Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2021, , 82 - 90, 19.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.2.09

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ames, D. R., Rose, P. & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 As a Short Measure of Narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 440–450.
  • Andersen, R. E., Barlett, S. J., Morgan, G. D. & Brownell, K. D. (1995). Weight loss, psychological, and nutritional patterns in competitive male body builders. Int J Eat Disorder (18), 49-57.
  • Aslan, H. (2000). Beden Dismorfik Bozukluğu: Bir Gözden Geçirme. Düşünen Adam, 13,33-41.
  • Back, M. D., Penke, L., Schmukle, S.C., Sachse, K., Borkenau, P. & Asendorpf, J.B. (2011). Why Mate Choices are not as Reciprocal as we Assume: The Role of Personality, Flirting and Physical Attractiveness. Eur. J. Pers. 25, 120–132.
  • Baum, A. (2006). Eating Disorders in the Male Athlete. Sports Medicine, 36, 1-6.
  • Bender, D. (2012). Mirror, Mirror on The Wall: Reflecting on Narcissism. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(8),877–885.
  • Bergeron, D. B. (2007). The Relationship Between Body Image Dissatisfaction and Psychological Health: An Exploration of Body Image in Young Adult Men. Unpublished Doctorate Thesis. School of The Ohio State University. USA
  • Blouin, G. A. & Goldfield, G. S (1995). Body Image and Steroid Use In Male Bodybuilders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18(2), 159-165.
  • Cafri, G., Thompson, K., Ricciardelli, L., McCabe, M., Smolak, L. & Yesalis, C. (2005). Pursuit Of The Muscular Ideal: Physical and Psychological Consequences and Putative Risk Factor. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 215-239.
  • Carroll, L. (1989). A Comparative Study Of Narcissism, Gender, and Sex-Role Orientation Among Bodybuilders, Athletes, and Psychology Students. Psychological Reports, 64(3), 999–1006.
  • Choi, P. Y. L., Pope, JrH. G. & Olivardia, R. (2002). Muscle Dysmorphia: A New Syndrome in Weightlifters. Br J Sports Med, 36, 375–377.
  • Dèttore, D., Fabris, M. A., Santarnecchi, E (2020). Differential Prevalence Of Depressive And Narcissistic Traits In Competing And Non-Competing Bodybuilders In Relation To Muscle Dysmorphia Levels. Psychiatr Psychol Klin, 20(2), 102–111
  • Foster, C. A., Shorter, W. G., Griffiths, D. G. & Griffiths, D. M. (2015). Muscle Dysmorphia: Could it be Classified as an Addition to Body Image. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(1), 1-5.
  • Frederick, D. A., Fessler, D. M., & Haselton, M. G. (2005). Do Representations of Male Muscularity Differ in Men’s and Women’s Magazines? Body Image, 2, 81–86.
  • Furnham, A., & Calnan, A. (1998). Eating Disturbances, Self-esteem, Reasons for Exercising and Body Weight Dissatisfaction in Adolescent Males. European Eating Disorders Review, 6, 58-72.
  • Grieve, F. G. (2007). A Conceptual Model of Factors Contributing to the Development of Muscle Dysmorphia. Eating Disorders, 15, 63-80.
  • Güngör, N. D. & Selçuk, F. Ü. (2015). Narsisistik Kişilik Envanteri (NKE-16): Türkçe Uyarlaması. Atılım Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma ve Eğitim Laboratuvarı (SAEL), Yayınlanmamış Tartışma Metni.
  • Hallsworth, L., Wade, T., Tiggeman, M. (2005). Individual Differences in Male Body Image: An Examination of Self Objectification in Recreational Bodybuilders. Br J Health Psychol, 10(3), 453-65.
  • Hildebrandt, T., Schlundt, D. & Langenbucher, J. (2004). Muscularity Concerns Among Men: Development Of Attitudinal And Perceptual Measures. Body Image, 1, 169–181.
  • Hovardaoğlu, S. (1992). Vücut Algısı Ölçeği. Psikiyatri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi (3P). Testler Özel Eki. 1(1), 26-27.
  • Karamustafaoğlu, O. & Karamustafoğlu, N. (2000). Beden Dismorfik Bozukluğu. Düşünen Adam, 13(2), 107-109.
  • Köroğlu, E. (2014). DSM-V Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal Elkitabı. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
  • Leone, E. J., Sedory, J. E., Gray, K. A. (2005). Recognition and Treatment of Muscle Dysmorphia and Related Body Image Disorders. J Athl Train, 40(4), 352–359.
