Factors Affectıng The Appetıte-Satıety Metabolısm

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 22 - 28, 10.01.2019

Doç. Dr. Nihal Büyükuslu

Öz

Abstract

Balance between appetite and satiety is important for the weight control and diet of individuals. Appetite is defined deliberately a desire against food and is regulated by gastrointestinal and central systems such as pancreas, and adrenal glands and nervous system. The desire to eat is influenced by psychological factors as well asphysical factors. Especially the children who reject proper food in take may have eating disorders in future. One of the basic conditions of being alive is to meet the energy needs. People, like many other species, they meet the energy needs through foods. Energy intake is influenced by appetite enhancer (oroxigenic) and appetite suppressants (anorexigenic) factors. Appetite control is a function of the hypothalamus of the brain. The signals released from gout, pancreas and adipose tissue are transmitted to the hypothalamus. In the hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and ventromedyal hypothalamus (VHM)  act as the hunger and the satiety centers respectively. Loss of sensitivity to the hormones and their metabolites in these regions cause the loss of balance between the energy intake and expenditure, and consequently result in hipophagia and weight loss or obesity and weight gain. In this review article, the effects of hormones and metabolites which suppress the appetite and trigger eating were evaluated based on theliterature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Appettite, satiety, peripheralfactors, neural factors

İştah-Doygunluk Metabolizmasını Etkileyen Faktörler

Öz

Öz

İştah ve doygunluk arasındaki denge, bireylerin beslenmesinde ve ağırlık denetimlerinde önemlidir. Besinlere karşı duyulan bilinçli istek olarak tanımlanan iştah, sindirim sistemi ve merkezi sinir sistemi başta olmak üzere pankreas ve adrenal bezleri tarafından kontrol edilir. Yemek yeme isteği, fiziksel olduğu kadar psikolojik faktörlerden de etkilenir. Özellikle çocuklarda görülen iştahsızlık, ileriye dönük beslenme bozuklukları ile sonuçlanabilir. Canlı olmanın temel koşullarından biri, enerji gereksiniminin karşılanmasıdır. İnsanlar, diğer birçok türler gibi, enerji gereksinimini besinler yoluyla karşılarlar. Enerji alımı, iştah artırıcı (oroksijenik) ve iştah azaltıcı (anoreksijenik) faktörlerden etkilenir. İştah kontrolü beyinde hipotalamus kısmının bir fonk-siyonudur. Gut, pankreas ve adipoz dokudan salınan sinyaller hipotalamusa iletilir. Hipotalamusta lateral hipotalamik alan (LHA) açlık, ventromedyal hipotalamus (VHM)ise tokluk merkezi olarak davranır. Bu bölgelerde hormon ve metabolitlere duyarlılığın kaybı, enerji alımı ve kullanılmasında dengenin bozulmasına, ve buna bağlı olarakhipofaji ve zayıflama veya kilo artışı ve obezite gelişmesine neden olur. Bu derleme makalede iştahı baskılayan ve yemeyi tetikleyen hormonlar ve metabolitlerin, iştah ve tokluk üzerine etkileri literatüre dayalı değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İştah, tokluk, periferal faktörler

Kaynakça

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