Araştırma Makalesi
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Covid-19'da Hamile Olmak (Doğum Korkusu, Covid-19 Korkusu ve Evlilik Uyumu)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 222 - 230, 27.09.2022

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı doğum korkusu, Covid-19 korkusu ve evlilik uyumu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu genel amaç doğrultusunda ayrıca demografik değişkenlere göre doğum korkusu, Covid-19 korkusu ve evlilik uyumu düzeylerinde farklılık durumları incelenmiştir. AraştırmaAnkara’da özel bir hastanenin kadın doğum kliniğinde takibi yapılan 382 gebe ile yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama araçları olarak DemografikBilgi Formu, Wijma Doğum Beklentisi-Deneyimi Ölçeği (W-DEQ) A Versiyonu, Covid-19 Korkusu Ölçeği ve Yenilenmiş Çift Uyum Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Demografik değişkenlere göre doğum korkusu, Covid-19 korkusu ve evlilik uyumundan alınan puanların karşılaştırılması için Bağımsız Örneklem T testi ve Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Değişkenlerin birbirleriyle ilişkisi ise Pearson Korelasyon analizi ile test edilmiş olup, Covid-19 korkusu ve evlilik uyumunun, doğum korkusunu yordayıcı etkisi regresyon analiziyle incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda yaşa göre doğum korkusunda farklılık saptanırken, sağlık sorununa göre hem doğum korkusunun hem de Covid-19 korkusunda farklılık saptanmıştır. Ayrıca gebelik haftasına göre de Covid-19 korkusu farklılık göstermektedir. Doğum korkusu ile Covid-19 korkusu arasında pozitif yönde, evlilik uyumu arasında ise negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Covid-19 korkusu ile evlilik uyumunun, doğum korkusunu anlamlı biçimde yordadığı belirlenmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of Covıd-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. International journal of mental health and addiction, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Ankara Aktaş, H., Aboalhasan, Y., Aygün, T., Başol, G. & Kale, A. (2020). Covid-19 ve gebelik. South. Clin. Ist. Euras, 31, 69-73. doi: 10.14744/scie.2020.00921
  • Arslantaş, H., Çoban, A., Dereboy, F., Sarı, E., Şahbaz, M., & Kurnaz, D. (2020). Son trimester gebelerde doğum korkusunu etkileyen faktörler ve doğum korkusunun postpartum depresyon ve maternal bağlanma ile ilişkisi. Cukurova Med J, 45(1), 239-250.
  • Bayraktaroğlu, H., & Çakıcı, E. (2013). Factors relateed with marital adjustment. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 53(A), 297-312.
  • Bloch, J. R., Webb, D. A., Matthew, L., Dennis, E. F., Bennett, I. M., & Culhane, J. F. (2010). Beyond marital status: the quality of the mother-father relationship and its influence on reproductive health behaviors and outcomes among unmarried low income pregnant women. Matern Child Health Journal, 14(5), 726-34.
  • Bülbül, T., Özen, B., Çopur, A., & Kayacık, F. (2016). Gebelerin doğum korkusu ve doğum şekline karar verme durumlarının incelenmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (3), 126-130.
  • Büyükbayrak, E. E., Kaymaz, O., Kars, B., Karşıdağ, A. Y., Bektaş, E., Ünal, O., & Turan, C. (2010). Caesarean delivery or vaginal birth: preference of Turkish pregnant women and influencing factors. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 30(2), 155-158.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi.
  • Cheng, E. R., Rifas-Shiman, S.L., Perkins, M.E., Rich-Edwards, J.W., Gillman, M.W., & Wrighti R. (2016). The influence of antenatal partner support on pregnancy outcomes. Journal of Women's Health, 25(7), 672-9.
  • Chua, M., Lee, J., Sulaiman, S., & Tan, H. (2020). From the frontline of COVID-19–How preparedare we as obstetricians: a commentary. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 127(7), 1471-528.
  • Cohen,, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Coyne, J., & Anderson, K. K. (1999). Marital status, marital satisfaction, and support processes among women at high risk for breast cancer. Journal of Family Psychology, 13(4), 629-641.