  • McCabe, P. M. & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2001). Parent, Peer and Media Influences on Body Image and Strategies to Both Increase and DecreaseBody Size Among Adolescent Boys and Girls. Adolescent, 36 (142), 225-240.
  • McCreary, D. R., & Sasse, D. K. (2000). An Exploration of the Drive for Muscularity in Adolescent Boys and Girls. Journal of American College Health, 48, 297–304.
  • Mishkind, M. E., Rodin, J., Silberstein, L. R., ve Striegel-Moore, R. H. (1986). The Embodiment of Masculinity: Cultural, Psychological, and Behavioral Dimensions. American Behavioural Scientist, 29, 545–562.
  • Mosley, F. E. (2009). Bigorexia: Bodybuilding and Muscle Dysmorphia. Eur Eat Disorders Rev. 17, 191-98.
  • Murray, B. S., Rieger, E., Touyz, W. S.& Garcia, Y. D. G. (2010). Muscle Dysmorphia And The DSM-V Conundrum: Where Does It Belong? A Review Paper. International Journal of Eating Disorder, 43(6), 483-491.
  • Olivardia, R. (2001). Mirror, Mirror on The Wall, Who's the Largest of Them All? The Features and Phenomenology of Muscle Dysmorphia. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 9, 254-259.
  • Olivardia, R., Pope, G.H. Jr., Borowiecki, J.J., Cohane, H.G. (2004). Biceps and Body Image: The Relationship Between Muscularity and Self-Esteem, Depression, and Eating Disorder Symptoms. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5(2), 112–120.
  • Ozan, E., Kırkpınar, İ., Aydın, N. & Fidan, T. O. M. (2008). Narsisistik Kişilik Bozukluğu: Gelişim Süreçleri ve Yaşamı. Review, Cases and Hypothesis in Psychiatry, 2(1-2), 26-32.
  • Öztürk, O. M. & Uluşahin, A. (2011). Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. Nobel Tıp.
  • Perugi, G., Akiskal, H. S., Giannotti, D., Frare, F., Di Vaio, S., & Cassano, G. B. (1997). Gender-Related Differences in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (Dysmorphophobia). Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185(9), 578-582.
  • Peters, M.A., (1998). Body Image Disturbance in Bodybuilder: Body Dissatisfaction, Body Distortion, and Other Body Image Traits, The degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The Faculty of the Graduate School of the State University, Newyork.
  • Ploeg, G. E, Brooks, A. G., Withers, R. T., Dolman, J., Leaney, F., Chatterton, B. E. (2001). Body Composition Changes in Female Bodybuilders During Preparation for Competition. Eur J Clin Nutr, 55, 268-77.
  • Polat, C., & Şimşek, K.Y. (2015). Spor Merkezlerindeki Bireylerin Egzersiz Bağımlılığı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Eskişehir İli Örneği. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(15), 354-369.
  • Pope H. G Jr, Katz, D.L. (2004): Psychiatric and Medical Effects of Anabolic-Adrogenic Steroid Use: A Controlled Study of 160 Athletes. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 51:375–382
  • Pope, G. C., Pope, H. G. Jr, William, M., Fay, C., Olivardia, R. & Phillips, A., K. (2005). Clinical Features of Muscle Dysmorhia Among Males With Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Body Image, 2, 395-400.
  • Pope, H. G., Jr., Gruber, A. J., Choi, P., Olivardia, R., & Phillips, K. A. (1997). Muscle Dysmorphia. An Underrecognized Form of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Psychosomatics, 38, 548–557.
  • Pope, H. G., Phillips, A. K. & Olivardia, R. (2000). The Adonis Complex: The Secret Crisis of Male Body Obsession. New York, NY: The Free Press.
  • Raskin, R. & Hall, C. S. (1979). A Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Psychological Reports 45(2),159-162.
  • Ray, Ç. P., Demirkol, E. M. & Tamam, L. (2012). Beden Dismorfik Bozukluğu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 4(4), 547-565.
  • Ronningstam, E. (2010). Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A Current Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 12, 68–75.
  • Santarnecchi, E., Déttore, D. (2012). Muscle Dysmorphia In Different Digrees of Bodybuilding Activities: Valifdation of the Italian Version of Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory and Bodybuilder Image Grid. Body Image, 9, 396-403.
  • Silva, D. A. S., DaSilva, R. C & Gonçalves, E. C. A. (2015). Body Image among Men Who Practice Body Building: Comparison by Age, Economic Status and City Size. Perceptual & Motor Skills: Perception, 121(2) 537-547.
