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Influenza In Chıldhood: Complıcatıons and Preventıon

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 6, 22 - 27, 15.11.2018

Öz

Abstract

Seasonal influenza is an upper airway infection of influenza viruses and causes millions of people to get sick with epidemic every winter months in northern hemisphere. Children are an important factor in disseminating of the infection. Children havehigher rates of visits to doctors, hospitalizations and it can lead to high rates of school absenteeism and lost days of work among parents and others in contact with children. There is a substantial burden associated with influenza in children less than 5 years of age. Beyond disease burden, it may also cause death in some percentage not onlyamong children with known risk factors but also among healthy children. The only well-known protection is to be vaccinated against influenza. In this manuscript, clinical presentation, complications of and protection from influenza has been reviewed.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynaklar 1.Gasparani R. Clinical and socioeconomic impact of seasonaland pandemik influenza in adults and elderly. Human vacci-nes and Immunotherapeutics 2012; 8: 21-28. 2.Neuzil KM, Hohbein C, Zhu Y. Illness among school childrenduring influenza season. Effect on school absteeism, paren-tal absteeism form work and secondary illness in families. ArchPediatr Adolesc Med 2002: 156: 986-91. 3.Cohen JM, Errieau G. Ouvrage collectif dirige par le docte-urs. Gribin Tuzakları. Çev Ed: Selim Badur. Genişletilmiş 2.Baskı. Bil-medya grup-Merajans Ltd Şti, İstanbul, 2012. 4.World Health Organisation. İnfluenza virus infections in hu-mans. (February 2014). http://www.who.int/influenza/hu-man_ animal_interface/virology_laboratories_and_vaccines/in-fluenza_virus_infections_humans_feb14.pdf?ua=1 5.Cowling BJ, Chan KH, Fang VJ, et al. Comparative epidemio-logy of pandemic and seasonal influenza A in households. NEngl J Med 2010; 362: 2175-84, DOI: 10.1056/NEJ-Moa0911530 6.Mughini-Gras L, Pijnacker R, Enserink R, Heusinkveld M, vander Hoek W, van Pelt W. Influenza-like illness in households withchildren of preschool age. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2016; 35: 242-48. 7.Treanor JT. Influenza viruses, including Avian influenza andswine influenza. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Prin-ciples and Practice of Infectious Diseases,7th ed. Philadelp-hia: Churchill Livingstone, 2010: 2274. 8.World Health Organisation. Influenza virus infections in hu-mans. (February 2014). http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/virology_laboratories_and_vaccines/influenza_virus_infections_humans_feb14.pdf?ua=1 9.Carrat F, Vergu E, Ferguson NM, et al. Time lines of infec-tion and disease in human influenza: a review of volunteer chal-lenge studies. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167: 775–85. 10.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Clinicalsigns and symptoms of influenza. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/pro-fessionals/diagnosis/index.htm 02.06.2014 tarihinde erişildi 11.Punpanich W, Chotpitayasunondh T. A review on the clinicalspectrum and natural history of human influenza. Int J InfectDis 2012; 16: e714-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.1025. 12.WHO. Influenza Vaccine use. http://www.who.int/influenza/vac-cines/use/en/. 13.van Zwol A, Witteveen R, Markhorst D, Geukers VG. Clini-cal features of a Dutch cohort of critically ill children due tothe 2009 new influenza A H1N1 pandemic. Clin Pediatr (Phi-la) 2011; 50: 69–72. 14.Bagdure D, Curtis DJ, Dobyns E, Glode MP, Dominguez SR.Hospitalized children with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1): comparison to seasonal influenza and risk factors foradmission to the ICU. PLoS One 2010; 5: e15173. 15.Wong KK, Jain S, Blanton L, et al. Influenza associated pe-diatric deaths in the United States 2004-2012. Pediatrics 2013;132: 769-804. 16.Chaves SS, Aragon D, Bennett N. The burden of influenza hos-pitalizations in infants from 2003 to 2012, United States. Pe-diatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33: 912-19. 17.Short KR, Reading PC, Brown LE, et al. Influenza-induced in-flammation drives pneumococcal otitis media. Infect Immun 2013;81: 645-52. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01278-12. Epub 2013 Jan 14. 18.Herold S, Becker C, Ridge KM, Budinger GR. Influenza vi-rus-induced lung injury: pathogenesis and implications for tre-atment. Eur Respir J 2015; 45: 1463-78. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00186214. Epub 2015 Mar 18. 19.Stockmann C, Ampofo K, Hersh AL, et al. Seasonality of acu-te otitis media and the role of respiratory viral activity in child-ren. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32: 314-19. doi: 10.1097/ INF.0b013e31827d104e. 20.Ambrose CS, Antonova EN. The healthcare and societal bur-den associated with influenza in vaccinated and unvaccina-ted European and Israeli children. Eur J Clin Microbiol In-fect Dis 2014; 33: 569-75. doi: 10.1007/s10096-013-1986-6.Epub 2013 Oct 4. 