A Review of Problem and Pathological Gambling in North Cyprus

Yıl 2019, , 123 - 128, 10.08.2019

Mehmet Çakıcı , Ebru Çakıcı , Meryem Karaaziz , Asra Babayiğit

https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.19.1.15

Öz

This review article discusses the prevalence and
causes of the problem and pathological gambling in North Cyprus. In Northern
Cyprus, pathological gambling is spreading very rapidly. The prevalence of
gambling cannot be explained by the widespread use of casinos. In some
countries, gambling prevalence may stop if adaptation to gambling occurs. There
are many factors affecting the prevalence of gambling. Each country has its own
sociocultural conditions. In some countries, in some countries, the presence of
a minority affects the prevalence of pathological gambling. Particularly high
prevalence of pathological gambling can be explained by sociocultural reasons.
The regions with extremely high pathological gambling addiction have similar
characteristics. As adaptation to gambling has not taken place in these
countries, the prevalence of pathological gambling continues to increase. There
fore, understanding the causes of pathological gambling in these countries will
have a significant benefit in the preparation of prevention programs.
Prevention programs are needed in Northern Cyprus due to the rapid growth of
pathological gambling. It is necessary to take into account the sociocultural
reasons and the culturalization characteristics in the prevention programs to
be prepared.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gambling, Pathological Gambling, North Cyprus

