Beliren Yetişkinlikte Algılanan Yaşam Becerileri, Öz Düzenleme, Duygu Düzenleme, Helikopter Ana-babalık ve Özerklik Destekleyici Davranışlar

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 253 - 261, 27.09.2022

Cansu Hazal Güçlü , H. Kübra Özdoğan , Figen Çok

Öz

Yaşam becerileri, beliren yetişkinlerin gelişimini çeşitli duygusal ve sosyal boyutlarda etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öz düzenleme, duygu düzenleme, özerkliği destekleyici davranış ve helikopter ana-babalığın, beliren yetişkinlerin algılanan yaşam becerileri düzeyi üzerindeki rolünü incelemektir. Bu amaçla, Türkiye'nin merkezindeki bir üniversiteden yaşları 18-27 arasında değişen (M = 21.3, SD = 1.92) 451 beliren yetişkin (%21.7 erkek ve %78.3 kadın) bu çalışmaya katılmıştır. Yapılan aşamalı regresyon analizi, algılanan yaşam becerilerinin öz düzenleme (β =.45, t = 10.872, p = .000) ve özerkliği destekleyici davranışlar (β = .14, t = 3.43, p = .001) tarafından yordandığını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuçlar yaşam becerileri ve ilgili değişkenler ışığında sunulmakta ve tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beliren yetişkinlik, yaşam becerileri, özerklik destekleyici davranış, öz düzenleme, helikopter ana-babalık, duygu düzenleme

Destekleyen Kurum

Başkent Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

34611

Emerging Adults’ Perceived Life Skills, Self -Regulation, Emotion Regulation, Helicopter Parenting and Autonomy Supportive Behaviours*

Öz

Life skills have an inclusive effect on various emotional and social aspects of emerging adults’ development. The aim of this study is to examine the role of self-regulation, emotion regulation, autonomy supportive behaviour and helicopter parenting on emerging adults’ perceived level of life skills. For this purpose, 451 emerging adults (21.7 % male and 78.3 % female) between the ages of 18 and 27 (M = 21.3, SD = 1.92) participated in this study from a comprehensive university from central Turkey. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that perceived life skills predicted by self-regulation (β =.45, t = 10.872, p = .000) and autonomy supportive behaviours (β =.14, t = 3.43, p = .001). Results are presented and discussed under the light of life skills and related variables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Emerging adults, life skills, autonomy supportive behaviour, self-regulation, helicopter parenting, emotion regulation

