Ergenlikte Ebeveyn Kontrolü ve İlişkisel Saldırganlık: Duygu Düzenlemenin Aracı Rolü

Yıl 2021, , 106 - 114, 19.06.2021

Seda Erzi Havva Ekşi

https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.2.11

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ergenlerin ilişkisel saldırganlığının, ebeveynin davranışsal ve psikolojik kontrolü ile duygu düzenleme bakımından incelenmesidir. Test edilen modelde, annenin ve babanın psikolojik kontrolü ile kız ve erkek ergenlerin ilişkisel saldırganlığı arasındaki ilişkide duygu düzenlemenin aracı rolü incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, Zonguldak ilinde yaşayan, yaşları 14 ile 17 arasında olan, 156 kız ve 164 erkek lise öğrencisi çalışmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcılar sırasıyla, sosyodemografik bilgi formu, Arkadaşlık İlişkilerinde İlişkisel Saldırganlık Ölçeği, Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Ölçeği, Psikolojik Kontrol Ölçeği ve Davranışsal Kontrol Ölçeğini yanıtlamışlardır. Çalışmanın bulguları, duygu düzenlemenin, hem annenin hem de babanın psikolojik kontrolü ve ilişkisel saldırganlık arasındaki ilişkide aracı rolü olduğunu göstermiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, babanın ve annenin davranışsal kontrolü ilişkisel saldırganlıkla negatif yönde ilişkilidir ve yalnızca babanın davranışsal kontrolü ve ilişkisel saldırganlık arasındaki ilişkide duygu düzenlemenin aracı rolü vardır. Psikolojik kontrolün, ergenlerin ilişkisel saldırganlığını arttırırken, duygu düzenleme güçlüğünü de arttırdığı, bunun yanında davranışsal kontrolün, ilişkisel saldırganlığı ve duygu düzenleme güçlüğünü azalttığı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın bulguları ilgili literatür eşliğinde tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ergenlik, Duygu Düzenleme, İlişkisel Saldırganlık, Psikolojik Kontrol, Davranışsal Kontrol