  • Cumberland, S. (2010). Cause for concern: Maternal fear around childbirth and caesarean section as a mode of delivery. MIDIRS Midwifery Digest, 20, 297-304.
  • Çiçek, Ö., & Mete, S. (2015). Sık karşılaşılan bir sorun: Doğum korkusu. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 8(4), 263-268.
  • Çuvadar, A., Özcan, H., Arıkan, M. G. & Ateş, S. (2020). COVID-19 tanılı gebede postpartum kaygı düzeyi: İki olgu sunumu . Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 297-301.
  • Dahlberg, U., Persen, J., Skogås, A.-K., Selboe, S.-T., Torvik, H. M., & Aune, I. (2016). How can midwives promote a normal birth and a positive birth experience? The experience of first-time Norwegian mothers. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 7(7), 2–7.
  • Dashraath, P., Wong, J. L. J., Lim, M. X. K., Lim, L. M., Li, S., Biswas, A., Choolani, M., Mattar, C., & Su, L. L. (2020)., Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 222(6), 521-531.
  • Della Gatta, A. N., Rizzo, R., Pilu, G., & Simonazzi, G. COVID-19 during pregnancy: A systematic review of reported cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 223(1), 36-41.
  • Elshafeey, F., Magdi, R., Hindi, N., Elshebiny, M., Farrag, N., & Mahdy, S. (2020). A systematic scoping review of COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 150(1), 47-52.
  • Erberk E., Beştepe E., & Akar H. (2005). Cinsellik ve çift uyumu: Üç grup evli çiftle karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. Düşünen Adam 72-81.
  • Ergönen, A. T., Biçen, E., & Ersoy, G. (2020). COVID-19 salgınında ev içi şiddet. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine, 25, 48-57.
  • ESHRE (2020). News and Statements. Coronavirus Covid-19: ESHRE statement on pregnancy and conception. https://www.eshre.eu/Press-Room/ESHRE-News. adresinden 22 Eylül 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Fidanoğlu, O. (2007). Evlilik uyumu ile eşlerin somatizasyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki ve diğer sosyodemografik değişkenler açısından karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Gao, L. L., Liu, X. J., Fu, B. L., & Xie, W. (2015). Predictors of childbirth fear among pregnant Chinese women: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Midwifery, 31, 865-870.
  • Gök, K., Köse, O.& Özden, S. (2020). Gebelikte Koronavirüs Enfeksiyonu (COVID-19) ve Yönetimi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, 10(2), 348-358. doi: 10.31832/smj.723129
  • Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic: What is the role of psychiatry?. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 71, 101594.
  • Güleç, D., Öztürk, R., Sevil, Ü., & Kazandı, M. (2014). Gebelerin yaşadıkları doğum korkusu ile algıladıkları sosyal destek arasındaki ilişki. Türkiye Klinikleri Jinekoloji Obstetrik, 24(1), 36-41.
  • Hofberg, K., & Ward, M. (2003). Fear of pregnancy and childbirth. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 79, 505–510
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Birmingham, W., & Jones, B. Q. (2008). Is there something unique about marriage? The relative ımpact of marital status, relationship quality, and network social support on ambulatory blood pressure and mental health. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35(2), 239- 244.
  • Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., & Dong, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934.
  • Houseknecht, S.K., & Macke, A.S. (1991). Combining marriage and career: the marital adjustment of professional women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43, 651-661.
  • Karasar, N. (2002). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Kitamura, T., Aoki, M., Fujino, M., Ura, C., Watanabe, K., & Fujihara, S. (1998). Sex differences in marital and social- adjustment. Social Psychol, 2, 26-138.
  • Wijma, K., Wijma, B., & Zar, M. (1998). Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ; a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 19(2), 8488-97.
  • Körükcü, O, Kukul, K., & Firat M. Z. (2012). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) with pregnant women. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 19(3), 193-202. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01694.x
  • Körükcü, O., Deliktaş, A., Aydın, R., & Kabukcuoğlu, K. (2017). Investigation of the relationship between the psychosocial health status and fear of childbirth in healthy pregnancies. Clinicial and Experimental Health Sciences, 7, 152-8.