Proje Numarası

34611

Kaynakça

• Ananiadou, K. & Claro, M. (2009). “21st century skills and competences for new millennium learners in OECD countries”. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 41. France: OECD Publishing. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/218525261154
• Arnett, J. J. (2014). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties (2nd edition). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Atak, H., & Çok, F. (2010). İnsan Yaşamında Yeni Bir Dönem: Beliren Yetişkinlik. Türkiye Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 17(1), 39-50. Retrieved from https://www.cogepderg.com/archives/archive-detail?vid=4956.
• Aydın, S., Keskin, M. Ö., & Yel, M. (2013). Öz-düzenleme ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Turkish Journal of, 3(1), 24-33. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/turje/issue/17343/181073
• Ayseli, C. (2019). Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ve kendini bağışlama: duygu düzenleme güçlüğü, suçluluk ve utanç duygularının aracılık rollerinin incelenmesi. (Unpublished Master's Thesis), Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Bauer, I. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2011). Self-regulatory strength. In K. D. Vohs & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 64–82). New York: Guilford Press
• Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M. & Rumble, M. (2010). Draft white paper 1: Defining 21st century skills. Assessment & Teaching of 21st Century Skills [ATCS]. Retrieved from https://www.voced.edu.au/content/ngv%3A57352
• Brown, J. M., Miller, W. R. & Lawendowski, L. A. (1999). The Self-Regulation Questionnaire. In L. VandeCreek and T. L. Jackson (Eds.), Innovations in Clinical Practice: A Source Book (pp. 281-289). Florida: Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange.
• Butler, E. A. (2011). Three views of emotion regulation and health. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(8), 563–577. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17519004.2011.00372.x
• Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2011). Self-regulation of action and affect. In K. D. Vohs & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 3-21). New York: Guilford Press.
• Chu S. K. W., Reynolds R. B., Tavares N. J., Notari M., Lee C. W. Y. (2017) Twenty-First Century Skills and Global Education Roadmaps. In: 21st Century Skills Development Through Inquiry-Based Learning. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2481-8_2
• Cronin, L., Marchant, D., Allen, J., Mulvenna, C., Cullen, D., Williams, G., & Ellison, P. (2019). Students’ perceptions of autonomy-supportive versus controlling teaching and basic need satisfaction versus frustration in relation to life skills development in PE. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 44, 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.05.003
• Curun, F., Beydoğan Tangör, B. & Çolakoğlu Kaya, E. (2020). Positive/ negative affectivity and authentic personality: the mediator role of emotion regulation difficulties. Studies in Psychology, 40(2), 599–623. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iupcd/issue/56992/839271
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology, 49(3), 182. DOI: 10.1037/a0012801
• Dela Fuente, J., & Cardelle-Elawar, M. (2011). Personal self-regulation and coping style in university students. In Psychology of Individual Differences, (pp. 171-182). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
• Doğan, A., & Cebioğlu, S. (2011). Beliren yetişkinlik: Ergenlikten yetişkinliğe uzanan bir dönem. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 14(28), 11–21. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/1775152698?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
• Duchatelet, D., & Donche, V. (2019). Fostering self-efficacy and self-regulation in higher education: a matter of autonomy support or academic motivation?. Higher Education Research & Development, 38(4), 733-747. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1581143
• Durand-Bush, N., McNeill, K., Harding, M., & Dobransky, J. (2015). Investigating stress, psychological wellbeing, mental health functioning, and self-regulation capacityamong university undergraduate students:Is this population optimally functioning?.Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 49(3), 253-274. Retrieved from https://cjc rcc.ucalgary.ca/article/view/61066
• Duru, E., Duru, S., & Balkıs, M. (2014). Analysis of relationships among burnout, academic achievement, and self-regulation. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 14(4), 1263-1284. https://doi.org/10.12738/ESTP.2014.4.2050
• Ertuna, E. (2016). The Turkish translation, and reliability, validity study of helicopter parenting instrument. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Near East University, Nicosia.
• Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311-1327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6
• Ghasemian, A., & Kumar, V. G. (2017). Evaluate the effectiveness of life skills training on development of autonomy in adolescent students: A comparative study. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(1), 68. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/1891260528?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true.
• Gratz, K. L. (2007). Targeting emotion dysregulation in the treatment of self-injury. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(11), 1091–1103. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20417.
• Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
• Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Parent styles associated with children's self-regulation and competence in school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(2), 143. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1989-34682-001.
• Gross, J. J. (2001). Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 214-219. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467 8721.00152
• Gross, J. J. (2008). Emotion regulation. In Handbook of emotions (3rd ed.) (pp. 497-513). New York: Guilford Press. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
• Hirsch, D., & Goldberger, E. (2010). Hovering practices in and outside the classroom. About Campus, 14(6), 30-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/abc.20007
• Hoyle, R. H. (2010). Personality and self-regulation. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of personality and self-regulation (pp. 1–18). New York: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444318111.ch1
• Jakešová, J., Kalenda, J., & Gavora, P. (2015). Self-regulation and academic self-efficacy of Czech university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 1117-1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.803
• Kivunja, C. (2015). Teaching students to learn and to work well with 21st century skills: Unpacking the career and life skills domain of the new learning paradigm. International Journal of Higher Education, 4(1), 1-11. doi:10.5430/ijhe.v4n1p1
• Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (5th ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