  • Stoviks, R. (2006). The Emancipation of Bodybuilding. Sports in Society, 9(3), 463-479.
  • Subaşı, B. Okray, Z., Çakıcı, M. (2018). Kas Algısı Bozukluğu Envanteri Türkçe Formunun Profesyonel Erkek Sporcularda Geçerliliği ve Güvenilirliği. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 19(2), 47-54.
  • Sungur, M. Z. (1999). Beden Dismorfik Bozukluğu. Psikiyatri Dünyası, 1, 19-22.
  • Tatlıses, M. (2016). Spor Salonunda Düzenli Spor Yapan Kişilerin Ortoreksiya Nervoza Belirtileri ile Beden Algısı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Beykent Üniversitesi/Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü/İstanbul.
  • Tazegül, Ü. & Güven, Ö. (2015). Vücut Geli̇şti̇rme Sporcuları ile Farkli Spor Dallarındaki̇ Eli̇t Sporcuların Ve Spor Yapmayan Bi̇reyleri̇n Narsi̇si̇zm Sevi̇yeleri̇ni̇n Karşılaştırılması. Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 33, 465-473.
  • Tigemann, M. (1992). Body Size Dissatisfaction: Individual Differences in Age and Gender, and Relationship with Self-Esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 39–43.
  • Vazire S., Naumann L. P., Rentfrow P. J. & Gosling S. D. (2008). Portrait of a Narcissist: Manifestations of Narcissism in Physical Appearance. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1439–1447.

Body Image, Muscle Dysmorphia and Narcissistic Characteristics of Bodybuilder Males in TRNC

Yıl 2021, , 82 - 90, 19.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.2.09

Öz

Bodybuilding is one of the sport activities that is identified with masculinity and includes several characteristics such as being muscular, having an enlarged physical appearance, and being strong and competent. The aim of this study is to examine muscle dysmorphic disorder, narcissistic personality traits and body image disorder in male bodybuilders. 63 body-builders and 65 sedentary male individuals participated in the study. In this research, personal information forms, MDI, NPI and BIS were employed. One of the findings obtained in this study is that the scores obtained by male bodybuilders from MDI in total and from BIS, AI and FI sub-dimensions show statistically significant differences from sedentary individuals (p<0.05). Another result of the study was that the scores obtained by the bodybuilders from the BIS significantly predicted the BIS, AI and FI scores in the MDI (p <0.05). Conclusions: The study findings indicate that, as the desire to become more muscular and stronger increases, the degree of positive perception of the body decreases, and there is a relationship between bodybuilders' physical dissatisfaction and their physical appearance. As a result of this finding, it can be said that individuals who become bodybuilders turn to bodybuilding as a result of this dissatisfaction. In addition, it can be said that the body dissatisfaction of bodybuilders, is a factor that can be associated with MD development, and that they turn to bodybuilding so that they can have the body that they desire.

Kaynakça

  • Ames, D. R., Rose, P. & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 As a Short Measure of Narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 440–450.
  • Andersen, R. E., Barlett, S. J., Morgan, G. D. & Brownell, K. D. (1995). Weight loss, psychological, and nutritional patterns in competitive male body builders. Int J Eat Disorder (18), 49-57.
  • Aslan, H. (2000). Beden Dismorfik Bozukluğu: Bir Gözden Geçirme. Düşünen Adam, 13,33-41.
  • Back, M. D., Penke, L., Schmukle, S.C., Sachse, K., Borkenau, P. & Asendorpf, J.B. (2011). Why Mate Choices are not as Reciprocal as we Assume: The Role of Personality, Flirting and Physical Attractiveness. Eur. J. Pers. 25, 120–132.
  • Baum, A. (2006). Eating Disorders in the Male Athlete. Sports Medicine, 36, 1-6.
  • Bender, D. (2012). Mirror, Mirror on The Wall: Reflecting on Narcissism. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(8),877–885.
  • Bergeron, D. B. (2007). The Relationship Between Body Image Dissatisfaction and Psychological Health: An Exploration of Body Image in Young Adult Men. Unpublished Doctorate Thesis. School of The Ohio State University. USA
  • Blouin, G. A. & Goldfield, G. S (1995). Body Image and Steroid Use In Male Bodybuilders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18(2), 159-165.
  • Cafri, G., Thompson, K., Ricciardelli, L., McCabe, M., Smolak, L. & Yesalis, C. (2005). Pursuit Of The Muscular Ideal: Physical and Psychological Consequences and Putative Risk Factor. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 215-239.