Kaynakça

• Abbott, M. W.,&Volberg, R. A. (1996). The New Zealand National Survey of Problem and Pathological Gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12 (2), 143-160.
• Abbott, M. W.,& Volberg, R. A. (2000). Taking the pulse on gambling and problem gambling in New Zealand: phase one of the 1999 national prevalence survey. Wellington, NZ: Department of Internal Affairs.
• Alipour, H.,&Vughaingmeh, E. M. (2010). Casino Gambling Tourism-A View From Community: The Case of North Cyprus (TRNC). Journal of Rural and Community Development, 5(3), 175-202.
• American Psychiatric Association, (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
• American Psychiatric Association, (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
• American Psychiatric Association, (2010). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
• Ashley, L. L.,& Boehlke, K. K. (2012). Pathological gambling: a general overview. J Psychoactive Drugs,44(1), 27-37.
• Becona, E. (2009). Spain. In G. Meyer, T. Hayer, & M. Griffiths (Eds.), Problem Gambling in Europe: Challenges, Preventions and Interventions.(pp. 137-151). New York: Springer.
• Bondolfi, G., Osiek, C., & Ferrero, F. (2008). Prevalence estimates of pathological gambling in Switzerland. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,117, 236–239.
• Bonke, J.,& Borregaard, K. (2009). The prevalence of problematic gambling behavior: A Scandinavian comparison. Scandinavian journal of public health,37, 654-60.
• Bryant, R.,& Yakinthou, C. (2012). Cypriot Perception of Turkey. İstanbul, Turkey: Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (Pub.).
• Campbell, CS.,& Smith, G.J. (2003). Gambing in Canada- From vice to disease to responsibility: A negotiated history. CBMH, 20(1), 121-49.
• Çakıcı, M. (2012). The prevalence and risk factors of gambling behavior in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(4), 243-249.
• Çakıcı, M., Çakıcı, E., &Karaaziz, M. (2015). Lifetime of Prevalance and Risk Factors of Problem and Pathologic Gambling in North Cyprus. Journal of Gambling Studies,31(1), DOI 10.1007/s10899-015-9530-5.
• Çakıcı, M., Çakıcı, E., Karaaziz, M., Babayiğit, A. (2019). The relationship between gambling prevalence, risk factors and cultural attitudes in NC: 2007- 2014. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, doi: 10.5455/apd.7939
• De Bruin, D.E., Meijerman, C.J.M., Leenders, F.R.J., & Braam, R.V. (2006). Verslingerd aan meer dan één spel: Een onderzoek naar de aard en omvang van kansspelproblematiek in nederland [Wired to more than one game. A study on the nature and extent of problem gambling in the Netherlands]. Den Haag: Research and Documentation Centre of the Ministry of Justice, commissioned by the Ministry of Justice
• Derevensky, J.,& Gupta, R. (2004). Gambling problems in youth: theoretical and applied perspectives. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Dickerson, M. (1998). Gambling. A Dependence Without a Drug. International Review of Psychiatry, I (March), 157-72.
• Druine (2009). Belgium. In G. Meyer, T. Hayer, & M. Griffiths (Eds.), Problem Gambling in Europe: Challenges, Prevention, and Interventions. New York: Springer.
• Duvarcı, İ.,& Varan, A. (2000). Descriptive Features of Turkish Pathological Gamblers. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41, 253-260.
• Dyall, L. (2002). Kanohi ki te kanohi: Face to face. A Maori face to gambling. New Ethicals Journal: New Zealand's Journal of Patient Management, 5 (1), 11–16.
• Feigelman, W., Kleinman, P.H., Lesieur, H.R., Millman, R.B.,& Lesser, M.L. (1995). Pathological gambling among methadone patients. Drug and Alcohol Depend, 39, 75–81.
• Ferris, J.,& Wynne, H. (2001). The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: User Manual. January 28, 2001. Submitted to the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse.
• Fong, D. K. C.,& Orozio, B. (2005). Gambling participation and prevalence estimates for pathological gambling in a far east gambling city: Macau. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 9(2), 15-28.
• Harvard Mental Health Letter (2010). Pathological gambling. Harvard Mental Health Letter,27(2), 1-3.
• Jonsson, J. (2006). An overview of prevalence surveys of problem and pathological gambling in the Nordic countries. Journal of Gambling Issues, 18.
• Lesieur, H.R.,& Rosenthal, R.J. (1991). Pathological gambling: a review ofthe literature (prepared for the American Psychiatric Association Task Force on DSM-IV Committee on Disorders of Impulse Control Not Elsewhere Classified). Journal Gamble of Study, 7, 5-39.
• Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports (2005). Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports Survey. Singapore: Author
• Navaro-Yashin, Y. (2006). De-ethnicizing the Ethnography of Cyprus: Political and Social Conflict between Turkish Cypriots and Settlers from Turkey. Divided Cyprus: Modernity, History, and an Island in Conflict, edited by Papadakis, Y., Peristianis, N., & Welz, G., Bloomington, USA: Indiana University Press (Pub.), 84-99.
• Netemeyer, R. G., Burton, S., Cole, L.K., Williamson, D. A., Zucker, N., Bertman, L., & Diefenbach, G. (1998). Characteristics and beliefs associated with probable pathological gambling: a pilot study with implications for the national gambling impact and policy commission. J Public Policy Mark,17(2), 147-160.
• Productivity Commission, (2000). Australia’s gambling industries, report no. 10. Chapter 6. What is problem gambling? & Appendix F. National Gambling Survey. Canberra: Austrilian Information.
• Rodríguez, L., Guven-Lisaniler, F., & Ugural, S. (2001, November). Sex work and state regulations in North Cyprus. In International Political Economy Association annual conference, Florence, November.
• Scott, J. E.,& Asikoglu, S. (2001). “Gambling with Paradise? Casino Tourism Development Northern Cyprus”. Tourism Recreation Research, 26(3), 51-61.
• Scott, J. E. (2001). “Everything's Bubbling, But We Don't Know What the Ingredients Are”-Casino Politics and Policy in the Periphery. Journal of Gambling Issues, 4.
• Scott, J. E. (2003). Coffee Shop Meets Casino: Cultural Responses to Casino Tourism in Northern Cyprus. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(2/3), 266-279.
• Scott, J. E. (2013). Playing Properly: Casinos, Blackjack and Cultural Intimacy in Cyprus. In Qualitative Research in Gambling: Exploring the production and consumption of risk, edited by Rebecca Cassidy, Andrea Pisac and Claire Loussouarn. New York: Routledge (Pub.), 125-139.
• Shaffer, H.J.,& Hall, M. M. (1996). Estimating the prevalence of adolescent gambling disorders: A quantitative synthesis and guide toward standard gambling nomenclature. Journal of Gamble Studies, 12(2),193–214.
• Sproston, K., Erens, B.,& Orford, J. (2000). Gambling behaviour in Britain: results from the British gambling prevalence survey. London: National Centre for Social Research.
• Storer, J., Abbott, M.,& Stubbs, J. (2009). Access or adaptation? A meta-analysis of surveys of problem gambling prevalence in Australia and New Zealand with respect to concentration of electronic gaming machines. International Gambling Studies, 9(3), 225-244.
• Tse, S. (2003). From blaming to changing: An Asian perspective in Aotearoa. Paper presented at the 3 rd International Conference on Gambling ("Gambling through a public health lens: Health promotion, harm minimisation and treatment"), Auckland, New Zealand.
• Volberg, R.A.,& Silver, E. (1993). Gambling and Problem Gambling in North Dakota. Report to the North Dakota Department of Human Services, Division of Mental Health. Albany, NY: Gemini Research.
• Volberg, R.A.,& Vales, P.A. (1998). Gambling and Problem Gambling in Puerto Rico [Juegos de azar y el problema de juego en Puerto Rico]. Report to the Puerto Rico Treasury Department.
• Volberg, R.A. (2000). Quick draw players in New York State: a comparison of data from 1996 and 1999. Albany NY: New York State Office of Mental Health.
• Volberg, R.A., Abbott, M.W., Ronnberg, S.,& Munck, I.M.E. (2011). Prevalence and risks of pathological gambling in Sweden. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 104, 250–256.
• Welte, J.W., Barnes, G. M., Wieczorek, W.F., Tidwell, M. C., & Parker, J. (2002). Gambling participation in the U.S. - results from a national survey. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(4), 313-337.
• Wiebe, J.,& Volberg, R. A. (2007). Problem Gambling Prevalence Research: A Critical Overwiev. A report to the Canada Gaming Association. http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2013/hl/con.
• Williams, R.J., Volberg, R.A.,& Stevens, R.M.G. (2012). The Population Prevalence of Problem Gambling: Methodological Influences, Standardized Rates, Jurisdictional Differences, and Worldwide Trends. Report prepared for the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre and the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care.
• Wong, L. K.,& So, M. T. (2003). Prevalence estimates of problem and pathological gambling in Hong Kong. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(7), 1353-1354.