Astımı Rahatsız Edici ve Riski Azaltıcı Güncel Tedavi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 57 - 65, 01.04.2020

Özlem Cavkaytar

Öz

Astım, çoğunlukla çocukluk döneminde ortaya çıkan, alevlenmelere ya da persistan
semptomlara neden olan kompleks, kronik inflamatuar bir alt solunum yolu
hastalığıdır. Son yıllarda astım tedavisinde “kontrol” kavramı ön plana çıkmıştır, bu
kavram ile astımın hem farmakoterapi hem de diğer stratejik önlemlerin alınmasıyla
tüm yönleriyle kontrol altına alınması hedeflenmektedir. Astımda farmakoterapi
rahatlatıcı tedavi, kontrol edici tedavi ve ağır astımı olan hastalarda ek tedaviler olmak
üzere üçe ayrılmaktadır. Kontrol edici astım tedavisi ile havayolundaki inflamasyonun
azaltılması, semptomların kontrol altına alınması, gelecek için astım ilişkili
atak riskinin ve rahatlatıcı ilaç kullanım oranlarının azaltılması hedeflenir. Günümüzde
bir yandan ağır astım tedavisi için çok yönlü araştırılmalar yapılıp yeni ek
tedaviler geliştirilirken, diğer yandan intermittan ya da hafif persistan astımı olan hastalar
için gerektiğinde ya düzenli olarak kullanılacak farklı tedavi şekillerinin etkinliği
ve güvenilirliği araştırılmaktadır. Astım hastalığında patofizyolojideki heterojeniteden
dolayı gelecekte herbir basamaktaki tedavi yanıtını belirleyecek diğer klinik,
laboratuvar ve genetik belirteçlerin keşfi yol gösterici olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ASTIM, çocuk, tedavi, kontrol, risk

Kaynakça

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