  • Carroll, L. (1989). A Comparative Study Of Narcissism, Gender, and Sex-Role Orientation Among Bodybuilders, Athletes, and Psychology Students. Psychological Reports, 64(3), 999–1006.
  • Choi, P. Y. L., Pope, JrH. G. & Olivardia, R. (2002). Muscle Dysmorphia: A New Syndrome in Weightlifters. Br J Sports Med, 36, 375–377.
  • Dèttore, D., Fabris, M. A., Santarnecchi, E (2020). Differential Prevalence Of Depressive And Narcissistic Traits In Competing And Non-Competing Bodybuilders In Relation To Muscle Dysmorphia Levels. Psychiatr Psychol Klin, 20(2), 102–111
  • Foster, C. A., Shorter, W. G., Griffiths, D. G. & Griffiths, D. M. (2015). Muscle Dysmorphia: Could it be Classified as an Addition to Body Image. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(1), 1-5.
  • Frederick, D. A., Fessler, D. M., & Haselton, M. G. (2005). Do Representations of Male Muscularity Differ in Men’s and Women’s Magazines? Body Image, 2, 81–86.
  • Furnham, A., & Calnan, A. (1998). Eating Disturbances, Self-esteem, Reasons for Exercising and Body Weight Dissatisfaction in Adolescent Males. European Eating Disorders Review, 6, 58-72.
  • Grieve, F. G. (2007). A Conceptual Model of Factors Contributing to the Development of Muscle Dysmorphia. Eating Disorders, 15, 63-80.
  • Güngör, N. D. & Selçuk, F. Ü. (2015). Narsisistik Kişilik Envanteri (NKE-16): Türkçe Uyarlaması. Atılım Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma ve Eğitim Laboratuvarı (SAEL), Yayınlanmamış Tartışma Metni.
  • Hallsworth, L., Wade, T., Tiggeman, M. (2005). Individual Differences in Male Body Image: An Examination of Self Objectification in Recreational Bodybuilders. Br J Health Psychol, 10(3), 453-65.
  • Hildebrandt, T., Schlundt, D. & Langenbucher, J. (2004). Muscularity Concerns Among Men: Development Of Attitudinal And Perceptual Measures. Body Image, 1, 169–181.
  • Hovardaoğlu, S. (1992). Vücut Algısı Ölçeği. Psikiyatri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi (3P). Testler Özel Eki. 1(1), 26-27.
  • Karamustafaoğlu, O. & Karamustafoğlu, N. (2000). Beden Dismorfik Bozukluğu. Düşünen Adam, 13(2), 107-109.
  • Köroğlu, E. (2014). DSM-V Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal Elkitabı. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
  • Leone, E. J., Sedory, J. E., Gray, K. A. (2005). Recognition and Treatment of Muscle Dysmorphia and Related Body Image Disorders. J Athl Train, 40(4), 352–359.
  • McCabe, P. M. & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2001). Parent, Peer and Media Influences on Body Image and Strategies to Both Increase and DecreaseBody Size Among Adolescent Boys and Girls. Adolescent, 36 (142), 225-240.
  • McCreary, D. R., & Sasse, D. K. (2000). An Exploration of the Drive for Muscularity in Adolescent Boys and Girls. Journal of American College Health, 48, 297–304.
  • Mishkind, M. E., Rodin, J., Silberstein, L. R., ve Striegel-Moore, R. H. (1986). The Embodiment of Masculinity: Cultural, Psychological, and Behavioral Dimensions. American Behavioural Scientist, 29, 545–562.
  • Mosley, F. E. (2009). Bigorexia: Bodybuilding and Muscle Dysmorphia. Eur Eat Disorders Rev. 17, 191-98.
  • Murray, B. S., Rieger, E., Touyz, W. S.& Garcia, Y. D. G. (2010). Muscle Dysmorphia And The DSM-V Conundrum: Where Does It Belong? A Review Paper. International Journal of Eating Disorder, 43(6), 483-491.
  • Olivardia, R. (2001). Mirror, Mirror on The Wall, Who's the Largest of Them All? The Features and Phenomenology of Muscle Dysmorphia. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 9, 254-259.
  • Olivardia, R., Pope, G.H. Jr., Borowiecki, J.J., Cohane, H.G. (2004). Biceps and Body Image: The Relationship Between Muscularity and Self-Esteem, Depression, and Eating Disorder Symptoms. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5(2), 112–120.
  • Ozan, E., Kırkpınar, İ., Aydın, N. & Fidan, T. O. M. (2008). Narsisistik Kişilik Bozukluğu: Gelişim Süreçleri ve Yaşamı. Review, Cases and Hypothesis in Psychiatry, 2(1-2), 26-32.