  • Ladikli, N., Bahadır, E., Yumuşak, F. N., Akkuzu, H., Karaman, G., ve Türkkan, Z. (2020). Kovid-19 Korkusu Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması. International Journal of SocialScience, 3(2): 71-80.
  • Laursen, M., Hedegaard, M., & Johansen, C. (2008). Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG, 115 (3), 354-360.
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Being pregnant in Covid-19 (Fear of Giving Birth, Fear of Covid-19, and Marital Adjustment)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 222 - 230, 27.09.2022

Öz

This research aims to examine the relationship between fear of childbirth, fear of Covid-19, and marital adjustment. In line with this general-purpose, differences in fear of childbirth, fear of Covid-19, and marital adjustment levels were also examined according to demographic variables. The research was carried out with 382 pregnant women who were followed up in the obstetrics clinic of a private hospital in Ankara. Demographic Information Form, Wijma Birth Expectation-Experience Scale (W-DEQ) Version A, Fear of Covid-19 Scale, and Revised Dynasty Scale were used as data collection tools. Independent Sample T-test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the scores obtained from fear of childbirth, fear of Covid-19, and spousal adjustment according to demographic variables. The relationship of the variables with each other was tested with Pearson Correlation analysis, and the predictive effect of fear of Covid-19 and spousal adjustment on fear of childbirth was examined by regression analysis. As a result of the research, while there was a difference in fear of birth according to age, there was a difference in both fear of birth and fear of Covid-19 according to health problems. In addition, the fear of Covid-19 differs according to the gestational week. A positive relationship was found between fear of childbirth and fear of Covid-19 and a negative relationship between marital adjustment. In addition, it was determined that fear of Covid-19 and spousal adjustment significantly predicted fear of childbirth.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of Covıd-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. International journal of mental health and addiction, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Ankara Aktaş, H., Aboalhasan, Y., Aygün, T., Başol, G. & Kale, A. (2020). Covid-19 ve gebelik. South. Clin. Ist. Euras, 31, 69-73. doi: 10.14744/scie.2020.00921
  • Arslantaş, H., Çoban, A., Dereboy, F., Sarı, E., Şahbaz, M., & Kurnaz, D. (2020). Son trimester gebelerde doğum korkusunu etkileyen faktörler ve doğum korkusunun postpartum depresyon ve maternal bağlanma ile ilişkisi. Cukurova Med J, 45(1), 239-250.
  • Bayraktaroğlu, H., & Çakıcı, E. (2013). Factors relateed with marital adjustment. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 53(A), 297-312.
  • Bloch, J. R., Webb, D. A., Matthew, L., Dennis, E. F., Bennett, I. M., & Culhane, J. F. (2010). Beyond marital status: the quality of the mother-father relationship and its influence on reproductive health behaviors and outcomes among unmarried low income pregnant women. Matern Child Health Journal, 14(5), 726-34.
  • Bülbül, T., Özen, B., Çopur, A., & Kayacık, F. (2016). Gebelerin doğum korkusu ve doğum şekline karar verme durumlarının incelenmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 25 (3), 126-130.
  • Büyükbayrak, E. E., Kaymaz, O., Kars, B., Karşıdağ, A. Y., Bektaş, E., Ünal, O., & Turan, C. (2010). Caesarean delivery or vaginal birth: preference of Turkish pregnant women and influencing factors. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 30(2), 155-158.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi.
  • Cheng, E. R., Rifas-Shiman, S.L., Perkins, M.E., Rich-Edwards, J.W., Gillman, M.W., & Wrighti R. (2016). The influence of antenatal partner support on pregnancy outcomes. Journal of Women's Health, 25(7), 672-9.
  • Chua, M., Lee, J., Sulaiman, S., & Tan, H. (2020). From the frontline of COVID-19–How preparedare we as obstetricians: a commentary. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 127(7), 1471-528.
  • Cohen,, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Coyne, J., & Anderson, K. K. (1999). Marital status, marital satisfaction, and support processes among women at high risk for breast cancer. Journal of Family Psychology, 13(4), 629-641.
  • Cumberland, S. (2010). Cause for concern: Maternal fear around childbirth and caesarean section as a mode of delivery. MIDIRS Midwifery Digest, 20, 297-304.
