Complementary Feeding

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 7 - 16, 21.01.2018

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Banu Yazıcı

Öz

Abstract

Complementary feeding is the supply of nutrients other than mother's milk or formula food to meet the nutritional requirements in the period. In other words, intake new nutrients suitable for the baby's age and development stages, nutrient diversity, providing balanced andadequate nutrition is to become selfsustaining. It is alsoreferred to as nutrient. In the second group is examined,specially prepared transitional foods for the dairy childand family meals consumed together. At the appropriate time, the appropriate complementary nutrition initiated by the baby ensures that the baby is able to consumefood at the age of one. For the first 6 months after birth, breast milk alone meets baby's energy and nutritional needs. However, after 6 months, the mother's milk cannotmeet the needs of the baby. For this reason, supplementation should be started in addition to the breastmilk after 6th month. When starting to supplement, the impor-tant thing is to start as soon as possible and be organizedas a meal that will be suitable for the baby's age, given the amount and type of food given, the food content mustmeet energy, protein, fat and micronutrient requirements, be reliable, clean and hygienic conditions prepared and enjoyed by the baby. Only breast feeders are recommended for babies as early as 4 months (17 weeks, beginning of the 5th month) and 6 months (26th week, beginning of the 7th month). Complementary feeding (allsolid or liquid food except breast milk or formula) should not be started after 4th or 5th month. Beginning in vegetable roots using all green vegetables, including bittertastes, prepared in various flavors and shapes, can be tried as an intermediate step in the transition to solid food.Complementary foods should be used between 4 and 6months for introduction, never main course. An increa-se in the amount of complementary food can reduce theamount of breastfeeding. Honey and cow milk are not recommended before 1 year old. Allergen foods should not be tasted 4 monthsago, it is suggested that foods with high allergy risk, es-pecially nuts and egg should be given between 4 and 11months under the control of allergy specialists. Gluten-containing foods can be started between 4 and 12months, but it is recommended that gluten content is notgiven in the first weeks. Starting glutenin 4th before theonset increases celiac risk. As the content of iron in themother's milk decreases, the nutritional content of the supp-lemental food should be supplemented with iron-containing foods or meat. Vegan diets can only be administered under the supervision of specialists and dietitians. Sugar and salt should not be added at all. Fruit juices or sugar-sweetened beverages should be avoided. The time ofthe family should adjust to the hunger and satiety of their parents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Breastfeeding, infant, complementary feeding

Tamamlayıcı Beslenme

Öz

Öz

Tamamlayıcı beslenme tek başına anne sütünün yetmediği dönemde besinsel gereksinimleri karşılamak için anne sütü ile birlikte anne sütü veya formül mama dışında gıdaların verilmesidir. Bir başka deyişle, emzirilen bebeğin yaşına ve gelişim basamaklarına uygun yeni besin maddelerini alması, besin madde çeşitliliği, dengeli ve yeterli beslenmenin sağlanması, kendi kendini besleyebilir hale gelmesi demektir. Ek besin olarak da adlandırılır. İki grupta incelenir; sütçocuğu için özel hazırlanmış geçiş besinleri ve birlikte tükettiği aile yemekleri. Uygun zamanda başlatılan veuygun şekilde verilen tamamlayıcı beslenme bebeğin bir yaşında aile sofrasında yiyecekleri tüketebilecek olgunluğa ulaşmasını sağlamaktadır. Doğumdan itibaren ilk 6 ay anne sütü tek başına bebeğin enerji ve besin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaktadır. Ancak 6 aydan sonra anne sütü bebeğin gereksinimlerini karşılayamamaktadır. Bu nedenle 6.aydan sonra anne sütüne ek olarak tamamlayıcı beslenmeye başlanmalıdır.Tamamlayıcı beslenmeye başlarken önemli olan uygun zamanda başlanmalı, miktarı ve verilme şekli bebeğin yaşına uygun seçilmeli, besin içeriği enerji, protein, yağ ve mikrobesin gereksinimini karşılayabilmeli, güvenilir olmalı, temiz ve hijyenik koşullarda hazırlanmalı ve bebeğin keyif alacağı bir öğünü olarak düzenlenmelidir. Sadece anne sütü alanlar bebeklerde en erken 4 ay (17 hafta, 5.ayın başlangıcı) ve 6 ay(26.hafta, 7.ayın başlangıcı) olarak önerilmektedir. Tamamlayıcı gıdanın (anne sütüveya formül mama hariç tüm katı veya sıvı gıda) 4.aydan önce veya 6.aydan sonrabaşlanmaması gerekmektedir. Besin seçiminin ise çeşitli tat ve şekillerde hazırlanmalı, acımtırak tatlar dahil tüm yeşil sebzeler kullanılarak sebze püresi şeklinde başlanması bebeğin katı gıdaya geçişinde ara basamak olarak denenebilir. Tamamlayıcı gıdalar 4 ile 6 ay arasında ise tanıştırma amaçlı kullanılmalı, asla ana öğün olmamalıdır. Tamamlayıcı gıda miktarının artması anne sütü verilme miktarını azaltabilir. Bal ve inek sütü 1 yaşından önce önerilmemektedir. Alerjen gıdalar ise 4 aydanönce tattırılmamalıdır. Yüksek alerji riski olan gıdaların özellikle fıstığın, yumurtanın alerji uzmanlarının kontrolü altında 4 ile 11 ay arasında verilmesi önerilmektedir. Gluten içeren gıdalar 4 ve 12. ay arasında başlanabilir, ancak ilk haftalarında glu-ten içeriğinin fazla miktarda verilmemesi önerilmektedir. Glutenin 4.aydan önce başanması Çölyak riskini arttırmaktadır. Anne sütündeki de-mir içeriği azaldığından tamamlayıcı gıdanın besin içeriği demir içerikli gıdalarla veya etle desteklenmelidir. Vegan diyetler sadece uzmanlar ve diyetisyenler kontrolünde uygulanabilir. Şeker ve tuz kesinlikle eklenmemelidir.Meyve suları ve şekerli gıdalarda uzak durulmalıdır. Beslenme zamanını aileler bebeklerinin açlık ve tokluk durumuna göre ayarlamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anne sütü, sütçocuğu, tamamlayıcı beslenme

Kaynakça

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