• Kuhl, J. (2000). A functional-design approach to motivation and self-regulation: The dynamics of personality systems and interactions. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 111–169). San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012109890-2/50034-2
• Kwon, K. A., Yoo, G., & Bingham, G. E. (2016). Helicopter parenting in emerging adulthood: Support or barrier for Korean college students’ psychological adjustment?. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(1), 136-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826015-0195-6
• Lekes, N., Gingras, I., Philippe, F. L., Koestner, R., & Fang, J. (2010). Parental autonomy support, intrinsic life goals, and well-being among adolescents in China and North America. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(8), 858-869. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9451-7
• LeMoyne, T., & Buchanan, T. (2011). Does “hovering” matter? Helicopter parenting and its effect on well-being. Sociological Spectrum, 31(4), 399-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2011.574038
• Luebbe, A. M., Mancini, K. J., Kiel, E. J., Spangler, B. R., Semlak, J. L., & Fussner, L. M. (2018). Dimensionality of helicopter parenting and relations to emotional, decision-making, and academic functioning in emerging adults. Assessment, 25(7), 841-857. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116665907
• McClelland, M. M., Ponitz, C. C., Messersmith, E. E., & Tominey, S. (2010). Self-regulation: Integration of cognition and emotion. InThe handbook of life-span development, Vol. 1. Cognition, biology, and methods (pp. 509–553). New Jersey: Wiley .
• O'Connor, M., Sanson, A., Hawkins, M. T., Letcher, P., Toumbourou, J. W., Smart, D., Vassallo, S., & Olsson, C. A. (2011). Predictors of positive development in emerging adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(7), 860–874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010 9593-7
• Odenweller, K. G., Booth-Butterfield, M., & Weber, K. (2014). Investigating helicopter parenting, family environments, and relational outcomes for millennials. Communication Studies, 65(4), 407–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2013.811434
• Özyurt, M. (2020). 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri Öğretimi Ölçeğinin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlik Güvenirlik Çalışması. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(30), 2568-2594. DOI: 10.26466/opus.725042
• Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nelson, L. J. (2012). Black hawk down?: Establishing helicopter parenting as a distinct construct from other forms of parental control during emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1177-1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.03.007
• Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2009). P21 framework definitions. Retrieved from, http://www.p21.org/ storage/documents/P21_Framework_Definitions.pdf
• Rawana, J. S., Flett, G. L., McPhie, M. L., Nguyen, H. T., & Norwood, S. J. (2014). Developmental trends in emotion regulation: A systematic review with implications for community mental health. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 33(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2014-004
• Reed, K., Duncan, J. M., Lucier-Greer, M., Fixelle, C., & Ferraro, A. J. (2016). Helicopter parenting and emerging adult self-efficacy: Implications for mental and physical health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(10), 3136-3149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0466-x
• Rugancı, R. N., & Gençöz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66(4), 442-455. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20665
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The darker and brighter sides of human existence: Basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 319-338. DOI: 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_03
• Savoji, A. P., & Ganji, K. (2013). Increasing mental health of university students through life skills training (LST). Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1255-1259. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.739
• Schiffrin, H. H., & Liss, M. (2017). The effects of helicopter parenting on academic motivation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(5), 1472-1480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0658-z
• Schiffrin, H. H., Liss, M., Miles-McLean, H., Geary, K. A., Erchull, M. J., & Tashner, T. (2014). Helping or hovering? The effects of helicopter parenting on college students’ well-being. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(3), 548-557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9716-3
• Segrin, C., Woszidlo, A., Givertz, M., Bauer, A., & Taylor Murphy, M. (2012). The association between overparenting, parent‐child communication, and entitlement and adaptive traits in adult children. Family Relations, 61(2), 237-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00689.x
• Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2010). A theoretical upgrade of the concept of parental psychological control: Proposing new insights on the basis of self-determination theory. Developmental Review, 30(1), 74-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2009.11.001
• Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Beyers, W., & Ryan, R. M. (2007). Conceptualizing parental autonomy support: Adolescent perceptions of promotion of independence versus promotion of volitional functioning. Developmental psychology, 43(3), 633. Doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.633
• Wenzel, V., Weichold, K., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2009). The life skills program IPSY: Positive influences on school bonding and prevention of substance misuse. Journal of Adolescence, 32(6), 1391-1401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.008
• World Health Organization. (1999). Partners in life skills education: Conclusion from a United Nations inter-agency meeting. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/mental_health/media/en/30.pdf
• World Economic Forum, (2016). What are the 21st century skills every student needs?. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/03/21st-century-skills-future-jobsstudents/
• Yano, K., Kase, T., & Oishi, K. (2021). Sensory processing sensitivity moderates the relationships between life skills and depressive tendencies in university students. Japanese Psychological Research, 63(3), 152-163. doi: 10.1111/jpr.12289
• Yılmaz, H. (2019). İyi ebeveyn, çocuğu için her zaman her şeyi yapan ebeveyn değildir: Algılanan Helikopter Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği (AHETÖ) geliştirme çalışması. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 3-31. DOI: 10.24130/eccd-jecs.1967201931114
• Yılmaz, H., & Büyükcebeci, A. (2019). Bazı pozitif psikoloji kavramları açısından helikopter ebeveyn tutumlarının sonuçları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 9(54), 707-744. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1120167
• Yorulmaz E., Civgin U., & Yorulmaz O. (2020). What is the role of emotional regulation and psychological rigidity in the relationship between stress and pathological internet use? Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 33, 71-78. https://doi.org/10.14744/DAJPNS.2019.00062