  • Çiçek, Ö., & Mete, S. (2015). Sık karşılaşılan bir sorun: Doğum korkusu. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 8(4), 263-268.
  • Çuvadar, A., Özcan, H., Arıkan, M. G. & Ateş, S. (2020). COVID-19 tanılı gebede postpartum kaygı düzeyi: İki olgu sunumu . Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 297-301.
  • Dahlberg, U., Persen, J., Skogås, A.-K., Selboe, S.-T., Torvik, H. M., & Aune, I. (2016). How can midwives promote a normal birth and a positive birth experience? The experience of first-time Norwegian mothers. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 7(7), 2–7.
  • Dashraath, P., Wong, J. L. J., Lim, M. X. K., Lim, L. M., Li, S., Biswas, A., Choolani, M., Mattar, C., & Su, L. L. (2020)., Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 222(6), 521-531.
  • Della Gatta, A. N., Rizzo, R., Pilu, G., & Simonazzi, G. COVID-19 during pregnancy: A systematic review of reported cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 223(1), 36-41.
  • Elshafeey, F., Magdi, R., Hindi, N., Elshebiny, M., Farrag, N., & Mahdy, S. (2020). A systematic scoping review of COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 150(1), 47-52.
  • Erberk E., Beştepe E., & Akar H. (2005). Cinsellik ve çift uyumu: Üç grup evli çiftle karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. Düşünen Adam 72-81.
  • Ergönen, A. T., Biçen, E., & Ersoy, G. (2020). COVID-19 salgınında ev içi şiddet. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine, 25, 48-57.
  • ESHRE (2020). News and Statements. Coronavirus Covid-19: ESHRE statement on pregnancy and conception. https://www.eshre.eu/Press-Room/ESHRE-News. adresinden 22 Eylül 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Fidanoğlu, O. (2007). Evlilik uyumu ile eşlerin somatizasyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki ve diğer sosyodemografik değişkenler açısından karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Gao, L. L., Liu, X. J., Fu, B. L., & Xie, W. (2015). Predictors of childbirth fear among pregnant Chinese women: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Midwifery, 31, 865-870.
  • Gök, K., Köse, O.& Özden, S. (2020). Gebelikte Koronavirüs Enfeksiyonu (COVID-19) ve Yönetimi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, 10(2), 348-358. doi: 10.31832/smj.723129
  • Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic: What is the role of psychiatry?. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 71, 101594.
  • Güleç, D., Öztürk, R., Sevil, Ü., & Kazandı, M. (2014). Gebelerin yaşadıkları doğum korkusu ile algıladıkları sosyal destek arasındaki ilişki. Türkiye Klinikleri Jinekoloji Obstetrik, 24(1), 36-41.
  • Hofberg, K., & Ward, M. (2003). Fear of pregnancy and childbirth. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 79, 505–510
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Birmingham, W., & Jones, B. Q. (2008). Is there something unique about marriage? The relative ımpact of marital status, relationship quality, and network social support on ambulatory blood pressure and mental health. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35(2), 239- 244.
  • Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., & Dong, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934.
  • Houseknecht, S.K., & Macke, A.S. (1991). Combining marriage and career: the marital adjustment of professional women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43, 651-661.
  • Karasar, N. (2002). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Kitamura, T., Aoki, M., Fujino, M., Ura, C., Watanabe, K., & Fujihara, S. (1998). Sex differences in marital and social- adjustment. Social Psychol, 2, 26-138.
  • Wijma, K., Wijma, B., & Zar, M. (1998). Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ; a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 19(2), 8488-97.
  • Körükcü, O, Kukul, K., & Firat M. Z. (2012). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) with pregnant women. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 19(3), 193-202. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01694.x
  • Körükcü, O., Deliktaş, A., Aydın, R., & Kabukcuoğlu, K. (2017). Investigation of the relationship between the psychosocial health status and fear of childbirth in healthy pregnancies. Clinicial and Experimental Health Sciences, 7, 152-8.