21.Chonmaitree T, Alvarez-Fernandez P, Jennings K, et al.Symptomatic and asymptomatic respiratory viral infections inthe first year of life: association with acute otitis media de-velopment. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60: 1-9. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu714. Epub 2014 Sep 9. 22.Guan WD, Gong XY, Mok CK, et al. Surveillance for seaso-nal influenza virus prevalence in hospitalized children withlower respiratory tract infection in Guangzhou, China duringthe post-pandemic era. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0120983. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120983. eCollection 2015. 23.Haas J, Braun S, Wutzler P. Burden of influenza in Germany:a retrospective claims database analysis for the influenza sea-son 2012/2013. Eur J Health Econ 2016; 17: 669-79. 24.Kwon JM, Shim JW, Kim DS, et al. Prevalence of respiratoryviral infection in children hospitalized for acute lower respi-ratory tract diseases, and association of rhinovirus and influ-enza virus with asthma exacerbations. Korean J Pediatr 2014;57: 29-34. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2014.57.1.29. Epub 2014 Jan 31. 25.Kitcharoen S, Pattapongsin M, Sawanyawisuth K, Angela V,Tiamkao S. Neurologic manifestations of pandemic (H1N1)2009 virus infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16: 569–70. 26.Calderaro D, dos Santos S, Tonacio AC, et al. Acute myocar-ditis in H1N1 influenza A virus infection. Rev Assoc Med Bras2010; 56:394. 27.World Health Organisation. Influenza: Patient care.http://www.who.int/influenza/patient_care/en/ 29 Mayıs 2014tarihinde erişildi.28.Micheilis B. Clinical prediction rules combining signs,symptoms and epidemiological context to distinguish influen-za from influenza-like illnesses in primary care: a cross sec-tional study. BMC Fam Pract 2011; 12: 4. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-12-4 29.Gren LH. Point-of-Care Testing as an Influenza Surveillan-ce Tool: Methodology and Lessons Learned from Implemen-tation. Influenza Research and Treatment Volume 2013, Ar-ticle ID 242970, 10 page http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/242970 30.Tanei M, Yokokawa H, Murai K, et al. Factors influencing thediagnostic accuracy of the rapid influenza antigen detectiontest (RIADT): a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e003885. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003885 31.Nitsch-Osuch A. Influence of rapid influenza test on clinicalmanagement of children younger than five with febrile respi-ratory tract infections. Adv Exp Med Biol 2013; 755: 237-41. 32.Vasquez RD, Chavez VM, Gamio IE, et al. Probable verticaltransmission of the influenza virus A (H1N1): apropos of a case.Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2010; 27: 466–69. 33.Manzoli l, Schioppa F, Bocci A, Villari P. The efficacy of in-fluenza vaccine for healthy children: a meta-analysis evalua-ting potential sources of variation in efficacy estimates inclu-ding study quality. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26: 97-106. 34.Heiononen S, Silvennoinen H, Lehtinen P, et al. Effectivenessof inactivated influenza vaccine in children aged 9 months to3 years: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11: 23-29. 35.Blyth CC, Jacoby P, Effler PV, et al, and WAIVE Study Team.Influenza vaccine effectiveness and uptake in children at riskof severe disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2016; 35: 309-15. 36-Ohmit SE, Petrie JG, Malosh RE, et al. Influenza vaccine ef-fectiveness in households with children during the 2013-2014influenza season, when 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)virus predominated. J Infect Dis 2015; 2 (Suppl 1): pii: jiv563. 37-Belse BB, Edwards KM, Vesikari T, et al. Live attenuated ver-sus inactivated influenza vaccine in infants and young child-ren. N Eng J Med 2007; 356: 385-96. 38.Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC). Preven-ting Seasonal Flu With Vaccination. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/index.htm 39.Yang HJ. Safety of influenza vaccination in children with al-lergic diseases. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2015; 4: 137-44. doi:10.7774/cevr.2015.4.2.137. Epub 2015 Jul 29. 40.Rusmil K, Gunardi H, Fadlyana E, et al. The immunogenicity, sa-fety, and consistency of an Indonesia combined DTP-HB-Hib vac-cine in expanded program on immunization schedule. BMC Pe-diatr 2015; 15: 219. doi: 10.1186/s12887-015-0525-2. 41.Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, et al. Physical interven-tions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 6;(7):CD006207 42.Zayas G, Chiang MC, Wong E, et al. Effectiveness of coughetiquette maneuvers in disrupting the chain of transmissionof infectious respiratory diseases. BMC Public Health 2013;13: 811. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-811 43.Golovyan DM, Mosad SF. Prevention and treatment of influ-enza in the primary care Office. Cleveland Clin J Med 2014;81: 189-99. 44.American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Di-seases. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infec-tious Diseases. Pediatrics 2008; 121 (4): e1016-31. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0160.