Kaynakça

• Aizpitarte, A., Atherton, O. E., Zheng, L. R., Alonso‐Arbiol, I., & Robins, R. W. (2019). Developmental precursors of relational aggression from late childhood through adolescence. Child development, 90(1), 117-126.
• Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67, 3296-3319.
• Barber, B. K., & Harmon, E. L. (2002). Violating the self: Parental psychological control of children and adolescents.
• Blandon, A. Y., Calkins, S. D., Grimm, K. J., Keane, S. P., & O'Brien, M. (2010). Testing a developmental cascade model of emotional and social competence and early peeracceptance. Development and Psychopathology, 22(4), 737-748.
• Bowie, B. H. (2010). Understanding the gender differences in pathways to social deviancy: relational aggression and emotion regulation. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 24(1), 27-37.
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Card, N. A., Stucky, B. D., Sawalani, G. M., & Little, T. D. (2008). Direct and indirect aggression during childhood and adolescence: A meta‐analytic review of gender differences, intercorrelations, and relations to maladjustment. Child development, 79(5), 1185-1229.
• Casas, J. F., Weigel, S. M., Crick, N. R., Ostrov, J. M., Woods, K. E., Yeh, E. A. J. (2006). Early parenting and children's relational and physical aggression in the preschool and home contexts. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27, 209–227.
• Cole, P. M., Martin, S. E., & Dennis, T.A. (2004). Emotion regulation as a scientific construct: Methodological challenges and directions for child development research. Child Development, 75, 317–333
• Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. D. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 59(2‐3), 73-102.
• Crick, N. R. (1995). Relational aggression: The role of intent attributions, feelings of distress and provocation type. Development and Psychopathology, 7(2), 313–322.
• Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social psychological adjustment. Child development, 66(3), 710-722.
• Cui, L., Morris, A. S., Criss, M. M., Houltberg, B. J., & Silk, J. S. (2014). Parental psychological control and adolescent adjustment: The role of adolescent emotion regulation. Parenting, 14(1), 47-67.
• Dane, A. V., & Marini, Z. A. (2014). Overt and relational forms of reactive aggression in adolescents: Relations with temperamental reactivity and self-regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 60, 60-66.
• Dodge, K. A., & Coie, J. D. (1987). Social-information-processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer groups. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(6), 1146.
• Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D., & Lynam, D. (2006). Aggression and Antisocial Behavior inYouth. In: Damon W, Eisenberg N, editors. Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development. 6th. New York: Wiley; 2006.
• Eisenberg, N., Champion, C., & Ma, Y. (2004). Emotion-related regulation: An emerging construct. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 50, 236–259.
• Gaertner, A. E., Rathert, J. L., Fite, P. J., Vitulano, M, Wynn, P. T., & Harber, J. (2010). Sources of Parental Knowledge as Moderators of the Relation Between Parental Psychological Control and Relational and Physical/Verbal Aggression. J Child Fam Stud, 19, 607–616.
• Galen, B. R., & Underwood, M. K. (1997). A developmental investigation of social aggression among children. Developmental psychology, 33(4), 589.
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Publications.
• Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2003). Parenting of adolescents: Action or reaction. Children’s influence on family dynamics: The neglected side of family relationships, 121-151.
• Kındap, Y., Sayıl, M., & Kumru, A. (2008). Anneden Algılanan Kontrolün Niteliği ile Ergenin Psikososyal Uyumu ve Arkadaşlıkları Arasındaki İlişkiler: Benlik Değerinin Aracı Rolü. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 23 (61), 92-107.
• Kokkinos, C. M., Algiovanoglou, I., & Voulgaridou, I. (2019). Emotion regulation and relational aggression in adolescents: Parental attachment as moderator. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(11), 3146-3160.
• Kuppens, S., Grietens, H., Onghena, P., & Michiels, D. (2009). Associations between parentalcontrol and children's overt and relational aggression. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27(3), 607-623.
• Kurtyılmaz, Y., Gürhan, C. A. N., & Ceyhan, A. A. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin ilişkisel saldırganlık ile benlik saygısı, sosyal bağlılık ve sosyal kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 7(47), 33-52.
• Loukas, A., Paulos, S. K. & Robinson, S. (2005). Early Adolescent Social and Overt Aggression: Examining the Roles of Social Anxiety and Maternal Psychological Control. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(4), 335-345.
• Maccoby, E.E., & Martin, J.A. (2003). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology. (pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley.
• McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Mennin, D. S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Emotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology. A prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(9), 544-554.
• McLeod, B.D., Wood, J.J., & Weisz, J.R. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 155-172.
• Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 361–388.
• Pettit, G. S., Laird, R. D., Dodge, K. A. ve Bates, J. E., & Criss, M. M. (2001). Antecedents and Behavior problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control. Child Development, 72, 583-598.
• Pomerantz, E.M., & Wang, Q. (2009). The role of parental control in children's developmentin western and east asian countries. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 285-297.
• Prinzie, P., Onghena, P., Hellinckx, W., Grietens, H., Ghesquiere, P., & Colpin, H. (2003). The additive and interactive effects of parenting and children's personality on externalizing behaviour. European Journal of Personality, 17(2), 95-117.
• Santrock, J. (2014). Adolescence (15th Edition). New York.: McGraw-Hill.
• Sayıl, M., & Kındap, Y. (2010). Ergenin anne-babadan algıladığı psikolojik kontrol: Psikolojik kontrol ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 13(25), 62-75.
• Sayıl, M., Kındap, Y., Bayar, Y., Kurt, D. ve Tığrak, A. (2012). Ergenlik döneminde ebeveynlik ve ergenin psikososyal uyumu. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Scharf, M., & Goldner, L. (2018). “If you really love me, you will do/be…”: Parental psychological control and its implications for children's adjustment. Developmental Review, 49, 16-30.
• Shaffer, D. R. (2008). Social and personality development. Toronto, Canada: Nelson Education.
• Shek, D. T., & Zhu, X. (2019). Paternal and maternal influence on delinquency among early adolescents in Hong Kong. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(8), 1338.
• Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescents' emotion regulation in daily life: Links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Child development, 74(6), 1869-1880.
• Sullivan, T. N., Helms, S. W., Kliewer, W., & Goodman, K. L. (2010). Associations between sadness and anger regulation coping, emotional expression, and physical and relational aggression among urban adolescents. Social Development, 19(1), 30-51
• Tepe, Y.K., & Sayıl, M. (2012). Ebeveyn kontrolü ve ergenin sosyal işlevselliği arasındaki bağlantıda ilişkisel saldırganlığın aracı rolü. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 27(70), 119-132
• Underwood, M. K., Beron, K. J., & Rosen, L. H. (2009). Continuity and change in social and physical aggression from middle childhood through early adolescence. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 35(5), 357-375.
• Underwood, M.K., Galen, B.R., & Paquette, J.A. (2001). Top ten challenges for understanding gender and aggression in children: Why can’t we all just get along? Social Development, 10, 268–271.
• Van Heel, M., Bijttebier, P., Colpin, H., Goossens, L., Van Den Noortgate, W., Verschueren, K., & Van Leeuwen, K. (2019). Investigating the interplay between adolescent personality, parental control, and externalizing problem behavior across adolescence. Journal of research in personality, 81, 176-186.
• Voulgaridou, I., & Kokkinos, C. M. (2015). Relational aggression in adolescents: A review of theoretical and empirical research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 87-97.
• Yoon, J. S., Barton, E., & Taiariol, J. (2004). Relational aggression in middle school: Educational implications of developmental research. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 24(3), 303-318.
• Yiğit, İ., Guzey Yiğit, M. (2019). “Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16).” Current Psychology, 38, 1503-1511.
• Zarra-Nezhad, M., Aunola, K., Kiuru, N., Mullola, S., & Moazami-Goodarzi, A. (2015). Parenting styles and children’s emotional development during the first grade: The moderating role of child temperament. Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy, 5.
• Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Trevaskis, S., Nesdale, D., & Downey, G. A. (2014). Relationalvictimization, loneliness and depressive symptoms: Indirect associations via self and peer reports of rejection sensitivity. Journal of youth and adolescence, 43(4), 568-582.