  • Ladikli, N., Bahadır, E., Yumuşak, F. N., Akkuzu, H., Karaman, G., ve Türkkan, Z. (2020). Kovid-19 Korkusu Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması. International Journal of SocialScience, 3(2): 71-80.
  • Laursen, M., Hedegaard, M., & Johansen, C. (2008). Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG, 115 (3), 354-360.
  • Li, N., Han, L., Peng, M., Lv, Y., Ouyang, Y., & Liu, K. (2020). Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(16), 2035-2041.
  • Lim, B. K. H. (2000). Conflict resolution styles, somatization, and marital satisfaction in chinese couples: the moderatıng effect of forgiveness and willingness to seek professional help. Dissertation Abstracts International, 61 (7-B), 3902.
  • Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(102073), 102073.
  • Melender, H. L. (2002). Experiences of Fears Associated with Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Study of 329 Pregnant Woman. Birth, 29(2), 101-111.
  • Mızrak Şahin, B., & Kabakçı, E. N. (2020). The experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A qualitative study. Women Birth, 34(2):162-169.
  • Murray, S. S., & McKinney, E. S. (2014). Foundations of maternal-newborn and women's health nursing-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.
  • Nieminen, K., Stephansson, O., & Ryding, E. L. (2009). Women's fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section–a cross‐sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 88 (7), 807-813.
  • Rouhe, H., Salmela-Aro, K., Halmesmäki, E., & Saisto, T. (2009). Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG, 116(1), 67-73.
  • Ryding, E.L., Wijma, B., Wijma, K., & Rydhström, H. (1998). Fear of childbirth during pregnancy may increase the risk of emergency cesarean section. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 77, 542–547.
  • Saisto, T., Salmela-Aro, K., Nurmi, J., & Halmesma, E. (2001). Psychosocial characteristics of women and their partners fearing vaginal childbirth. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 108, 492-498.
  • Sardoğan, M. E., & Karahan, T. M. (2005). The effect of human relation skill training program for married couples on the level of marital adjustment of married. Ankara University, Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 38(2), 89-102.
  • Simpson, K. R., & Creen, P. A. (2008). AWHONN perinatal nursing. Lippincott, 115-120.
  • Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar Dyads.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38(1), 15-28.
  • Stein, M. B. (2020). Editorial: COVID-19 and anxiety and depression in 2020. Depress Anxiety, 37, 302.
  • Storksen, H., Eberhard-Gran, M., Garthus-Niegel, S., & Eskild, A. (2012). Fear of childbirth; the relation to anxiety and depression. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand., 91, 237-242.
  • Taşkın L. (2016). Doğum ve kadın sağlığı hemşireliği, Özyurt Matbaacılık.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TUİK] (2020). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dogum-Istatistikleri-2020-37229#: adresinden 11 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır
  • Uçar, T., & Gölbaşı, Z. (2015). Nedenleri ve sonuçlarıyla doğum korkusu. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 54-58.
  • Ünal, B., & Gülsere, L. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisinin görünmeyen yüzü: Aile içi kadına yönelik şiddet. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23, 89-94.
  • Van den Akker, O.B.A. (2012). Reproductive health psychology. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu L., Ho, C.S., & Ho, R.C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5).
  • Xie, R.H., Yang, J., Liao, S., Xie, H., Walker, M., & Wen, S.W. (2010). Prenatal family support, postnatal family support and postpartum depression. Australian and New Zealand Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology, 50(4), 340-5.
  • Yan, J., Guo, J., Fan, C., Juan, J., Yu, X., & Li, J. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y. ve Erdoğan, S. (2004). SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Yekenkunrıl, D., & Mete, S. (2012). Gebelikte bulantı kusma, evlilik uyumu ve eş ilişkisi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Derg, 5(3), 89-95.
  • Zhang, H. (2020). The influence of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on family violence in China. Journal of Family Violence 2020.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

A. Ezgi Ulu 0000-0001-6418-8995

Tuba Ertunç 0000-0001-6418-8995

Proje Numarası yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Eylül 2022
Kabul Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ulu, A. E., & Ertunç, T. (2022). Being pregnant in Covid-19 (Fear of Giving Birth, Fear of Covid-19, and Marital Adjustment). Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 4(3), 222-230.