Çocuklarda Grip, Komplikasyonları ve Korunma

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 6, 22 - 27, 15.11.2018

Öz

Öz

Mevsimsel grip, influenza viruslarının neden olduğu bir üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonudur ve her sene kış aylarında mevsimsel salgın yaparak milyonlarca kişinin hastalanmasına neden olur. Çocuklar, salgın yayılmasında önemli bir yere sahiptir.Çocukların doktor başvuruları ve hastane yatışları erişkinlere göre daha fazladır ve mevsimsel grip yüksek oranda okul günü kayıplarına, ebeveynlerin ve temas ettikleri kişilerin günü kayıplarına neden olur. 5 yaş altındaki çocuklar hastalık yükünün önemli bir kısmını oluşturur. Hastalık yükünün yanı sıra risk faktörleri olan çocuklar kadar sağlıklı çocuklarda da belli bir miktarda mortaliteye sahiptir. Bilinen en etkin korunma influenzaya karşı aşılanmalıdır. Bu derlemede çocuklarda gribin seyri, komplikasyonları ve korunma yolları irdelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynaklar 1.Gasparani R. Clinical and socioeconomic impact of seasonaland pandemik influenza in adults and elderly. Human vacci-nes and Immunotherapeutics 2012; 8: 21-28. 2.Neuzil KM, Hohbein C, Zhu Y. Illness among school childrenduring influenza season. Effect on school absteeism, paren-tal absteeism form work and secondary illness in families. ArchPediatr Adolesc Med 2002: 156: 986-91. 3.Cohen JM, Errieau G. Ouvrage collectif dirige par le docte-urs. Gribin Tuzakları. Çev Ed: Selim Badur. Genişletilmiş 2.Baskı. Bil-medya grup-Merajans Ltd Şti, İstanbul, 2012. 4.World Health Organisation. İnfluenza virus infections in hu-mans. (February 2014). http://www.who.int/influenza/hu-man_ animal_interface/virology_laboratories_and_vaccines/in-fluenza_virus_infections_humans_feb14.pdf?ua=1 5.Cowling BJ, Chan KH, Fang VJ, et al. Comparative epidemio-logy of pandemic and seasonal influenza A in households. NEngl J Med 2010; 362: 2175-84, DOI: 10.1056/NEJ-Moa0911530 6.Mughini-Gras L, Pijnacker R, Enserink R, Heusinkveld M, vander Hoek W, van Pelt W. Influenza-like illness in households withchildren of preschool age. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2016; 35: 242-48. 7.Treanor JT. Influenza viruses, including Avian influenza andswine influenza. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Prin-ciples and Practice of Infectious Diseases,7th ed. Philadelp-hia: Churchill Livingstone, 2010: 2274. 8.World Health Organisation. Influenza virus infections in hu-mans. (February 2014). http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/virology_laboratories_and_vaccines/influenza_virus_infections_humans_feb14.pdf?ua=1 9.Carrat F, Vergu E, Ferguson NM, et al. Time lines of infec-tion and disease in human influenza: a review of volunteer chal-lenge studies. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167: 775–85. 10.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Clinicalsigns and symptoms of influenza. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/pro-fessionals/diagnosis/index.htm 02.06.2014 tarihinde erişildi 11.Punpanich W, Chotpitayasunondh T. A review on the clinicalspectrum and natural history of human influenza. Int J InfectDis 2012; 16: e714-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.1025. 12.WHO. Influenza Vaccine use. http://www.who.int/influenza/vac-cines/use/en/. 13.van Zwol A, Witteveen R, Markhorst D, Geukers VG. Clini-cal features of a Dutch cohort of critically ill children due tothe 2009 new influenza A H1N1 pandemic. Clin Pediatr (Phi-la) 2011; 50: 69–72. 14.Bagdure D, Curtis DJ, Dobyns E, Glode MP, Dominguez SR.Hospitalized children with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1): comparison to seasonal influenza and risk factors foradmission to the ICU. PLoS One 2010; 5: e15173. 15.Wong KK, Jain S, Blanton L, et al. Influenza associated pe-diatric deaths in the United States 2004-2012. Pediatrics 2013;132: 769-804. 16.Chaves SS, Aragon D, Bennett N. The burden of influenza hos-pitalizations in infants from 2003 to 2012, United States. Pe-diatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33: 912-19. 17.Short KR, Reading PC, Brown LE, et al. Influenza-induced in-flammation drives pneumococcal otitis media. Infect Immun 2013;81: 645-52. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01278-12. Epub 2013 Jan 14. 18.Herold S, Becker C, Ridge KM, Budinger GR. Influenza vi-rus-induced lung injury: pathogenesis and implications for tre-atment. Eur Respir J 2015; 45: 1463-78. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00186214. Epub 2015 Mar 18. 19.Stockmann C, Ampofo K, Hersh AL, et al. Seasonality of acu-te otitis media and the role of respiratory viral activity in child-ren. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32: 314-19. doi: 10.1097/ INF.0b013e31827d104e. 20.Ambrose CS, Antonova EN. The healthcare and societal bur-den associated with influenza in vaccinated and unvaccina-ted European and Israeli children. Eur J Clin Microbiol In-fect Dis 2014; 33: 569-75. doi: 10.1007/s10096-013-1986-6.Epub 2013 Oct 4. 21.Chonmaitree T, Alvarez-Fernandez P, Jennings K, et al.Symptomatic and asymptomatic respiratory viral infections inthe first year of life: association with acute otitis media de-velopment. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60: 1-9. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu714. Epub 2014 Sep 9. 22.Guan WD, Gong XY, Mok CK, et al. Surveillance for seaso-nal influenza virus prevalence in hospitalized children withlower respiratory tract infection in Guangzhou, China duringthe post-pandemic era. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0120983. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120983. eCollection 2015. 23.Haas J, Braun S, Wutzler P. Burden of influenza in Germany:a retrospective claims database analysis for the influenza sea-son 2012/2013. Eur J Health Econ 2016; 17: 669-79. 24.Kwon JM, Shim JW, Kim DS, et al. Prevalence of respiratoryviral infection in children hospitalized for acute lower respi-ratory tract diseases, and association of rhinovirus and influ-enza virus with asthma exacerbations. Korean J Pediatr 2014;57: 29-34. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2014.57.1.29. Epub 2014 Jan 31. 25.Kitcharoen S, Pattapongsin M, Sawanyawisuth K, Angela V,Tiamkao S. Neurologic manifestations of pandemic (H1N1)2009 virus infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16: 569–70. 26.Calderaro D, dos Santos S, Tonacio AC, et al. Acute myocar-ditis in H1N1 influenza A virus infection. Rev Assoc Med Bras2010; 56:394. 27.World Health Organisation. Influenza: Patient care.http://www.who.int/influenza/patient_care/en/ 29 Mayıs 2014tarihinde erişildi.28.Micheilis B. Clinical prediction rules combining signs,symptoms and epidemiological context to distinguish influen-za from influenza-like illnesses in primary care: a cross sec-tional study. BMC Fam Pract 2011; 12: 4. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-12-4 29.Gren LH. Point-of-Care Testing as an Influenza Surveillan-ce Tool: Methodology and Lessons Learned from Implemen-tation. Influenza Research and Treatment Volume 2013, Ar-ticle ID 242970, 10 page http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/242970 30.Tanei M, Yokokawa H, Murai K, et al. Factors influencing thediagnostic accuracy of the rapid influenza antigen detectiontest (RIADT): a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e003885. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003885 31.Nitsch-Osuch A. Influence of rapid influenza test on clinicalmanagement of children younger than five with febrile respi-ratory tract infections. Adv Exp Med Biol 2013; 755: 237-41. 32.Vasquez RD, Chavez VM, Gamio IE, et al. Probable verticaltransmission of the influenza virus A (H1N1): apropos of a case.Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2010; 27: 466–69. 33.Manzoli l, Schioppa F, Bocci A, Villari P. The efficacy of in-fluenza vaccine for healthy children: a meta-analysis evalua-ting potential sources of variation in efficacy estimates inclu-ding study quality. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26: 97-106. 34.Heiononen S, Silvennoinen H, Lehtinen P, et al. Effectivenessof inactivated influenza vaccine in children aged 9 months to3 years: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11: 23-29. 35.Blyth CC, Jacoby P, Effler PV, et al, and WAIVE Study Team.Influenza vaccine effectiveness and uptake in children at riskof severe disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2016; 35: 309-15. 36-Ohmit SE, Petrie JG, Malosh RE, et al. Influenza vaccine ef-fectiveness in households with children during the 2013-2014influenza season, when 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)virus predominated. J Infect Dis 2015; 2 (Suppl 1): pii: jiv563. 37-Belse BB, Edwards KM, Vesikari T, et al. Live attenuated ver-sus inactivated influenza vaccine in infants and young child-ren. N Eng J Med 2007; 356: 385-96. 38.Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC). Preven-ting Seasonal Flu With Vaccination. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/index.htm 39.Yang HJ. Safety of influenza vaccination in children with al-lergic diseases. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2015; 4: 137-44. doi:10.7774/cevr.2015.4.2.137. Epub 2015 Jul 29. 40.Rusmil K, Gunardi H, Fadlyana E, et al. The immunogenicity, sa-fety, and consistency of an Indonesia combined DTP-HB-Hib vac-cine in expanded program on immunization schedule. BMC Pe-diatr 2015; 15: 219. doi: 10.1186/s12887-015-0525-2. 41.Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, et al. Physical interven-tions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 6;(7):CD006207 42.Zayas G, Chiang MC, Wong E, et al. Effectiveness of coughetiquette maneuvers in disrupting the chain of transmissionof infectious respiratory diseases. BMC Public Health 2013;13: 811. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-811 43.Golovyan DM, Mosad SF. Prevention and treatment of influ-enza in the primary care Office. Cleveland Clin J Med 2014;81: 189-99. 44.American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Di-seases. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infec-tious Diseases. Pediatrics 2008; 121 (4): e1016-31. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0160.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm makale
Yazarlar

