AnnesiMaesano I. Early life factors related to clinical ma-nifestations of atopic disease but not to skinprick test positivityin young children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2002;13:105–112 28.Bjorksten F, Suoniemi I, Koski V. Neonatal birchpollen contactand subsequent allergy to birch pollen. Clin Allergy1980;10:585–591. 29.Tedeschi A, Barcella M, Bo GA, Miadonna A. Onset of allergyand asthma symptoms in extraEuropean immigrants to Milan,Italy: possible role of environmental factors. Clin Exp Allergy2003;33:449–454. 30.Stewart GA, Thompson PJ. The biochemistry of common aero-allergens Clin Exp Allergy 1996;26:1020–1044. 31.Boulet LP, Turcotte H, Laprise C, Lavertu C, Bedard PM, La-voie A, et al. Comparative degree and type of sensitization to com-mon indoor and outdoor allergens in subjects with allergic rhi-nitis and/or asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1997;27:52–59. 32.Braun-Fahrlander C, Wuthrich B, Gassner M, Grize L, Sennhau-ser FH, Varonier HS, et al. Validation of a rhinitis symptom ques-tionnaire (ISAAC core questions) in a popula- tion of Swiss scho-ol children visiting the school health services. SCARPOLteam.Swiss Study on Childhood Allergy and Respiratory Symptom withrespect to Air Pollution and Climate. International Study of Asth-ma and Allergies in Child- hood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol1997;8:75–82. 33.Gergen PJ, Turkeltaub PC. The association of individual aller-gen reactivity with respiratory disease in a national sample: datafrom the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Sur-vey, 1976-80 (NHANES II). J Allergy Clin Immu- nol1992;90:579–588 34.Wan H, Winton HL, Soeller C, Tovey ER, Gruenert DC, Thomp-son PJ, et al. Der p 1 facilitates transepi- thelial allergen deli-very by disruption of tight junctions J Clin Invest1999;104:123–133.3 5.Pichavant M, Charbonnier AS, Taront S, Brichet A, Wallaert B,Pestel J, et al. Asthmatic bronchial epithelium activated by theproteolytic allergen Der p 1 increases selective dendritic cell rec-ruitment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:771–778 36.Lintner TJ, Brame KA. The effects of season, climate, and air-conditioning on the prevalence of Dermatophagoides mite aller-gens in household dust. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;91:862–867. 37.He S1, Mou Z2, Peng L2, Chen J3. Impacts of meteorological andenvironmental factors on allergic rhinitis in children.Int J Bio-meteorol. 2016 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print] 38.Sporik R, Holgate ST, Platts- Mills TA, Cogswell JJ. Exposureto house-dust mite allergen (Der p I) and the development of asth-ma in childhood. A prospective study. N Engl J Med1990;323:502–507. 39.Gordon S. Allergy to furred animals [editorial; comment]. ClinExp Allergy 1997;27:479–481. 40.Luczynska CM, Li Y, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TA. Airborneconcen- trations and particle size distribution of allergen deri-ved from domestic cats (Felis domesticus). Measurements usingcascade impactor, liquid impin- ger, and a two-site monoclonalanti- body assay for Fel d I. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:361–367. 41.Salvaggio J, Seabury J, Schoehardt E. New Orleans asthma: V.Relation- ship between Charity Hospital asthma hospitalizationrates, semiquantitative pollen and fungal spore counts and totalparticulate aerometric sampling data. J Allergy 1971;48:96–105 42.Eggleston PA, Rosenstreich D, Lynn H, Gergen P, Baker D, Kat-tan M, et al. Relationship of indoor allergen exposure to skin testsensitivity in inner-city children with asth- ma. J Allergy Clin Im-munol 1998;102:563–570. 43.Bahna SL, Heiner DC. Cows milk allergy: pathogenesis, mani-festations, diagnosis and management. Adv Pediatr 1978;25:1–37. 44.Miyamoto T. Epidemiology of pollu- tion-induced airway disea-se in Japan. Allergy 1997;52(Suppl. 38):30–34; discussion 5–6 45.Crinnion WJ.Do environmental toxicants contribute to allergy andasthma?Altern Med Rev. 2012 Mar;17(1):6-18 46.Higgins TS, Reh DD.Environmental pollutants and allergic rhinitis.Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012 Jun;20(3):209-14. 47.Keles N, Ilicali C, Deger K. The effects of different levels of airpollution on atopy and symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhi-nol 1999;13:185–190. 48.Martinez FD, Antognoni G, Macri F, Bonci E, Midulla F, De-Cas-tro G, et al. Parental smoking enhances bronchial responsive-ness in nine-year- old children. Am Rev Respir Dis1988;138:518–523 49.Beggs PJ, Bambrick HJ. Is the global rise of asthma an early im-pact of anthropogenic climate change? 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Çocuklarda Alerjik Rinit’te Klinik Bulgular, Tanı ve Ayırıcı Tanı

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 136 - 144, 15.03.2017

Öz

Öz

Alerjik rinit, burun mukozasının alerjik inflamasyonudur. Belirti ve bulgular, çeşitli alerjenlere karşı duyarlanmış olan çocuklarda ortaya çıkar. En sık bulgular hapşırma, gözlerde kaşıntı ve akıntı, burun içinin inflamasyonu ve şişmesi, aşırı mukus yapımıdır. Bu makalede alerjik rinitli hastaya klinik yaklaşım, hastalığın değerlendirilmesi, tanısı ve ayırıcı tanısı konusunda mevcut bilgiler gözden geçirilerek sunulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynaklar 1.Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P,Khaltaev N. Allergic rhinitis anditsimpact on asthma. J Allergy ClinImmunol 2001;108(Suppl.5):S147–S334.2.International Consensus Report on Diagnosis and Managementof Rhinitis. International Rhinitis Management Working Group.Allergy. 1994;49(Suppl. 19):1–34. 3.Fokkens WJ. Thoughts on the pathophysiology of nonallergic rhi-nitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2002;2:203–209. 4.Lee KS1, Yum HY2, Sheen YH3, Park YM4, Lee YJ5, Choi BS6,Jee HM1, Choi SH7, Kim HH8, Park Y9, Kim HB10, Rha YH11;Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease(KAPARD) Work Group on Rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.2017 Jan;9(1):70-78. 5.Fokkens W, Lund V, Bachert C, Clement P, Helllings P, Holm-strom M, et al. EAACI position paper on rhinosinusitis and na-sal polyps executive summary. Allergy 2005;60:583–601. 6.Scadding GK, Durham SR, Mirakian R, et al. BSACIguidelinesfor the management of allergic and nonallergicrhinitis. BSACIguidelines for the managementof allergic and non-allergic rhi-nitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38:19-42. 7.Van-Cauwenberge P, Bachert C, Passalacqua G, Bousquet J, Ca-nonica G, Durham S, et alConsensus statement on the treatmentof allergic rhinitis. EAACI Positionpaper. Allergy2000;55:116–134. 8.Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruzz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, To-gias A, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organiza-tion, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 2008:63-8-160 9.Tuncer A, Yüksel H. Ulusal Alerji Tanı ve tedavi Rehberi. Ulu-sal Allerji ve İmmunoloji Derneği, 2012 10.Dykewicz MS, Fineman S. Execu- tive summary of Joint Task For-ce Practice Parameters on Diagnosis and Management of Rhi-nitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998;81:463–468. 11.Dykewicz MS. 7. Rhinitis and sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol2003;111(Suppl. 2):S520–S529. 12.van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C, Passalacqua G, Bousquet J, Ca-nonica GW, Durham SR, et al. Consensus statement on the tre-atment of allergic rhinitis. European Academy of Allergology andClinical Immunology. Allergy 2000;55:116–134. 13.Riediker M, Monn C, Koller T, Stahel WA, Wuthrich B. Air pol-lutants enhance rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms in polen allergicindividuals. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001;87:311–318 14.Nascimento Silva M, Naspitz C, Sole D. Evaluation of quality oflife in children and teenagers with allergic rhinitis: adaptationand validation of the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Ques-tionnaire (RQLQ). Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)2001;29:111–118. 15.Juniper EF, Thompson AK, Ferrie PJ, Roberts JN. Validation ofthe standardized version of the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of LifeQuestionnaire. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:364–369. 16.Spector SL, Nicklas RA, Chapman JA, Bernstein IL, Berger WE,BlessingMoore J, et al. Symptom severity assessment of allergicrhinitis: part 1. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003;91:105–114. 17.Clement PA, Gordts F. Consensus report on acoustic rhinometryand rhinomanometry. Rhinology 2005;43:169–179. 18.Ragab SM, Lund VJ, Saleh HA, Scadding G. Nasal nitric oxidein objective evaluation of chronic rhinosinusitis therapy. Allergy2006;61:717–724. 19.Litvyakova LI, Baraniuk JN. Nasal provocation testing: a revi-ew. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001;86:355–364; 20.Moll B, Klimek L, Eggers G, Mann W. Comparison of olfactoryfunction in patients with seasonal and perennial allergic rhini-tis. Allergy 1998;53:297– 301 21.Bousquet PJ, Combescure C, Neu- kirch F, Klossek JM, MechinH, Daures JP, et al. Visual analog scales can assess the severityof rhinitis graded according to ARIA guidelines. Allergy2007;62:367–372 22.Yorgancıoğlu A, Özdemir C, Kalaycı Ö, Kalyoncu AF, BachertC, Baena-Cagnani CE, et al ; WHO Collaborating Center on Asth-ma and Rhinitis.[ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asth-ma) achievements in 10 years and future needs].Tuberk Toraks.2012;60(1):92-7. Review 23.Barnes K, Marsh D. The genetics and complexity of allergy andasthma. Immunol Today 1998;19:325–332. 24.Kurz T, Altmueller J, Strauch K, Ruschendorf F, Heinzmann A,Moatt MF, et al. A genome-wide screen on the genetics of atopyin a multiethnic European population reveals a major atopy lo-cus on chromosome 3q21.3. Allergy 2005;60:192– 199. 25.Strachan DP. Is allergic disease programmed in early life? [edi-torial; comment]. Clin Exp Allergy 1994;24:603–605. 26.von Mutius E, Weiland SK, Frit- zsch C, Duhme H, Keil U. In-creasing prevalence of hay fever and atopy among children in Le-ipzig, East Germany. Lancet 1998;351:862–866. 27.Stazi MA, Sampogna F, Montagano G, Grandolfo ME, Couilli-ot MF, AnnesiMaesano I. Early life factors related to clinical ma-nifestations of atopic disease but not to skinprick test positivityin young children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2002;13:105–112 28.Bjorksten F, Suoniemi I, Koski V. Neonatal birchpollen contactand subsequent allergy to birch pollen. Clin Allergy1980;10:585–591. 29.Tedeschi A, Barcella M, Bo GA, Miadonna A. Onset of allergyand asthma symptoms in extraEuropean immigrants to Milan,Italy: possible role of environmental factors. Clin Exp Allergy2003;33:449–454. 30.Stewart GA, Thompson PJ. The biochemistry of common aero-allergens Clin Exp Allergy 1996;26:1020–1044. 31.Boulet LP, Turcotte H, Laprise C, Lavertu C, Bedard PM, La-voie A, et al. Comparative degree and type of sensitization to com-mon indoor and outdoor allergens in subjects with allergic rhi-nitis and/or asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1997;27:52–59. 32.Braun-Fahrlander C, Wuthrich B, Gassner M, Grize L, Sennhau-ser FH, Varonier HS, et al. Validation of a rhinitis symptom ques-tionnaire (ISAAC core questions) in a popula- tion of Swiss scho-ol children visiting the school health services. SCARPOLteam.Swiss Study on Childhood Allergy and Respiratory Symptom withrespect to Air Pollution and Climate. International Study of Asth-ma and Allergies in Child- hood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol1997;8:75–82. 33.Gergen PJ, Turkeltaub PC. The association of individual aller-gen reactivity with respiratory disease in a national sample: datafrom the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Sur-vey, 1976-80 (NHANES II). J Allergy Clin Immu- nol1992;90:579–588 34.Wan H, Winton HL, Soeller C, Tovey ER, Gruenert DC, Thomp-son PJ, et al. Der p 1 facilitates transepi- thelial allergen deli-very by disruption of tight junctions J Clin Invest1999;104:123–133.3 5.Pichavant M, Charbonnier AS, Taront S, Brichet A, Wallaert B,Pestel J, et al. Asthmatic bronchial epithelium activated by theproteolytic allergen Der p 1 increases selective dendritic cell rec-ruitment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:771–778 36.Lintner TJ, Brame KA. The effects of season, climate, and air-conditioning on the prevalence of Dermatophagoides mite aller-gens in household dust. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;91:862–867. 37.He S1, Mou Z2, Peng L2, Chen J3. Impacts of meteorological andenvironmental factors on allergic rhinitis in children.Int J Bio-meteorol. 2016 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print] 38.Sporik R, Holgate ST, Platts- Mills TA, Cogswell JJ. Exposureto house-dust mite allergen (Der p I) and the development of asth-ma in childhood. A prospective study. N Engl J Med1990;323:502–507. 39.Gordon S. Allergy to furred animals [editorial; comment]. ClinExp Allergy 1997;27:479–481. 40.Luczynska CM, Li Y, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TA. Airborneconcen- trations and particle size distribution of allergen deri-ved from domestic cats (Felis domesticus). Measurements usingcascade impactor, liquid impin- ger, and a two-site monoclonalanti- body assay for Fel d I. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:361–367. 41.Salvaggio J, Seabury J, Schoehardt E. New Orleans asthma: V.Relation- ship between Charity Hospital asthma hospitalizationrates, semiquantitative pollen and fungal spore counts and totalparticulate aerometric sampling data. J Allergy 1971;48:96–105 42.Eggleston PA, Rosenstreich D, Lynn H, Gergen P, Baker D, Kat-tan M, et al. Relationship of indoor allergen exposure to skin testsensitivity in inner-city children with asth- ma. J Allergy Clin Im-munol 1998;102:563–570. 43.Bahna SL, Heiner DC. Cows milk allergy: pathogenesis, mani-festations, diagnosis and management. Adv Pediatr 1978;25:1–37. 44.Miyamoto T. Epidemiology of pollu- tion-induced airway disea-se in Japan. Allergy 1997;52(Suppl. 38):30–34; discussion 5–6 45.Crinnion WJ.Do environmental toxicants contribute to allergy andasthma?Altern Med Rev. 2012 Mar;17(1):6-18 46.Higgins TS, Reh DD.Environmental pollutants and allergic rhinitis.Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012 Jun;20(3):209-14. 47.Keles N, Ilicali C, Deger K. The effects of different levels of airpollution on atopy and symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhi-nol 1999;13:185–190. 48.Martinez FD, Antognoni G, Macri F, Bonci E, Midulla F, De-Cas-tro G, et al. Parental smoking enhances bronchial responsive-ness in nine-year- old children. Am Rev Respir Dis1988;138:518–523 49.Beggs PJ, Bambrick HJ. Is the global rise of asthma an early im-pact of anthropogenic climate change? 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Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm makale
Yazarlar

Prof. Dr. Nermin Güler

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Güler, P. D. N. (2017). Çocuklarda Alerjik Rinit’te Klinik Bulgular, Tanı ve Ayırıcı Tanı. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, 9(2), 136-144.
AMA Güler PDN. Çocuklarda Alerjik Rinit’te Klinik Bulgular, Tanı ve Ayırıcı Tanı. Pediatri. Mart 2017;9(2):136-144.
Chicago Güler, Prof. Dr. Nermin. “Çocuklarda Alerjik Rinit’te Klinik Bulgular, Tanı Ve Ayırıcı Tanı”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 9, sy. 2 (Mart 2017): 136-44.
EndNote Güler PDN (01 Mart 2017) Çocuklarda Alerjik Rinit’te Klinik Bulgular, Tanı ve Ayırıcı Tanı. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 9 2 136–144.
IEEE P. D. N. Güler, “Çocuklarda Alerjik Rinit’te Klinik Bulgular, Tanı ve Ayırıcı Tanı”, Pediatri, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 136–144, 2017.
ISNAD Güler, Prof. Dr. Nermin. “Çocuklarda Alerjik Rinit’te Klinik Bulgular, Tanı Ve Ayırıcı Tanı”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 9/2 (Mart 2017), 136-144.
JAMA Güler PDN. Çocuklarda Alerjik Rinit’te Klinik Bulgular, Tanı ve Ayırıcı Tanı. Pediatri. 2017;9:136–144.
MLA Güler, Prof. Dr. Nermin. “Çocuklarda Alerjik Rinit’te Klinik Bulgular, Tanı Ve Ayırıcı Tanı”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, 2017, ss. 136-44.
Vancouver Güler PDN. Çocuklarda Alerjik Rinit’te Klinik Bulgular, Tanı ve Ayırıcı Tanı. Pediatri. 2017;9(2):136-44.