  • Öztürk, O. M. & Uluşahin, A. (2011). Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. Nobel Tıp.
  • Perugi, G., Akiskal, H. S., Giannotti, D., Frare, F., Di Vaio, S., & Cassano, G. B. (1997). Gender-Related Differences in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (Dysmorphophobia). Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185(9), 578-582.
  • Peters, M.A., (1998). Body Image Disturbance in Bodybuilder: Body Dissatisfaction, Body Distortion, and Other Body Image Traits, The degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The Faculty of the Graduate School of the State University, Newyork.
  • Ploeg, G. E, Brooks, A. G., Withers, R. T., Dolman, J., Leaney, F., Chatterton, B. E. (2001). Body Composition Changes in Female Bodybuilders During Preparation for Competition. Eur J Clin Nutr, 55, 268-77.
  • Polat, C., & Şimşek, K.Y. (2015). Spor Merkezlerindeki Bireylerin Egzersiz Bağımlılığı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Eskişehir İli Örneği. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(15), 354-369.
  • Pope H. G Jr, Katz, D.L. (2004): Psychiatric and Medical Effects of Anabolic-Adrogenic Steroid Use: A Controlled Study of 160 Athletes. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 51:375–382
  • Pope, G. C., Pope, H. G. Jr, William, M., Fay, C., Olivardia, R. & Phillips, A., K. (2005). Clinical Features of Muscle Dysmorhia Among Males With Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Body Image, 2, 395-400.
  • Pope, H. G., Jr., Gruber, A. J., Choi, P., Olivardia, R., & Phillips, K. A. (1997). Muscle Dysmorphia. An Underrecognized Form of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Psychosomatics, 38, 548–557.
  • Pope, H. G., Phillips, A. K. & Olivardia, R. (2000). The Adonis Complex: The Secret Crisis of Male Body Obsession. New York, NY: The Free Press.
  • Raskin, R. & Hall, C. S. (1979). A Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Psychological Reports 45(2),159-162.
  • Ray, Ç. P., Demirkol, E. M. & Tamam, L. (2012). Beden Dismorfik Bozukluğu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 4(4), 547-565.
  • Ronningstam, E. (2010). Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A Current Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 12, 68–75.
  • Santarnecchi, E., Déttore, D. (2012). Muscle Dysmorphia In Different Digrees of Bodybuilding Activities: Valifdation of the Italian Version of Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory and Bodybuilder Image Grid. Body Image, 9, 396-403.
  • Silva, D. A. S., DaSilva, R. C & Gonçalves, E. C. A. (2015). Body Image among Men Who Practice Body Building: Comparison by Age, Economic Status and City Size. Perceptual & Motor Skills: Perception, 121(2) 537-547.
  • Stoviks, R. (2006). The Emancipation of Bodybuilding. Sports in Society, 9(3), 463-479.
  • Subaşı, B. Okray, Z., Çakıcı, M. (2018). Kas Algısı Bozukluğu Envanteri Türkçe Formunun Profesyonel Erkek Sporcularda Geçerliliği ve Güvenilirliği. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 19(2), 47-54.
  • Sungur, M. Z. (1999). Beden Dismorfik Bozukluğu. Psikiyatri Dünyası, 1, 19-22.
  • Tatlıses, M. (2016). Spor Salonunda Düzenli Spor Yapan Kişilerin Ortoreksiya Nervoza Belirtileri ile Beden Algısı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Beykent Üniversitesi/Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü/İstanbul.
  • Tazegül, Ü. & Güven, Ö. (2015). Vücut Geli̇şti̇rme Sporcuları ile Farkli Spor Dallarındaki̇ Eli̇t Sporcuların Ve Spor Yapmayan Bi̇reyleri̇n Narsi̇si̇zm Sevi̇yeleri̇ni̇n Karşılaştırılması. Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 33, 465-473.
  • Tigemann, M. (1992). Body Size Dissatisfaction: Individual Differences in Age and Gender, and Relationship with Self-Esteem. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 39–43.
  • Vazire S., Naumann L. P., Rentfrow P. J. & Gosling S. D. (2008). Portrait of a Narcissist: Manifestations of Narcissism in Physical Appearance. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1439–1447.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Bingül Subaşı Harmancı Bu kişi benim

Zihniye Okray Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Haziran 2021
Kabul Tarihi 26 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Subaşı Harmancı, B., & Okray, Z. (2021). Body Image, Muscle Dysmorphia and Narcissistic Characteristics of Bodybuilder Males in TRNC. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(2), 82-90. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.2.09