Doç. Dr. Hülya Akan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Kasım 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Akan, D. D. H. (2018). Çocuklarda Grip, Komplikasyonları ve Korunma. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, 10(6), 22-27.
AMA Akan DDH. Çocuklarda Grip, Komplikasyonları ve Korunma. Pediatri. Kasım 2018;10(6):22-27.
Chicago Akan, Doç. Dr. Hülya. “Çocuklarda Grip, Komplikasyonları Ve Korunma”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 10, sy. 6 (Kasım 2018): 22-27.
EndNote Akan DDH (01 Kasım 2018) Çocuklarda Grip, Komplikasyonları ve Korunma. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 10 6 22–27.
IEEE D. D. H. Akan, “Çocuklarda Grip, Komplikasyonları ve Korunma”, Pediatri, c. 10, sy. 6, ss. 22–27, 2018.
ISNAD Akan, Doç. Dr. Hülya. “Çocuklarda Grip, Komplikasyonları Ve Korunma”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi 10/6 (Kasım 2018), 22-27.
JAMA Akan DDH. Çocuklarda Grip, Komplikasyonları ve Korunma. Pediatri. 2018;10:22–27.
MLA Akan, Doç. Dr. Hülya. “Çocuklarda Grip, Komplikasyonları Ve Korunma”. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 6, 2018, ss. 22-27.
Vancouver Akan DDH. Çocuklarda Grip, Komplikasyonları ve Korunma. Pediatri. 2018;10(6):22-7.